Deck 7: Victims, Witnesses, and Human Resources

Question 1

_________ refers to the questioning of victims or eyewitnesses who can reasonably be expected to disclose what they know about the crime

A) interview
B) interrogation
C) investigation
D) inquiry

Answer 1

A

Question 2

A well maintained _________ file can tie several crimes together through crime
Analysis

A) case
B) Modus Operandi (MO)
C) criminal
D) profiling

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Information encountered through visual observation or other senses, then encoded
For storage in memory is referred to as___________.

A) sensory input
B) memory
C) retrieval
D) none of the above

Answer 3

A

Question 4

A person who discloses investigative information to the police is known as a(n)

A) victim
B) informant
C) perpetrator
D) suspect
E) citizen

Question 5

According to the text, the two primary types of informants are

A) generalists and specialists
B) those who volunteer information and those who expect some form of payment
C) those who volunteer information and those who want to avoid arrest
D) generalists and volunteers
E) specialists and volunteers

Question 6

The process wherein a defendant agrees to furnish what s/he knows about criminal activities in exchange for a promise that a special recommendation for consideration will be made to a judge in a pending prosecution is called

A) interrogation
B) eliminating competition
C) building a line of credit
D) cutting a deal
E) none of the above

Question 7

According to the authors, ordinary citizens, as well as reformed criminals, are motivated by __________________ to provide information, believing it will win favorable attention from the authorities.

A) vanity
B) fear
C) revenge
D) repentance
E) retribution

Question 8

Among the emotions that often induce people to divulge what otherwise would remain undisclosed, _______________ is considered one of the most powerful inducements to becoming an informant.

A) vanity
B) fear
C) jealousy
D) gratitude
E) hate

Question 9

According to the authors, to function as an informant, an individual must have the ability or opportunity to

A) comprehend investigative information and provide information without exposure
B) understand the legality of being an informant and acquire the information
C) recognize criminal information and acquire the information
D) acquire information and reveal it without exposure to retaliation
E) none of the above

Question 10

In 1981, the _____________________ of the United States issued a set of guidelines on the use of informants and confidential sources by the FBI.

A) Secretary of State
B) Commission on Law Enforcement
C) Commission on Justice and Ethics
D) U.S. Secret Service
E) Attorney General

Question 11

In the case of ________________________, the Court specifically approved the use of an informant's hearsay information to make a warrantless arrest.

A) Aguilar v. Texas
B) Spinelli v. United States
C) Draper v. United States
D) Illinois v. Gates
E) Tennessee v. Garner

Question 12

In the case of __________________, a two-pronged test was suggested to determine when an unnamed informant's information could be used to show probable cause.

A) Aguilar v. Texas
B) Spinelli v. United States
C) Draper v. United States
D) Illinois v. Gates
E) Tennessee v. Garner

Question 13

In the case of _______________________, the Court concluded that it is wiser to abandon the "two-pronged test" established by the decisions in Aguilar and Spinelli; in its place, the Court reaffirmed the "totality of the circumstance" test that traditionally has informed probable cause determinations.

A) Aguilar v. Texas
B) Spinelli v. United States
C) Draper v. United States
D) Illinois v. Gates
E) Tennessee v. Garner

Question 14

One method of acquiring the facts is to utilize a standardized form dealing with the significant details a complainant or witness may possess - termed a complaint report or investigation report.

Question 15

Investigators can arrange to have a witness placed on a telephone alert, to be called when the case is on trial and the testimony wanted within an hour or so.

Question 16

For an individual to function as an informant, it is not necessary for an opportunity to exist to observe through sight, sound, or even smell, taste, or touch the information to be furnished to the law enforcement agency.

Question 17

According to the authors, to check on the informant's reliability, the investigator should ask for information that is already known.

Question 18

The courts have recognized that the government's use of informants and confidential sources is unlawful and ineffective in the investigative process.

Question 19

Polygraph tests are not allowed as the sole establisher of an individual's guilt or innocence.

Question 20

Information from an unnamed source creates the most difficult questions regarding probable cause.

Question 21

Surveillance may be described as the unobtrusive observation of a person, place, or thing

Question 22

Although the scientific evidence used in Frye dealt with the polygraph, this became the landmark case for most courts and jurisdictions for all scientific evidence and became known as the "Frye standard.