Deck 1: Introduction to Experiencing Cities

Question 1

According to Hutter, by the year ________ approximately half of all people in the world were urban dwellers.

A)2007
B)2010
C)2025
D)2050

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Predictions are that by the year 2030 urban areas are expected to have about ________ percent of the world's population.

A)40
B)50
C)60
D)70

Answer 2

C

Question 3

By 2050, ______ percent of the world's population are predicted to be living in urban areas.

A)50
B)60
C)66
D)75

Answer 3

C

Question 4

According to Kingsley Davis, cities and urbanization…

A)have been key features of human life since our beginnings.
B)have been around much longer than other aspects of society, such as language and religion.
C)are impossible to date accurately.
D)are relatively recent developments in human history.

Question 5

In what parts of the world will the growth mostly occur?

A)Europe
B)North America
C)Latin America
D)Asia and Africa

Question 6

Barbara Boyle Torrey notes that the most striking examples of the ongoing urbanization of the world are the…

A)increasing number of large Western cities.
B)rise of megacities with 10 million or more people.
C)rise of small towns in Asia.
D)changes that have led to a reversal of the urban revolutions.

Question 7

After discussing the first and second urban revolutions, Hutter suggests that a third urban revolution is going on now.This third urban revolution is related to…

A)deindustrialization.
B)massive urban growth in non-Western cities.
C)the rising city-suburb disparity ranking in the U.S.
D)the shift to industrial production in the U.S.

Question 8

If you are interested in the rate at which an urban population grows over a period of time relative to its initial size, you would focus on…

A)urbanization.
B)urban growth.
C)urban transition.
D)urbanism.

Question 9

Which of the following refers to the social psychological consequences of urban living?

A)urbanization
B)urban growth
C)urban transition
D)urbanism

Question 10

The growth of cities has long been tied to human progress and to equating cities with…

A)religion.
B)civilization.
C)etymology.
D)norms and values.

Question 11

The importance of cities is reflected in Mumford's idea that cities…

A)were necessary before agriculture could develop.
B)historically undermine the possibility of preserving the power and culture of a community.
C)are the points of maximum concentration for the power and culture of a community.
D)are the oldest and therefore the most important type of human settlement.

Question 12

Hutter uses the microsociological approach of ________ and the macrosociological approach of ________ to understand cities.

A)symbolic interactionism; urban ecology
B)urban ecology; urban political economy
C)urbanization; urbanism
D)symbolic interactionism; urban political economy

Question 13

A symbolic interactionist would understand cities and urban life by focusing on…

A)the urban ecological environment.
B)urban class structures and their effects on access to resources.
C)the use of shared symbols to make sense of the world.
D)unconscious psychological processes that determine the mental health of urbanites.

Question 14

What is one of the most common consequences of rapid population growth in developing countries?

A)increased mobility
B)formal economic growth
C)increased healthcare
D)shantytowns

Question 15

An urban political economist would understand cities and urban life by focusing on…

A)the urban ecological environment.
B)urban class structures and their effects on access to resources.
C)the use of shared symbols to make sense of the world.
D)unconscious psychological processes that determine the mental health of urbanites.

Question 16

A microlevel approach to urban living is needed, because macrolevel approaches ignore…

A)emergent creative aspects of individuals and the emergent quality of social interaction.
B)urban class structures and their effects on access to resources that people need to live.
C)urbanization, urban growth, and urban transition.
D)how interactional patterns are determined by large-scale social structures.

Question 17

Symbolic interactionism begins with the basic premise that…

A)people are active interpreters of their environment.
B)people's behavior is completely shaped by their social class.
C)people focus on the biotic environment in deciding how to act.
D)people take their cues for behavior from large-scale social structures.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT one of Blumer's basic premises of symbolic interactionism?

A)Cities are shaped by the social class structure of the society in which they exist.
B)Human beings act toward things on the basis of the meanings that the things have for them.
C)The meanings of things arise out of the social interactions one has with others.
D)These meanings are handled or modified through an interpretive process used by persons in dealing with the objects or situations that they encounter.

Question 19

Symbolic interactionists believe that any environmental space, whether a building, a street, or a city, should be seen in terms of its…

A)physical structure.
B)physical characteristics.
C)symbolic meaning.
D)biotic environment.

Question 20

W.I.Thomas is best known for his concept of the…

A)"definition of the situation."
B)"ecological complex."
C)"city as a state of mind."
D)"public realm."

Question 21

The statement, "If men define situations as real, they are real in their consequences," refers to…

A)urban reality.
B)the world of strangers.
C)the definition of the situation.
D)urban imagery.

Question 22

The importance of Thomas and Znaneicki's study The Polish Peasant, is that it showed how individuals' understanding of their lives and circumstances could enable them to…

A)accept their lives and circumstances as they are.
B)make an impact on and change their environment.
C)use theory to resign themselves to their fate.
D)understand the nature of the urban transition.

Question 23

In developing his view of city life, Robert Park was influenced by Simmel's emphasis on the importance of…

A)ecological models of urban life.
B)the social psychology of urban life.
C)the rapid pace of urban growth.
D)the public realm.

Question 24

In addition to his emphasis on shared sentiments and values as important to symbolic and psychological adjustments to urban life, Park also used a/an ________ model of city life.

A)ecological
B)social psychological
C)political economic
D)historical

Question 25

For Anselm Strauss, "urban imagery" refers to the…

A)ecological image of city.
B)symbolization of the city.
C)the political economic image of the city.
D)the historical model of the city.

Question 26

In their research on urban imagery, Wohl and Strauss describe how the spatial complexity and social diversity of a city often becomes integrated through the use of…

A)sentimental history.
B)the public realm.
C)the private realm.
D)anti-urban bias.

Question 27

Strauss argues that one invariant characteristic of city life is that people "see" the city by using certain stylized and symbolic objects.He further argues that people's images of these objects are due to the…

A)city as a way of life.
B)world of strangers that people inhabit.
C)social worlds and relationships that people have.
D)environmental contexts within which people live.

Question 28

The importance of Lofland's work rests on her emphasis on and analysis of…

A)the public realm.
B)the definition of the situation.
C)urban imagery.
D)urban ecology.

Question 29

Lofland argues that in the public spaces of parks, plazas, and streets,…

A)a special form of social life is articulated that gives the city its special character.
B)interaction becomes risky for people thus making public life difficult.
C)one sees the environmental effects of human social behavior.
D)the level of crime is very high.

Question 30

In addition to the "place approach" and the "urban people approach," which of the following is another suggested approach for urban interactionists?

A)urban ecology
B)urban political economy
C)urban imagery
D)urban fear

Question 31

Elijah Anderson, in his essay "Cosmopolitan Canopy," observed that our contemporary diversity is a consequence of…

A)immigration.
B)industrialization.
C)globalization.
D)All of the above

Question 32

Perry, Abbott, and Hutter developed the urban imagery approach because they felt that too few symbolic interactionists had investigated…

A)the effects of urban ecological issues on urban images.
B)the effects of urban political economy on symbolic interactionism as an approach to understanding cities.
C)how urban imagery had affected the two North Atlantic islands that Hutter refers to.
D)the interactional dynamics at the center of urban imagery and the degree to which imagery acts as an independent variable in shaping urban life.

Question 33

Mark Hutter grew up in Brooklyn, on the North Atlantic island of Long Island.The two major ethnic groups in his neighborhood-Italians and Jews-lived side-by-side but with parallel institutions taht they did not share with each other.This neighborhood was…

A)spatially integrated, but culturally, institutionally, and socially segregated.
B)spatially segregated, but culturally, institutionally, and socially integrated.
C)spatially, culturally, institutionally, and socially segregated.
D)spatially, culturally, institutionally, and socially integrated.

Question 34

In Hutter's neighborhood when he was growing up, many parents preferred that their children, when they were not in the park, play in the streets by their homes because there were always…

A)numerous police officers around to watch them.
B)trolley cars going by.
C)eyes on the street.
D)gangs that protected the children.

Question 35

The UN predicts that by 2050 the world's urban population will be the same size as the entire world's population back in 2004.

Question 36

Today more than 2000 cities exist that are larger than one million or more.

Question 37

Most population growth will occur in the poorest and least developed countries.

Question 38

Hutter emphasizes the use of both microlevel and macrolevel approaches to study city life.

Question 39

Thomas argues that people respond to the meaning a situation has for them, not just to the objective features of a situation.

Question 40

Lyn Lofland uses the idea of the city as a "world of strangers" to argue that cities are inherently dangerous places to be avoided.

Question 41

One basic theme of the symbolic interactionist approach to cities is the search for "meaningful" identity in the urban context.

Question 42

Hutter grew up in a neighborhood that was spatially segregated, but culturally, institutionally, and socially integrated.

Question 43

Define any two: urbanization, urban growth, urban transition, urbanism.

Question 44

Briefly explain Hutter's approach to understanding cities, as described in chapter 1.

Question 45

In chapter 1, Hutter discusses important contributions that four scholars have made to symbolic interactionist urban analyses.Describe the work of one of the four important symbolic interactionist scholars discussed in the chapter.

Question 46

What does Hutter mean by treating the visible as an invisible nonperson?

Question 47

Hutter explains two analytical interests that symbolic interactionists have had in understanding cities, and he suggests a third approach.What are these approaches?

Question 48

Explain the neighborhood Hutter grew up in from the standpoint of spatial, cultural, institutional, and social integration or segregation.

Question 49

Discuss why both microlevel and macrolevel approaches are necessary to understand cities.Explain the contributions of each type of approach to urban analysis.

Question 50

Discuss how you see the "making strangers invisible" strategy occurring on your campus or in another urban area.Why or why not is this a problem for society?

Question 51

Explain how symbolic interactionism can contribute to the study of urban sociology.Be sure to consider the work of Thomas, Park, Strauss, and Lofland.