Question 1

When viewing an object of fixed size from increasingly distant viewpoints, its retinal area:&#10;A) Varies non-linearly with distance&#10;B) Varies linearly with distance&#10;C) Remains fixed as distance changes&#10;D) Varies unpredictably with distance

Accepted Answer

The retinal area of an object of fixed size decreases as the distance from the viewer increases, and this relationship is non-linear. This is because the visual angle decreases with distance, and the size of the projection of the object on the retina (retinal area) decreases according to the square of the distance, following the principles of similar triangles and perspective geometry.

Question 2

The range of distances over which there is no perceptible image blur is known as:&#10;A) Accommodative range&#10;B) Depth of field&#10;C) Disparity limit&#10;D) Diplopia limit

Accepted Answer

Depth of field refers to the range of distances over which objects appear acceptably sharp in an image. It is influenced by factors such as aperture size, focal length, and camera sensor size. Accommodative range refers to the range of distances over which the eye can focus clearly. Disparity limit refers to the distance at which the eyes can no longer merge two separate images into a single perception. Diplopia limit refers to the distance at which double vision occurs due to misalignment of the eyes.

Question 3

Changes in vergence yoked to changes in:&#10;A) Object distance&#10;B) Accommodation&#10;C) Binocular disparity&#10;D) Height in the visual field

Accepted Answer

Changes in vergence are yoked to changes in accommodation, meaning that they work in conjunction with each other to maintain clear and single vision at various distances. Binocular disparity refers to the slight differences in the images captured by each eye, which is another factor that is involved in maintaining binocular vision, but it is not directly related to changes in vergence. Height in the visual field does not play a significant role in changes in vergence.

Question 4

Binocular disparities occur because the two eyes view objects from slightly different viewing:&#10;A) Distances&#10;B) Heights&#10;C) Angles&#10;D) Planes

Accepted Answer

Binocular disparities occur because the two eyes view objects from slightly different angles. This results in each eye receiving a slightly different image of the same object, which the brain then uses to create the perception of depth and 3D vision.

Question 5

The problem of matching image features in the eyes is called the stereo:&#10;A) Correspondence problem&#10;B) Aperture problem&#10;C) Equivalence problem&#10;D) Similarity problem

Accepted Answer

The problem of matching image features in the eyes is called the stereo correspondence problem. This is because the brain needs to match features from both eyes in order to create a perception of depth and distance. This can be a difficult task as there may be many features in both images that appear similar and need to be matched correctly. The aperture problem refers to a different issue in vision, where a small aperture or opening can create ambiguity in the direction of motion of an object. The equivalence problem pertains to the issue of multiple objects having similar properties in a visual scene. The similarity problem refers to the difficulty in judging the similarity of objects in a scene based on their appearance.

Question 6

Which of the following has not been proposed as a stereo matching constraint?&#10;A) Epipolarity&#10;B) Vertical disparity&#10;C) Similarity in contrast&#10;D) Similarity in orientation

Accepted Answer

Vertical disparity is not typically used as a stereo matching constraint because stereo matching relies on horizontal disparities due to the geometry of stereo vision systems.

Question 7

Neurons tuned to disparity are found:&#10;A) Only in V1&#10;B) Only in V3&#10;C) Only in V4&#10;D) In multiple areas of visual cortex

Accepted Answer

Neurons tuned to disparity (binocular disparity) are found in multiple areas of the visual cortex, including V1, V2, V3, V4, and MT (middle temporal) cortex. These neurons play a key role in depth perception and contribute to the perception of stereoscopic vision.

Question 8

Larger eye separation (inter-ocular distance):&#10;A) Has no effect on binocular disparity&#10;B) Increases binocular disparity&#10;C) Reduces binocular disparity&#10;D) Destroys binocular disparity

Accepted Answer

Binocular disparity is the difference in the images seen by each eye, which is used by the brain to perceive depth. Increasing the distance between the eyes (inter-ocular distance) increases the binocular disparity, as the images seen by each eye become more different.

Question 9

Cue magnitude for disparity, image blur, vergence, accommodation, and image size:&#10;A) Varies linearly with 1/distance&#10;B) Varies linearly with distance2&#10;C) Varies linearly with distance&#10;D) Varies linearly with &#8730; distance

Accepted Answer

Cue magnitude for disparity and image blur vary linearly with 1/distance. Vergence and accommodation cues vary with the distance itself, and image size cue varies with the square root of distance.

Question 10

Research indicates that texture gradients are most effective as a depth cue for slants greater than:&#10;A) 50 degrees from vertical&#10;B) 20 degrees from vertical&#10;C) 10 degrees from vertical&#10;D) 5 degrees from vertical

Accepted Answer

Texture gradients are most effective as a depth cue for slants greater than 50 degrees from vertical because at this angle, the texture elements are more likely to be aligned with the slant of the surface.

Question 11

While viewing objects laying on a ground plane, their height in the visual field:&#10;A) Does not change with distance from the observer&#10;B) Varies in the same way for all observers&#10;C) Varies less rapidly for smaller observers&#10;D) Varies more rapidly for smaller observers

Accepted Answer

The answer of While viewing objects laying on a ground...

Question 12

When two walking figures move across your field of view, one twice as far as the other, the image of the farther walker will:&#10;A) Move at twice retinal velocity of the nearer walker&#10;B) Move at the same retinal velocity as that of the nearer walker&#10;C) Move at half retinal velocity of the nearer walker&#10;D) Will appear to be stationary on the retina.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When two walking figures move across your...

Question 13

Which cue can be used to estimate the absolute depth of an object?&#10;A) Interposition&#10;B) Vergence&#10;C) Height in the visual field&#10;D) Texture gradient

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which cue can be used to estimate...

Question 14

Accommodation is controlled by:&#10;A) The extra-ocular muscle&#10;B) The sphincter muscle&#10;C) The choroid muscle&#10;D) The ciliary muscle

Accepted Answer

The answer of Accommodation is controlled by:&#10;A) The extra-ocular muscle&#10;B)...

Question 15

Which of the following cues only offers only an ordinal cue to depth?&#10;A) Interposition&#10;B) Vergence&#10;C) Height in the visual field&#10;D) Texture gradient

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following cues only offers...

Question 16

Convergence of railway tracks as they disappear into the distance is an example of:&#10;A) Height in the visual field&#10;B) Atmospheric perspective&#10;C) Perspective gradient&#10;D) Vergence angle

Accepted Answer

The answer of Convergence of railway tracks as they disappear...

Question 17

A crossed horizontal binocular disparity of 5 degrees will:&#10;A) Correspond to a point farther away than fixation&#10;B) Appear diplopic&#10;C) Allow very fine depth discrimination&#10;D) Correspond to a point the same distance as fixation

Accepted Answer

The answer of A crossed horizontal binocular disparity of 5...

Question 18

Lawful variation in the number of texture elements per unit area in the image is known as:&#10;A) Density gradient&#10;B) Perspective gradient&#10;C) Compression gradient&#10;D) Size gradient

Accepted Answer

The answer of Lawful variation in the number of texture...

Question 19

Research indicates that depth cue combination in the human visual system involves:&#10;A) Multiplying the cue values&#10;B) Taking a weighted average of cue values&#10;C) Ignoring all except one cue value&#10;D) Accepting several cue values as equally viable

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research indicates that depth cue combination in...

Deck 11: Depth Perception