Deck 21: Time-Based Schedules

Question 1

Put a. yes or b. no for each of these pairs of questions.

-Does early responding affect anything?
1.___ Fixed-interval schedule
2.___ Term paper

Answer 1

1.b
2.a

Question 2

Put a. yes or b. no for each of these pairs of questions.

-Do you get more if you work harder?
1.___ Fixed-interval schedule
2.___ Term-paper

Answer 2

1.b
2.a

Question 3

Put a. yes or b. no for each of these pairs of questions.

-Is the relevant response class clear?
1.___ Fixed-interval schedule
2.___ Term-paper

Answer 3

1.a
2.b

Question 4

Put a. yes or b. no for each of these pairs of questions.

-Are there calendars and clocks involved?
1.___ Fixed-interval schedule
2.___ Term-paper

Question 5

Put a. yes or b. no for each of these pairs of questions.

-Is there a deadline?
1.___ Fixed-interval schedule
2.___ Term-paper

Question 6

Put a. yes or b. no for each of these pairs of questions.

-Is the reinforcer too delayed to reinforce the behavior?
1.___ Fixed-interval schedule
2.___ Term-paper

Question 7

Continuous reinforcement makes the response ___ resistant to extinction than does intermittent reinforcement.

A) more
B) less

Question 8

On which schedule does the passage of time bring about the opportunity for a reinforcer if and only if a response occurs.

A) fixed interval
B) fixed time
C) all of the above
D) none of the above

Question 9

Is going for the monthly paycheck on a fixed interval schedule?

Question 10

Why is a weekly paycheck not an example of a fixed interval schedule?

A) there are calendars
B) there are no relevant response classes
C) all of the above

Question 11

What schedule did Skinner (1948) use to obtain superstitious pigeon behavior?

A) fixed interval
B) fixed time
C) variable interval
D) variable ratio
E) all of the above
F) none of the above

Question 12

With ratio schedules, the faster you respond, the more reinforcers you will get per hour.

Question 13

With interval schedules, responding before the end of the interval will produce reinforcers. Be sure to review the definition for interval schedules.

Question 14

On a variable-interval schedule of reinforcement, must a response occur before the reinforcer is delivered? Be sure to review the definition for variable interval schedule.

Question 15

Intermittent reinforcement affects resistance to extinction because of the_________.

A) deprivation-satiation effect
B) generalization/discrimination between intermittent reinforcement and extinction
C) all of the above
D) none of the above

Question 16

With interval schedules in the skinner box, does working harder produce more reinforcers?

A) no
B) yes

Question 17

A deadline specifies the time _____which a response will be reinforced.

A) before
B) during

Question 18

A limited hold specifies the time _____ which a response will be reinforced.

A) before
B) during

Question 19

What is the crucial difference between fixed-interval and fixed-time schedules?

A) For a fixed-time schedule, the delivery of the outcome for a response is dependent on the first response after a specific amount of time. For a fixed-interval schedule, the outcome is delivered dependent on the passage of a specific amount of time regardless of whether a response has occurred.
B) For a fixed-interval schedule, the delivery of the outcome for a response is dependent on the first response after a specific amount of time. For a fixed-time, schedule, the outcome is delivered dependent on the passage of a specific amount of time regardless of whether a response has occurred.

Question 20

What is the crucial difference between ratio schedules and interval schedules?

A) For ratio schedules, the outcome for a response is delivered only after a specific number of responses have occurred since the last reinforced or punished response. For interval schedules, the crucial measure is amount of time that has passed since the last response that was reinforced or punished.
B) For interval schedules, the outcome for a response is delivered only after a specific number of responses have occurred since the last reinforced or punished. For ratio schedules, the crucial measure is amount of time that has passed since the last response that was reinforced or punished.

Question 21

Please put yes or no in each of the relevant positions in this table.
Contrasting the Fixed-Interval and the Term-Paper Schedules

Question 22

Please put yes or no in each of the relevant positions in this table.

Question 23

Diagram the Saturday Night Live (SNL) contingency as a reinforcement contingency. (Some of the events will be used more than once in this diagram, and some won't be used at all)

Match the letter in the contingency with the corresponding response

-______You turn TV on to Channel 8

Question 24

Diagram the Saturday Night Live (SNL) contingency as a reinforcement contingency. (Some of the events will be used more than once in this diagram, and some won't be used at all)

Match the letter in the contingency with the corresponding response

-______You have no opportunity to see SNL

Question 25

Diagram the Saturday Night Live (SNL) contingency as a reinforcement contingency. (Some of the events will be used more than once in this diagram, and some won't be used at all)

Match the letter in the contingency with the corresponding response

-______You have the opportunity to see SNL

Question 26

Diagram the Saturday Night Live (SNL) contingency as a reinforcement contingency. (Some of the events will be used more than once in this diagram, and some won't be used at all)

Match the letter in the contingency with the corresponding response

-______Calendar & clock say 9:30 AM Mon.

Question 27

Diagram the Saturday Night Live (SNL) contingency as a reinforcement contingency. (Some of the events will be used more than once in this diagram, and some won't be used at all)

Match the letter in the contingency with the corresponding response

-______Calendar & clock say 11:30 PM Sat.

Question 28

Diagram the Saturday Night Live (SNL) contingency as an avoidance contingency.

Match the letter in the contingency with the corresponding response

-_____You will lose opportunity to see SNL.

Question 29

Diagram the Saturday Night Live (SNL) contingency as an avoidance contingency.

Match the letter in the contingency with the corresponding response

-_____You won’t lose opportunity to see SNL

Question 30

Diagram the Saturday Night Live (SNL) contingency as an avoidance contingency.

Match the letter in the contingency with the corresponding response

-_____You turn TV on to Channel 8

Question 31

Diagram the Saturday Night Live (SNL) contingency as an avoidance contingency.

Match the letter in the contingency with the corresponding response

-_____Calendar & clock say 11:30 PM Sat

Question 32

Going to pick up your paycheck at the end of every 2 weeks is...

A) reinforced on a biweekly fixed-interval schedule of reinforcement.
B) under stimulus control and reinforced every time the S^D is present.
C) under stimulus control and reinforced on a biweekly fixed-interval schedule of reinforcement.
D) reinforced on a variable interval schedule of reinforcement.
E) reinforced on a fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement.

Question 33

If going for the paycheck were really reinforced on a fixed-interval schedule, we'd expect to see that behavior

A) spread across 2 weeks on a fixed-interval scallop, which is what happens.
B) spread across 2 weeks on a fixed-interval scallop, which is not what happens.
C) occur just once, when the check is available, which is what happens.
D) occur just once, when the check is available, which is not what happens.

Question 34

The fixed-time schedule does not require a response for the reinforcer to occur.

Question 35

The fixed-time schedule is one way to produce superstitious behavior

Question 36

The variable-interval schedule does not require a response for the reinforcer to be delivered.

Question 37

The schedule of reinforcement is the dependent variable

Question 38

A moderate rate of responding, with almost no post-reinforcement pausing is a

A) variable-interval pattern.
B) variable-interval schedule.

Question 39

With a variable-interval schedule of reinforcement, the larger the intervals between reinforcements, the lower the response rate.

Question 40

With ratio schedules, the faster you respond, the more reinforcers you will get per hour.

Question 41

With interval schedules, the faster you respond, the more reinforcers you will get per hour.

Question 42

Intermittent reinforcement makes the response more resistant to extinction than does continuous reinforcement.

Question 43

Stimulus generalization explains why intermittent reinforcement makes behavior more resistant to extinction than does continuous reinforcement.

Question 44

Stimulus generalization explains the effect intermittent reinforcement has on resistant to extinction.

Question 45

Contrary to popular opinion among those less well educated than you, if we have two response keys in her Skinner box, Polly's response of pecking the VI 1′ key will be stronger than her response of pecking the continuous reinforcement key; in other words, she'll peck the VI 1′ key the most.

Question 46

Please match the following cumulative records with their schedules of reinforcement below.
-

A) fixed-interval schedule of reinforcement
B) variable-interval schedule of reinforcement
C) fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement
D) I ain't nothin'
E) variable-ratio schedule of reinforcement

Question 47

Please match the following cumulative records with their schedules of reinforcement below.
-

A) fixed-interval schedule of reinforcement
B) variable-interval schedule of reinforcement
C) fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement
D) I ain't nothin'
E) variable-ratio schedule of reinforcement

Question 48

Please match the following cumulative records with their schedules of reinforcement below.
-

A) fixed-interval schedule of reinforcement
B) variable-interval schedule of reinforcement
C) fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement
D) I ain't nothin'
E) variable-ratio schedule of reinforcement

Question 49

Please match the following cumulative records with their schedules of reinforcement below.
-

A) fixed-interval schedule of reinforcement
B) variable-interval schedule of reinforcement
C) fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement
D) I ain't nothin'
E) variable-ratio schedule of reinforcement

Question 50

Please match the following cumulative records with their schedules of reinforcement below.
-

A) fixed-interval schedule of reinforcement
B) variable-interval schedule of reinforcement
C) fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement
D) I ain't nothin'
E) variable-ratio schedule of reinforcement

Question 51

Please match the following definitions with the terms below.
(NOT ALL OF THE TERMS BELOW WILL BE USED!)
-A reinforcer is contingent on the first response after a fixed interval of time since the last opportunity for reinforcement.

A) Superstitious behavior
B) The resistive effect
C) The resistive index
D) Fixed-interval scallop (Fixed-interval pattern of responding)
E) Temporal rigidity
F) The principle of resistance to extinction and intermittent reinforcement
G) The moderation effect
H) Variable-interval (VI) schedule of reinforcement
I) Fixed-interval preponderance
J) Variable-interval pattern of responding
K) Psychodynamic consternation
L) Fixed-interval scallop (Fixed-interval pattern of responding)
M) Resistance to extinction
N) Fixed-time schedule of reinforcer delivery
O) Behavioral confusion
P) Psychodynamic confusion
Q) Fixed-interval (FI) schedule of reinforcement

Question 52

Please match the following definitions with the terms below.
(NOT ALL OF THE TERMS BELOW WILL BE USED!)
-A fixed-interval schedule often produces a scallop-a gradual increase in the rate of responding, with responding occurring at a high rate just before reinforcement is available. No responding occurs for some time after reinforcement.

A) Superstitious behavior
B) The resistive effect
C) The resistive index
D) Fixed-interval scallop (Fixed-interval pattern of responding)
E) Temporal rigidity
F) The principle of resistance to extinction and intermittent reinforcement
G) The moderation effect
H) Variable-interval (VI) schedule of reinforcement
I) Fixed-interval preponderance
J) Variable-interval pattern of responding
K) Psychodynamic consternation
L) Fixed-interval scallop (Fixed-interval pattern of responding)
M) Resistance to extinction
N) Fixed-time schedule of reinforcer delivery
O) Behavioral confusion
P) Psychodynamic confusion
Q) Fixed-interval (FI) schedule of reinforcement

Question 53

Please match the following definitions with the terms below.
(NOT ALL OF THE TERMS BELOW WILL BE USED!)
-A reinforcer is delivered after the passage of a fixed period of time, independent of the response.

A) Superstitious behavior
B) The resistive effect
C) The resistive index
D) Fixed-interval scallop (Fixed-interval pattern of responding)
E) Temporal rigidity
F) The principle of resistance to extinction and intermittent reinforcement
G) The moderation effect
H) Variable-interval (VI) schedule of reinforcement
I) Fixed-interval preponderance
J) Variable-interval pattern of responding
K) Psychodynamic consternation
L) Fixed-interval scallop (Fixed-interval pattern of responding)
M) Resistance to extinction
N) Fixed-time schedule of reinforcer delivery
O) Behavioral confusion
P) Psychodynamic confusion
Q) Fixed-interval (FI) schedule of reinforcement

Question 54

Please match the following definitions with the terms below.
(NOT ALL OF THE TERMS BELOW WILL BE USED!)
-Behaving as if the response causes some specific outcome, when it really does not.

A) Superstitious behavior
B) The resistive effect
C) The resistive index
D) Fixed-interval scallop (Fixed-interval pattern of responding)
E) Temporal rigidity
F) The principle of resistance to extinction and intermittent reinforcement
G) The moderation effect
H) Variable-interval (VI) schedule of reinforcement
I) Fixed-interval preponderance
J) Variable-interval pattern of responding
K) Psychodynamic consternation
L) Fixed-interval scallop (Fixed-interval pattern of responding)
M) Resistance to extinction
N) Fixed-time schedule of reinforcer delivery
O) Behavioral confusion
P) Psychodynamic confusion
Q) Fixed-interval (FI) schedule of reinforcement

Question 55

Please match the following definitions with the terms below.
(NOT ALL OF THE TERMS BELOW WILL BE USED!)
-A reinforcer is contingent on the first response after a variable interval of time since the last opportunity for reinforcement.

A) Superstitious behavior
B) The resistive effect
C) The resistive index
D) Fixed-interval scallop (Fixed-interval pattern of responding)
E) Temporal rigidity
F) The principle of resistance to extinction and intermittent reinforcement
G) The moderation effect
H) Variable-interval (VI) schedule of reinforcement
I) Fixed-interval preponderance
J) Variable-interval pattern of responding
K) Psychodynamic consternation
L) Fixed-interval scallop (Fixed-interval pattern of responding)
M) Resistance to extinction
N) Fixed-time schedule of reinforcer delivery
O) Behavioral confusion
P) Psychodynamic confusion
Q) Fixed-interval (FI) schedule of reinforcement

Question 56

Please match the following definitions with the terms below.
(NOT ALL OF THE TERMS BELOW WILL BE USED!)
-Variable-interval schedules produce a moderate rate of responding, with almost no post-reinforcement pausing.

A) Superstitious behavior
B) The resistive effect
C) The resistive index
D) Fixed-interval scallop (Fixed-interval pattern of responding)
E) Temporal rigidity
F) The principle of resistance to extinction and intermittent reinforcement
G) The moderation effect
H) Variable-interval (VI) schedule of reinforcement
I) Fixed-interval preponderance
J) Variable-interval pattern of responding
K) Psychodynamic consternation
L) Fixed-interval scallop (Fixed-interval pattern of responding)
M) Resistance to extinction
N) Fixed-time schedule of reinforcer delivery
O) Behavioral confusion
P) Psychodynamic confusion
Q) Fixed-interval (FI) schedule of reinforcement

Question 57

Please match the following definitions with the terms below.
(NOT ALL OF THE TERMS BELOW WILL BE USED!)
-The number of responses or the amount of time before a response extinguishes.

A) Superstitious behavior
B) The resistive effect
C) The resistive index
D) Fixed-interval scallop (Fixed-interval pattern of responding)
E) Temporal rigidity
F) The principle of resistance to extinction and intermittent reinforcement
G) The moderation effect
H) Variable-interval (VI) schedule of reinforcement
I) Fixed-interval preponderance
J) Variable-interval pattern of responding
K) Psychodynamic consternation
L) Fixed-interval scallop (Fixed-interval pattern of responding)
M) Resistance to extinction
N) Fixed-time schedule of reinforcer delivery
O) Behavioral confusion
P) Psychodynamic confusion
Q) Fixed-interval (FI) schedule of reinforcement

Question 58

Please match the following definitions with the terms below.
(NOT ALL OF THE TERMS BELOW WILL BE USED!)
-Intermittent reinforcement makes the response more resistant to extinction than does continuous reinforcement.

A) Superstitious behavior
B) The resistive effect
C) The resistive index
D) Fixed-interval scallop (Fixed-interval pattern of responding)
E) Temporal rigidity
F) The principle of resistance to extinction and intermittent reinforcement
G) The moderation effect
H) Variable-interval (VI) schedule of reinforcement
I) Fixed-interval preponderance
J) Variable-interval pattern of responding
K) Psychodynamic consternation
L) Fixed-interval scallop (Fixed-interval pattern of responding)
M) Resistance to extinction
N) Fixed-time schedule of reinforcer delivery
O) Behavioral confusion
P) Psychodynamic confusion
Q) Fixed-interval (FI) schedule of reinforcement

Question 59

Please match the following patterns of behavior with the schedules of reinforcement below.
(NOT ALL OF THE SCHEDULES BELOW WILL BE USED!)
-After a response is reinforced, no responding occurs for a period of time. Then responding occurs at a high, steady rate until the next reinforcer is delivered.

A) Fixed duration
B) Differential reinforcement of low rate
C) Fixed interval
D) Differential reinforcement of high rate
E) Variable duration
F) Variable ratio
G) Dissonance schedule
H) Fixed ratio
I) Consonance schedule
J) Variable interval

Question 60

Please match the following patterns of behavior with the schedules of reinforcement below.
(NOT ALL OF THE SCHEDULES BELOW WILL BE USED!)
-A moderate and steady rate of responding occurs, with almost no post-reinforcement pause.

A) Fixed duration
B) Differential reinforcement of low rate
C) Fixed interval
D) Differential reinforcement of high rate
E) Variable duration
F) Variable ratio
G) Dissonance schedule
H) Fixed ratio
I) Consonance schedule
J) Variable interval

Question 61

Please match the following patterns of behavior with the schedules of reinforcement below.
(NOT ALL OF THE SCHEDULES BELOW WILL BE USED!)
-Responding occurs at a high rate, with almost no post-reinforcement pause.

A) Fixed duration
B) Differential reinforcement of low rate
C) Fixed interval
D) Differential reinforcement of high rate
E) Variable duration
F) Variable ratio
G) Dissonance schedule
H) Fixed ratio
I) Consonance schedule
J) Variable interval

Question 62

Please match the following patterns of behavior with the schedules of reinforcement below.
(NOT ALL OF THE SCHEDULES BELOW WILL BE USED!)
-No response occurs immediately after reinforcement. Then the rate of responding increases slowly as the interval advances, until the final quarter of the interval where responding occurs at a high rate (fixed-interval scallop).

A) Fixed duration
B) Differential reinforcement of low rate
C) Fixed interval
D) Differential reinforcement of high rate
E) Variable duration
F) Variable ratio
G) Dissonance schedule
H) Fixed ratio
I) Consonance schedule
J) Variable interval

Question 63

Fill in the Blank

-Fixed-interval (FI) schedule of reinforcement
$\bullet$ A reinforcer is contingent on
$\bullet$ the _________________________
$\bullet$ after a fixed interval of time
$\bullet$ since the last opportunity for reinforcement.

Question 64

Fill in the Blank

-Fixed-interval scallop (Fixed-interval pattern of responding)
$\bullet$ A fixed-interval schedule often produces a scallop
$\bullet$ ______________________________,
$\bullet$ with responding occurring at a high rate
$\bullet$ ____________________________reinforcement is available.
$\bullet$ __________________________occurs for some time after reinforcement.

Question 65

Fill in the Blank

-Fixed-time schedule of reinforcer delivery
$\bullet$ A reinforcer is delivered
$\bullet$ after the passage of a fixed period of time,
$\bullet$ ______________________________.

Question 66

Fill in the Blank

-Superstitious behavior
$\bullet$ Behaving as if ______________________
$\bullet$ some specific outcome,
$\bullet$ when it _________________________.

Question 67

Fill in the Blank

-Variable-interval (VI) schedule of reinforcement
$\bullet$ A reinforcer is contingent on
$\bullet$ the ____________________________
$\bullet$ after a variable interval of time
$\bullet$ since the last opportunity for reinforcement.

Question 68

Fill in the Blank

-Variable-interval pattern of responding
$\bullet$ Variable-interval schedules produce
$\bullet$ a _____________________________responding,
$\bullet$ with _____________________________post-reinforcement pausing.

Question 69

Fill in the Blank

-Resistance to extinction
$\bullet$ The ___________________________or
$\bullet$ the ___________________________
$\bullet$ before a response extinguishes.

Question 70

Fill in the Blank

-Resistance to extinction and intermittent reinforcement
$\bullet$ Intermittent reinforcement
$\bullet$ makes the response
$\bullet$ _____________________________to extinction
$\bullet$ than does continuous reinforcement.

Question 71

Define the following terms:
-Fixed-interval (FI) schedule of reinforcement

Question 72

Define the following terms:
-Fixed-interval scallop (Fixed-interval pattern of responding)

Question 73

Define the following terms:
-Fixed-time schedule of reinforcer delivery

Question 74

Define the following terms:
-Superstitious behavior

Question 75

Define the following terms:
-Variable-interval (VI) schedule of reinforcement

Question 76

Define the following terms:
-Variable-interval pattern of responding

Question 77

Define the following terms:
-Resistance to extinction

Question 78

Define the following terms:
-Resistance to extinction and intermittent reinforcement

Question 79

Provide an example from the book or from your own life.

-Fixed-interval (FI) schedule of reinforcement

Question 80

Provide an example from the book or from your own life.

-Fixed-interval scallop (Fixed-interval pattern of responding)