Deck 6: Programming Languages

Question 1

Which of the following is not associated with object-oriented programming?

A) Inheritance
B) Resolution
C) Encapsulation
D) Polymorphism

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following does not require a Boolean condition?

A) If- else statement
B) While statement
C) Assignment statement
D) For loop statement

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following is not a control statement?

A) If- else statement
B) While statement
C) Assignment statement
D) For statement

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following is not a possible value of the expression 4 + 6 / 2 - 1

A) 4
B) 5
C) 6
D) 10

Question 5

Which of the following is not a loop?

A) If -else statement
B) While statement
C) Repeat statement
D) For statement

Question 6

Most machine languages are based on the

A) Imperative paradigm
B) Declarative paradigm
C) Functional paradigm
D) Object-oriented paradigm

Question 7

Which of the following statements is not a resolvent of the following clauses? $P \text { OR Q OR } \neg R \quad \neg P \text { OR T } \quad \neg Q \text { OR } T \quad \text { R OR T }$

A) Q OR -R OR T
B) T OR P
C) P OR -R OR T
D) Q OR T

Question 8

Which of the following is a means of defining similar yet different classes in an object-oriented program?

A) Inheritance
B) Parsing
C) Coercion
D) Code optimization

Question 9

Which of the following is not a way of referring to a value in a program?

A) Variable
B) Literal
C) Constant
D) Type

Question 10

Which of the following is not constructed by a typical compiler?

A) Source code
B) Symbol table
C) Parse tree
D) Object program

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of a language that is based on the functional paradigm?

A) LISP
B) PROLOG
C) C
D) C++

Question 12

Which of the following is not associated with the concept of data type?

A) Coercion
B) Boolean
C) Operator precedence
D) Strongly typed language

Question 13

Which of the following is not a parse tree of an expression based on the following grammar?

A)
B)
C)

Question 14

Which of the following is a means of nullifying conflicts among data types?

A) Inheritance
B) Parsing
C) Coercion
D) Code optimization

Question 15

Which of the following is not a type of statement found in a typical high-level imperative programming language?

A) Imperative statement
B) Exclamatory statement
C) Declarative statement
D) Comment statement

Question 16

Positions within arrays are identified by means of numbers called

A) Indices
B) Parameters
C) Instance variables
D) Constants

Question 17

Which of the following is the scope of a variable?

A) The number of characters in the variable's name
B) The portion of the program in which the variable can be accessed
C) The type associated with the variable
D) The structure associated with the variable

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of a language that is based on the object-oriented paradigm?

A) LISP
B) PROLOG
C) C
D) C++

Question 19

Which of the following is ignored by a compiler?

A) Control statements
B) Declarations of constants
C) Function headers
D) Comment statements

Question 20

Which of the following is not a step in the process of translating a program?

A) Executing the program
B) Parsing the program
C) Lexical analysis
D) Code generation

Question 21

To say that a grammar is ambiguous means that ___________________________________________.

Question 22

In programming languages that use + to mean concatenation of character strings,the expression
"2x" + "3x"
will produce what result?
________________

Question 23

Indicate how each of the following types of programming languages is classified in terms of generation (first generation,second generation,or third generation).
A. High-level languages _____________
B. Machine languages _____________
C. Assembly languages _____________

Question 24

Which of the following can Prolog conclude from the following program? parent(jill,sue).
Parent(jill,sally).
Parent(john,sue).
Parent(john,sally).
Sibling(X,Y):- parent(Z,X),parent(Z,Y).

A) parent(jill, john)
B) sister(sue, sally)
C) sibling(sue, sally)
D) sibling(jill, sue)

Question 25

In addition to the function's name,what other information is contained in a typical function header?
____________________________________

Question 26

List four data types that occur as primitive types in many high-level programming languages.
____________________ ____________________
____________________ ____________________

Question 27

In the context of the object-oriented paradigm,a __________________ is an imperative program unit that describes how an object should react to a particular stimulus.

Question 28

In contrast to _______________ languages such as English and Spanish,programming languages are
considered _______________ languages and are rigorously defined by their grammars.

Question 29

What clause would produce the resolvent
P OR R OR S
when resolved with the clause
P OR ¬Q
__________________

Question 30

Based on the sketch of a class definition below,which methods can be invoked from outside an instance of the class?
class Example
{public void method1( )
{ ...}
private void method2( )
{ ...}
public void method3( )
{…}
private void method4( )
{ ...}
}
_________________________________________________________

Question 31

The following is a program segment and the definition of a function named sub.

A. What value will be printed by the program segment if parameters are passed by value?
____________
B. What value will be printed by the program segment if parameters are passed by reference?
____________

Question 32

What general rule should be added to the Prolog program below so that Prolog can conclude that ice cream is better than spinach?
better(icecream,peanutbutter).
better(peanutbutter,spinach).

Question 33

Rewrite the following instructions using a single if- else statement.
if (X == 5)goto 50
goto 60
50 print(Z)
goto 100
60 print(Y)
100 ...

Question 34

The following is a program segment and the definition of a function named sub.

A. What value will be printed by the program segment if X of function sub is a global variable?
___________
B. What value will be printed by the program segment if X of function sub is a local variable?
___________

Question 35

A data structure in which all elements have the same type is called ___________________,whereas a ________________ may have elements of different types.

Question 36

List three items of information that would be contained in a typical parser's symbol table.
________________________
________________________
________________________

Question 37

What encoding system is commonly used to encode data of each of the following types?
A. Integer ___________________________
B. Real __________________________
C. Character ___________________________

Question 38

List two disadvantages of both machine languages and assembly languages that are overcome by high-level programming languages.
_____________________________________
_____________________________________

Question 39

In the context of the object-oriented paradigm,____________ are templates from which
____________ are constructed.We say that the latter is an instance of the former.

Question 40

Give three examples of key words that are often found in high-level imperative or object-oriented languages.
___________________ _____________________ ______________________

Question 41

Briefly describe the task of each of the following.
A.Lexical analyzer
B.Parser
C.Code Generator

Question 42

Explain the distinction between fruitful and void functions.

Question 43

In the context of the object-oriented paradigm,what is a constructor?

Question 44

Explain the distinction between a formal parameter and an actual parameter.

Question 45

Explain why the generation approach to classifying programming languages fails to capture the full scope of today's languages.

Question 46

Explain the distinction between the imperative and declarative programming paradigms.

Question 47

Based on the grammar below,draw a parse tree showing that the string "drip drip drip" is a Leak.

Question 48

Show that the grammar below is ambiguous by drawing two distinct parse trees for the string "drip drip drip."

Question 49

What does it mean to say that a programming language is machine independent?

Question 50

Based on the Prolog program below,what goal should be used to find the siblings of sue?
parent(jill,sue).
parent(jill,sally).
parent(john,sue).
parent(john,sally).
sibling(X,Y):- parent(Z,X),parent(Z,Y).

Question 51

Explain the distinction between translating a program (in a high-level language)and interpreting the program.

Question 52

Explain the distinction between global and local variables.

Question 53

Why is the straightforward "goto" statement no longer popular in high-level programming languages?

Question 54

Explain why key words in a programming language are often reserved words.