Deck 12: Later Hunter-Gatherers and Early Farming Societies in the Americas

Question 1

Because the Americas enjoyed similar ecological conditions there is little diversity in culture in the continent.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Beringia, exposed during glacial periods, lies beneath the Bering Strait.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Dental and molecular evidence suggests that the first Americans derived from northeast Asia.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Clovis is the name given to the first groups to enter the Americas.

Question 5

The term 'Archaic' refers to the period of the earliest Hunter-Gatherer settlers of the Americas.

Question 6

Native copper deposits occur around Lake Superior .

Question 7

Acorns require leaching of harmful toxins before people can safely eat them.

Question 8

Most stone at Poverty Point, Louisiana, was from local sources.

Question 9

Isotope analysis of people in the Stillwater Marsh area of the Great Basin indicated that people exploited marshland and upland environments.

Question 10

People of the Northwest Coast of the Americas never lived in permanent dwellings prior to European colonization.

Question 11

Many present-day food staples in the world were originally domesticated in the Americas.

Question 12

Quinoa and tubers grow in the high altitudes of the Andes.

Question 13

Hopewell sites are located in the central riverine area of Eastern North America.

Question 14

The Hohokam practiced irrigation agriculture.

Question 15

Ballcourts and platform mounds in the American Southwest indicate Mexican influence.

Question 16

Chiefs of Mogollon groups lived in kivas.

Question 17

The Ancestral Pueblo (Anasazi) constructed roads to Chaco Canyon to facilitate the movement of wheeled vehicles.

Question 18

The Ancestral Pueblo (Anasazi) hunted wild animals to supplement their diet of cultivated corn, beans and squash.

Question 19

Cahokia was the largest Chiefdom society of its period in the South East United States.

Question 20

Mound building began with the advent of farming societies.

Question 21

The peopling of the Americas occurred

A) between 30 kyr and 15 kyr ago
B) between 60 kyr and 50 kyr ago
C) between 50 kyr and 40 kyr ago
D) earlier than 60 kyr

Question 22

The most widely accepted route into the Americas by the first settlers is

A) by sea along the Pacific coast
B) across the Pacific from Japan
C) across the Atlantic from Spain following ice flows
D) by land from Siberia to Alaska

Question 23

David Meltzer suggests that sites should meet 3 criteria to authenticate their antiquity, including

A) clear evidence of human presence
B) stratigraphic position in undisturbed deposits
C) radiometric dating
D) all of the previous

Question 24

Which of the following sites do most archaeologists accept as having valid early dates

A) Meadowcroft rockshelter
B) Bluefish Caves
C) Monte Verde
D) Cactus Hill

Question 25

Clovis groups spread rapidly because probably they

A) had to learn about the resources available in an unknown landscape
B) were afraid of the large game
C) were looking for good stone for their spears
D) needed to meet other groups to exchange ideas

Question 26

The Archaic subsistence pattern was predominantly one of broad spectrum exploitation of resources because

A) people got tired of eating the same food all the time
B) the early Holocene environment was one of varied resources
C) there was no available grain food
D) they didn't know how to process maize

Question 27

Before the invention of pottery Archaic people

A) never had hot water
B) heated water in leaves that they tied with cord
C) heated water by dropping hot pebbles into bark, skin and waterproof basket containers
D) heated water in metal containers

Question 28

Burial practices at the Black Earth site in Southern Illinois indicated

A) all the bodies were placed in a flexed position
B) all burials included grave goods
C) grave goods were found only in male graves
D) grave goods were found in male and female graves

Question 29

Earthen mounds constructed in the Eastern Woodlands Archaic

A) may have functioned as territorial markers
B) may have been part of people's belief systems
C) may have been centers of ritual and civic ceremonies
D) possibly all of the previous

Question 30

Many caves in the Great Basin are important archeologically because they

A) were places where people could stay
B) preserve much organic material not usually found on archaeological sites
C) have animal bones
D) are warm in winter

Question 31

Increased aggression between Northwest Coast groups after 4000 years ago may

A) have been to protect territories and resources
B) indicate starvation periods
C) be part of ceremonial ritual
D) indicate groups that are out of control

Question 32

The people from the Channel Islands of Southern California

A) did not hunt dolphin because they did not have boats
B) did not hunt dolphin because they did not have the right fishing gear
C) hunted dolphin, but not very successfully
D) hunted dolphin successfully, but using a simple technology

Question 33

All plant domestication in the Americas occurred in

A) Mexico
B) at least three separate areas
C) the Andean region of South America
D) eastern North America

Question 34

The wild ancestor of maize is

A) chenopodium
B) sunflower
C) teosinte
D) none of the previous

Question 35

The animals domesticated in the Andes are

A) cattle and pigs
B) sheep and goats
C) guinea pigs and camelids
D) horses

Question 36

Hopewell groups

A) made prestige goods from imported raw materials
B) imported prestige goods
C) made prestige goods from local raw materials
D) did not trade with outside groups

Question 37

Groups in the American Southwest

A) domesticated their own plants and the turkey
B) adopted domesticated plants from Mexico but domesticated the turkey
C) adopted domesticated plants and animals from Mexico
D) adopted domesticated plants from Mexico and domesticated camelids from Peru

Question 38

Hohokam burial rites included

A) inhumation in cemeteries
B) burial of cremated remains in pottery jars placed in pits
C) inhumation between houses
D) all of the previous

Question 39

Later Mogollon sites have fewer storage pits than their predecessors because

A) later groups did not practice intensive storage
B) agricultural yields were poor so that there wasn't much food to store
C) they may have begun to use pottery vessels for storage
D) the groups were smaller

Question 40

Differences in skull deformation among Mogollon and Ancestral Pueblo (Anasazi) groups occur because

A) people bound babies' heads in different ways
B) of different styles of cradle-boards that groups used
C) Ancestral Pueblo (Anasazi) groups bound babies heads for a longer time
D) there were no differences in skull deformation

Question 41

What was the Clovis phenomenon?

Question 42

What environmental changes occurred with the onset of Holocene conditions in North America.?

Question 43

Discuss the causes of megafaunal extinctions.

Question 44

How do developments in technology reflect subsistence patterns in the Archaic?

Question 45

How do bioarchaeological studies add to our understanding of the way of life of people living in the Stillwater Marsh area of the Great Basin?

Question 46

What were the first domesticated plants in the Americas, and where were they domesticated?

Question 47

What were the consequences of agriculture in Eastern North America?

Question 48

Compare the construction techniques evident in structures in Hohokam, Mogollon, and Ancestral Pueblo (Anasazi) sites.

Question 49

What was the Chaco system?

Question 50

Evaluate the role of trade in early agricultural communities in North America.

Question 51

Evaluate the evidence for the pre-Clovis peopling of the Americas.

Question 52

What evidence is there for social complexity in the Archaic?

Question 53

Describe and assess developments in ritual activity in the Archaic.

Question 54

What do the earthen mounds of Eastern North America represent?

Question 55

Compare the ritual practices of agricultural communities in Eastern North America with the American Southwest.