Deck 11: Efficacy and Effectiveness of School-Based Consultation

Question 1

Some of the criticisms of the study of the effectiveness of consultation is that the focus primarily has been upon _______ .

A) student outcomes
B) soft outcomes
C) hard outcomes
D) educator outcomes

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Gravois (2012) explains that researchers must explicitly articulate their decisions regarding whether they are investigating changes in _______ as a part of their theoretical or conceptual descriptions.

A) student variables
B) teacher variables
C) system variables
D) all of the above

Answer 2

D

Question 3

________ is one of the predictors that an individual will try to execute a new skill, as confidence in one's success appears to be predictive of the willingness to attempt a behavior.

A) Self-efficacy
B) Self-esteem
C) Self-assurance
D) Morale

Answer 3

A

Question 4

This model of supervision is widely utilized in the medical profession to assess for satisfactory clinical performance. It allows for the supervisor to develop simulated clinical situations of consultation skills.

A) Ronnestad and Skovholt's Model
B) Psychodynamic Approach
C) Miller's Pyramid of Clinical Competence
D) Integrated Development Model

Question 5

_________ is a common methodological approach that is used to synthesize quantitative data from multiple, related studies, and in doing so, offering evidence for a particular intervention.

A) Repeated-cross-sectional
B) Cross-sectional
C) Metasynthesis
D) Meta-analysis

Question 6

This approach is a synthesis of qualitative data and can be accomplished in a manner that is analogous to the synthesis of quantitative data. Newman and colleagues (2017) use this approach to describe the application of the methodology to educational research.

A) Meta-analysis
B) Qualitative metasynthesis
C) Ethnographic research
D) Focus groups

Question 7

This type of consultation does not include a specific implementation protocol, which may disallow numeric constructs to be used as a measure of treatment integrity.

A) Consultee-Centered Consultation
B) Behavioral/Problem-olving Consultation
C) Organizational Consultation
D) None of the above

Question 8

In research evaluating the efficacy of ICTs, researchers have found ____ of the cases handled by the IC team met goals.

A) 25%
B) 35%
C) 85%
D) 90%

Question 9

Fudell, Gravois, and Rosenfield (1994) developed a level-of-implementation measure for instructional consultation teams (ICT). This step is used to ensure _______ .

A) the appropriate level at which the consultative intervention should be implemented
B) treatment integrity to facilitate an accurate assessment of intervention effectiveness
C) that all consultative constituents are ready for the next step of the consultative process
D) treatment goals are met at the appropriate level

Question 10

Kaiser, Gravois, and Rosenfield (2009) found, through qualitative data, that through IC, teachers became more confident in their ability to ______.

A) handle similar problems with students in the future
B) develop strategies and practical instructional skills as a result of participating IC
C) increase their anticipated use of the strategies and skills learned with other students.
D) all of the above

Question 11

There is ______ research examining the outcomes of mental health consultative (MHC) processes.

A) extensive
B) limited
C) conflicting
D) consistent

Question 12

Supporters of MHC argue that _____.

A) interpersonal issues are subjective and are difficult to measure without interference
B) research shows the effectiveness of the use of other derivatives in conjunction with MHC
C) an eclectic approach of techniques proves to be the most effective when using this model
D) none of the above

Question 13

Through single-case study designs, researchers have concluded that Behavioral Consultation is effective in promoting _____ behavior changes.

A) new
B) passive
C) positive
D) observable

Question 14

Behavior Consultation and what derivative approach contributes to a reduction in students' inappropriate behavior?

A) Frequency observations
B) Reinforcement schedules
C) Functional Behavioral Assessment with a therapeutic condition
D) Functional Behavioral Assessment with a consultation condition

Question 15

In a review of 18 parent consultation studies, in which academic (homework completion), social and emotional (social skills), and behavioral (aggression) concerns were targeted, Guli (2005) found that the Conjoint Behavioral Consultation (CBC) model was the more effective in producing positive changes in the school setting than which of the following approaches?

A) Behavioral Consultation
B) Organizational Consultation
C) Adlerian Consultation
D) Solution-focused Consultation

Question 16

The interventions used associated with this model have received more research support than the model itself.

A) Client Centered Consultation
B) Behavioral Consultation
C) Social Cognitive Theory Consultation
D) Organizational Consultation

Question 17

What other factors may be related to the effectiveness of SCTC?

A) Motivation and Self-Efficacy
B) Motivation and Self-Esteem
C) Resilience and Self-Esteem
D) Resilience and Self-Efficacy

Question 18

Researchers examining the use of what theory in teacher encouragement have also found an improvement in student on-task behaviors?

A) Adlerian Consultation
B) Solution-focused Consultation
C) Organizational Consultation
D) Social Cognitive Theory Consultation

Question 19

In an examination of a consultation model employed by educational psychologists that integrated appreciative inquiry and solution-focused thinking in assisting teachers to promote students' emotional and social skill development, investigators found that teachers believed that the model increased their _______.

A) professional development
B) self-efficacy
C) unconditional positive regard
D) all of the above

Question 20

One challenge to outcome studies for Organization and Systems Consultation is that such initiatives are used to change ______.

A) administrative perceptions regarding the teacher and student
B) the fundamental aspects of the teaching process
C) the fundamental aspects of the schooling experience through the way in which the school organization functions
D) consultees' motivation by working on increasing self-efficacy

Question 21

What are the potential outcomes if research consultation's variables are not explicitly articulated through the theoretical or conceptual descriptions?

Question 22

When using Miller's Pyramid of Clinical Competence (1990), how are students' development represented?

Question 23

What are the obstacles to conducting reviews such as a qualitative metasynthesis as it pertains to school-based consultation?

Question 24

Identify barriers and methodological issues concerning Behavioral Consultation.

Question 25

What is the consultant's role in Social Cognitive Theory Consultation and how does it occur?

Question 26

Newman and colleagues (2017) describe their study as based from a constructivist worldview using grounded theory methodology and methods. Five themes were found to emerge from the data. Discuss and describe these five themes, as well as identify any relevant subthemes from the study.

Question 27

Several consultative theories, including Instructional Consultation (IC), Mental Health Consultation (MHC), Conjoint Behavioral Consultation (CBC), Social Cognitive Theory Consultation (SCTC), and Organizational and Systems Consultation (OSC) have documented effectiveness throughout the literature. Compare and contrast the effectiveness of these theories and include strengths and weaknesses of each selected theory.

Question 28

There have been some criticisms of the study of the effectiveness of consultation. What variable(s) should future evaluative research focus on to measure the effectiveness of school-based consultation? What empirical measures should be considered to measure the effectiveness of these variables?

Question 29

Research has found that cases handled by the IC team had largely met the goals set forth in the process. What were the benefits and positive educational outcomes of the process?

Question 30

ICT has created impactful results on student achievement. What is the impact of these results and what implications does it have in school systems?

Question 31

Gottfredson (1993) described the use of the ODC method in a 3-year program designed to improve student behavior in middle schools (Gottfredson, Gottfredson, & Hybl, 1993). In this program, the program development evaluation method was used to address the causes of misbehavior. What five aspects did the program focus on?

Question 32

This chapter outlines an extensive empirical base for the effectiveness of school-based consultation. What consultative models appear to have the most research documenting their effectiveness? Which consultative models appear to document a lack of evidence?