Deck 18: General Design Classifications for Selection of Difference Statistical Methods

Question 1

A researcher is doing a 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design. How many independent variables does this study have?

A) 16
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 8

Answer 1

4

Question 2

The above design is an example of:

A) Between-groups design
B) Within-subjects design
C) Mixed design
D) None of the above

Answer 2

Between-groups design

Question 3

Sister Wendy is studying differences between art styles (classic versus modern), genders, and ages (young, middle, and old). Her design would be classified as:

A) 2 × 2 × 3 factorial design
B) 2 × 2 × 3 factorial design with repeated measures on the 3^rd factor
C) 2 × 2 × 3 factorial design with repeated measures on all factors
D) 2 × 3 factorial design
E) 2 × 3 × 4 factorial design

Answer 3

2 × 2 × 3 factorial design

Question 4

Ally McBeal is doing a study. She is interested in the effects of gender, ethnicity, and diet on weight loss. Ethnicity has 5 categories. Every participant receives a diet of 1200 calories/day, first with a low fat menu for one week and then with a no fat menu for another week. What type of design is this?

A) Single-factor repeated-measures design with 3 levels
B) 2 × 5 × 2 factorial design
C) 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design
D) 2 × 5 × 2 factorial design with repeated measures on all factors
E) 2 × 5 × 2 factorial design with repeated measures on the 3^rd factor

Question 5

A researcher is studying medication compliance with three types of antibiotics. Each participant is measured for compliance for all three antibiotics. If the researcher requires 10 participants for each condition, how many participants (total) will be required for the study?

A) 30
B) 10
C) 60
D) Unable to determine

Question 6

The within-subjects design has appeal for the following reason(s):

A) Increased error variance
B) Each participant serves as his/her own control
C) A decrease in carryover effects
D) b and c

Question 7

Within-subjects designs may have the following problem(s):

A) Carryover effects
B) Order effects
C) Reduced error variance
D) a and b

Question 8

A researcher is studying fear of flying with a flight simulator. One group of participants will receive an uneventful trip and the other group encounters turbulence. Due to the confined space in the simulator, the researcher matches pairs of participants on claustrophobia before the study and then assigns them randomly to the groups. In regard to data analysis, what type of general design classification would this be?

A) Between-groups design
B) Within-groups design
C) Mixed design
D) None of the above

Question 9

A researcher is studying the effects of caffeine on sleeplessness (measured as the amount of time spent awake in a 24 hour period). A group of participants are randomly assigned to one of three groups (no caffeine, low caffeine, high caffeine). What type of general design classification is this?

A) Between-groups design
B) Within-subjects design
C) Mixed design
D) Associational design

Question 10

A researcher is studying the effects of salicylates on hearing. A group of participants who are on the same salicylate regimen for arthritis are followed over 6 months. Hearing tests are conducted at the start of the study and at two-month intervals until the end of the study. What type of general design classification is this?

A) Between-groups design
B) Within-subjects design
C) Mixed design
D) Associational design

Question 11

The above study (#10) is an example of a:

A) 2 × 2 between groups design
B) 2 × 2 mixed design with repeated measures on the last factor
C) Single factor repeated measures design with 4 levels
D) Single factor repeated measures design with 8 levels

Question 12

A researcher is studying the effects of saturated fats on cholesterol level. She randomly assigns a group of participants to one of four groups (no saturated fat, low saturated fat, medium saturated fat, high saturated fat). The participants are on their specified diets for one month. The researcher measures cholesterol levels at the beginning and end of the study. What type of design classification is this?

A) Between-groups design
B) Within-subjects design
C) Mixed design
D) Associational design

Question 13

The above study (#12) is an example of a:

A) 4 × 2 design with repeated measures on both factors
B) 4 × 2 mixed design with repeated measures
C) Single-factor design with 4 levels
D) 2 × 2 × 2 design with repeated measures on the last two factors

Question 14

Between groups designs are defined as designs where each participant in the research is in one and only one condition or group.

Question 15

Randomized experimental, quasi-experimental, and associational approaches all fit within one of three categories or labels known as "general design classification".

Question 16

The one group pretest-posttest design is an example of a mixed design.

Question 17

The independent variable in a between-groups design must be an active IV.

Question 18

The independent variable is a within-subjects design is usually an attribute IV.

Question 19

The Solomon four-group design is a mixed design that measures pretest effects.

Question 20

What is the difference between within-subjects designs and between-groups designs?

Question 21

What do the numbers in a "3 × 4 × 2 factorial design" indicate?

Question 22

Using Figure 18.1 in the text , diagram a pretest-posttest nonequivalent comparison-group design.