Deck 5: Fresh-water and Marine Communities

Question 1

Transpiration is the process by which water

A) enters an aquifer.
B) evaporates from the stomata.
C) is taken in by the roots.
D) loss is prevented during photosynthesis.
E) none of the above

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The compensation point occurs where

A) sufficient light is available that photosynthesis balances respiration.
B) plants must compensate for water loss.
C) respiration compensates for lost photosynthesis.
D) transpiration is balanced by evaporation.
E) none of the above

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Two streams without tributaries that join together form a

A) river.
B) creek.
C) 3rd order stream.
D) 2nd order stream.
E) none of the above

Answer 3

D

Question 4

In the river continuum

A) autochthonous sources are most important near the headwaters.
B) the gradient is highest where the river is largest.
C) phytoplankton are important energy sources in the lower river.
D) oxygen is usually higher in the lower river.
E) none of the above

Question 5

Lakes become stratified

A) because waters of different density tend not to mix.
B) the thermocline disappears.
C) the epilimnion lies above the hypolimnion.
D) oxygen is limiting.
E) none of the above

Question 6

The salt in oceans

A) is constant across the earth's oceans.
B) usually exceeds 3.8 percent.
C) depends entirely on inputs from land.
D) is no longer in equilibrium.
E) none of the above

Question 7

The biological pump in the ocean

A) circulates oxygen.
B) moves carbon toward the surface.
C) moves carbon to deeper waters.
D) is independent of the atmosphere.
E) none of the above

Question 8

Swamps are characterized by

A) woody vegetation.
B) herbaceous vegetation.
C) constant water levels.
D) no hydroperiod.
E) none of the above

Question 9

Which of the following is not characteristic of bogs?

A) They are typically found at high latitude.
B) They are characterized by low pH.
C) They are characterized by multiple water outlets.
D) Sphagnum moss is a dominant plant species.
E) none of the above

Question 10

Which of the following is a mismatch?

A) pelagic zone/shallow water
B) benthic zone/deepest water
C) profundal zone/below the compensation point
D) littoral zone/shallow water
E) none of the above

Question 11

Which of the following is not true of coral reefs?

A) The have high species diversity.
B) They occur only where the water temperature exceeds 20^oC.
C) Corals form the substrate and habitat for other species.
D) Photosynthesis is performed by zooxanthellae.
E) none of the above

Question 12

The red mangrove

A) does not reproduce by seed.
B) pioneers new mangrove swamps.
C) is the least salt tolerant species of mangrove.
D) cannot tolerate tidal changes.
E) none of the above

Question 13

The critical physical factor in an estuary is

A) wave action.
B) tidal surge.
C) the presence of tide pools.
D) salinity.
E) none of the above

Question 14

Tide pools

A) form only on soft substrates.
B) maintain constant abiotic factors.
C) are filled only at high tide.
D) contain only sessile animals.
E) none of the above

Question 15

Terminal lakes form

A) in basins with no outlet.
B) where 12th order streams join.
C) are usually eutrophic.
D) often have very high species diversity.
E) none of the above

Question 16

Mangrove communities

A) are important habitat for marine animal reproduction.
B) have no economic value.
C) are composed of herbaceous vegetation.
D) have extreme tidal range.
E) none of the above

Question 17

Aquatic biomes are identified by the dominant vegetation.

Question 18

Swamps and marshes are synonymous terms.

Question 19

The salt concentration of the oceans is slowly increasing.

Question 20

Short-wavelength light penetrates water more deeply than long-wavelength light.

Question 21

The atmosphere is an important source of both carbon and oxygen in aquatic systems.

Question 22

When CO₂ dissolves in a lake it increases the pH.

Question 23

Oxygen is produced in the hypolimnion.

Question 24

The highest density of water occurs at 4^oC.

Question 25

Tidal ranges tend to be higher at high latitude.

Question 26

Wetlands are defined as habitats that are always flooded.

Question 27

Excess production by photosynthesis in aquatic systems is known as __________ .

Question 28

The hydrologic cycle is driven by __________ and __________.

Question 29

Energy sources from within an aquatic system are known as __________ sources; external energy sources are known as __________ sources.

Question 30

__________ are the product of wind-generated circular rotation of water whereas wind and the Coriolis force generates __________.

Question 31

Match the Aquatic system community with corresponding feature
-rivers and streams

A)Carnivorous plants
B)low productivity
C)high species diversity
D)tide pools
E)threatened by dams
F)salt tolerant woody plants
G)strong salinity gradients
H)thermocline
I)waterfowl breeding habitat
J)cypress "knees"

Question 32

Match the Aquatic system community with corresponding feature
-lakes and ponds

A)Carnivorous plants
B)low productivity
C)high species diversity
D)tide pools
E)threatened by dams
F)salt tolerant woody plants
G)strong salinity gradients
H)thermocline
I)waterfowl breeding habitat
J)cypress "knees"

Question 33

Match the Aquatic system community with corresponding feature
-marsh

A)Carnivorous plants
B)low productivity
C)high species diversity
D)tide pools
E)threatened by dams
F)salt tolerant woody plants
G)strong salinity gradients
H)thermocline
I)waterfowl breeding habitat
J)cypress "knees"

Question 34

Match the Aquatic system community with corresponding feature
-swamp

A)Carnivorous plants
B)low productivity
C)high species diversity
D)tide pools
E)threatened by dams
F)salt tolerant woody plants
G)strong salinity gradients
H)thermocline
I)waterfowl breeding habitat
J)cypress "knees"

Question 35

Match the Aquatic system community with corresponding feature
-bogs

A)Carnivorous plants
B)low productivity
C)high species diversity
D)tide pools
E)threatened by dams
F)salt tolerant woody plants
G)strong salinity gradients
H)thermocline
I)waterfowl breeding habitat
J)cypress "knees"

Question 36

Match the Aquatic system community with corresponding feature
-open ocean

A)Carnivorous plants
B)low productivity
C)high species diversity
D)tide pools
E)threatened by dams
F)salt tolerant woody plants
G)strong salinity gradients
H)thermocline
I)waterfowl breeding habitat
J)cypress "knees"

Question 37

Match the Aquatic system community with corresponding feature
-coral reef

A)Carnivorous plants
B)low productivity
C)high species diversity
D)tide pools
E)threatened by dams
F)salt tolerant woody plants
G)strong salinity gradients
H)thermocline
I)waterfowl breeding habitat
J)cypress "knees"

Question 38

Match the Aquatic system community with corresponding feature
-mangrove swamp

A)Carnivorous plants
B)low productivity
C)high species diversity
D)tide pools
E)threatened by dams
F)salt tolerant woody plants
G)strong salinity gradients
H)thermocline
I)waterfowl breeding habitat
J)cypress "knees"

Question 39

Match the Aquatic system community with corresponding feature
-rocky intertidal

A)Carnivorous plants
B)low productivity
C)high species diversity
D)tide pools
E)threatened by dams
F)salt tolerant woody plants
G)strong salinity gradients
H)thermocline
I)waterfowl breeding habitat
J)cypress "knees"

Question 40

Match the Aquatic system community with corresponding feature
-estuary

A)Carnivorous plants
B)low productivity
C)high species diversity
D)tide pools
E)threatened by dams
F)salt tolerant woody plants
G)strong salinity gradients
H)thermocline
I)waterfowl breeding habitat
J)cypress "knees"