Deck 10: Analysis of Variance Anova

Question 1

Researchers studied pain among a sample of 1200 hospitalized patients. Study participants were divided into three age groups to assess differences in distress from pain (scale of 0-10). Which test would be appropriate?

A) A paired t-test was appropriate because the patients were all from the same hospital.
B) An independent t-test because the age groups are not related.
C) ANOVA because three groups are being compared and the outcome variable is at a ratio level.
D) Repeat measures ANOVA because the subjects got one year older annually and the act as their own control group.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Researchers studied anxiety among a sample of 1200 hospitalized patients. Study participants were divided into three age groups and an ANOVA test was utilized to assess differences in distress from anxiety (scale of 0-10). The researchers report that those 65 years and younger had higher distress from anxiety compared to the two other age groups. You know this means:

A) The researchers should have completed a paired t-test because the patients were all from the same hospital.
B) The F statistic was significant.
C) The p value was > alpha in the 65 and under age group.
D) A type I error was made because the researchers did not use a repeat measures ANOVA.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

A study examines educational preparation and the average score on a cultural competency exam. Subjects included are nurses with an associate's degree, nurses with a baccalaureate degree, nurses with a master's degree, and nurses with a doctoral degree all of whom complete a survey of 40 questions. What test would be appropriate to determine if there is a significant difference in the average scores among the nurses with the different levels of educational preparation?

A) Chi-Square
B) Independent t-test
C) Outcome Analysis
D) ANOVA

Answer 3

A

Question 4

A researcher conducts an ANOVA analysis and reports no differences in average certification exam test scores for nurses identified as Baby Boomers, Millennials or Generation X. You would expect to see:

A) An F value close to 1
B) A p value less than alpha
C) A large sample size
D) A type I error

Question 5

A researcher conducts an ANOVA analysis and reports no differences in average certification exam test scores for nurses identified as Baby Boomers, Millennials or Generation X. If this result is INCORRECT you know it is:

A) A Type I error
B) Too large of a sample
C) Because a repeat measures ANOVA should have been utilized
D) A type II error

Question 6

A researcher conducts an ANOVA analysis and reports no differences in average certification exam test scores for nurses identified as Baby Boomers, Millennials or Generation X. If this result is CORRECT you know:

A) Your p value is greater than alpha
B) It is too large of a sample
C) It is a type II error
D) All nurses are equally engaged in their clinical performance.

Question 7

You are conducting a study with twenty-five randomly selected participants in a methadone rehabilitation program. You measure the withdrawal index for all the participants at the beginning of the study, after one week of daily guided meditation practice, and then after one week on a new herbal supplement. An appropriate test to use would be:

A) T-test for dependent groups
B) Repeat measures ANOVA
C) Chi Square
D) Logistic Regression

Question 8

You are conducting a study with fifty-eight randomly selected participants in a dolophine rehabilitation program. You measure the withdrawal index for all the participants at the beginning of the study, after one week of SSRI treatment, and then after one week of art therapy. This study design may be problematic because of:

A) recall bias
B) degrees of freedom
C) carry-over effects
D) lack of independence

Question 9

You have five groups using different exercise techniques and you want to compare the average number of pounds lost. What test would be appropriate?
E) T-test
F) ANOVA
G) Pearson's Correlation Coefficient
H) Chi-square

Question 10

A study utilizes ANOVA to examine the average distribution rates of an antibiotic in infants, toddlers and school age children. The results include an F statistic that is 1.04. You know this means:

A) There is a statistically significant difference in the average distribution rates in the three groups.
B) Infants distribute the antibiotic faster because they have a higher percentage of fluid in their bodies.
C) The differences between the groups are similar to the differences within the groups.
D) There is NOT a statistically significant difference in between the groups.

Question 11

A study compares the average blood sugar in young adults, middle aged adults and the elderly after receiving a Thiazolidinedione drug. An appropriate test to utilize would be:

A) independent t-test
B) dependent t-test
C) Chi-square
D) ANOVA

Question 12

A study utilizes repeat measures ANOVA to examine the impact of using 3 months of suppressive treatment with acyclovir immediately followed by 3 months of a new antiviral medication on HSV 2 lesions. The researchers conclude that the new antiviral medication is significantly better at reducing HSV 2 lesions. You are not confident in this results because you are concerned about:

A) carry-over effects
B) inadequate power
C) homogeneity of variance
D) inadequate sample size

Question 13

You are trying to determine if there is a significant difference in the mean age between patients who have developed a nosocomial infection while admitted to your adult surgical unit, your adult medical unit and your cardiac ICU. What would be an appropriate test to use?

A) Chi-square
B) T-test for independent groups
C) ANOVA
D) Repeat measures ANOVA

Question 14

You are trying to determine if there is a significant difference in the mean Glasgow coma scale score for patients who are seen with a head injury during the day, evening and night shifts in your emergency room. Your ANOVA results have an F value of 22.33 and a p value of <0.01. You know this means:

A) There is a significant difference in the mean Glasgow coma scale score for patients seen with a head injury on the three different shifts.
B) There is NOT significant difference in the mean Glasgow coma scale score for patients seen with a head injury on the three different shifts.
C) A type I error was made.
D) A type II error was made.

Question 15

You are trying to determine if there is a significant difference in the mean Glasgow coma scale score for patients who are seen with a head injury during the day, evening and night shifts in your emergency room. Your ANOVA results have an F value of 3.74 p value of 0.07. You know this means:

A) There is a significant difference in the mean Glasgow coma scale score for patients seen with a head injury on the three different shifts.
B) There is NOT significant difference in the mean Glasgow coma scale score for patients seen with a head injury on the three different shifts.
C) A type I error was made.
D) A type II error was made.

Question 16

Researchers design a study to assess the score achieve on Beck's depression inventory before 59 patients begin a group therapy intervention and after 6 weeks, 12 weeks and 6 month after completion. An appropriate statistical test to use would be:

A) t-test for independent groups
B) t-test for dependent groups
C) repeat measures ANOVA
D) multiple regression

Question 17

$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\text { ANOVA }$
$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\text { About how often do you pray? }$
$\begin{array}{|l|c|c|c|c|c|}\hline & \begin{array}{c}\text { Sum of } \\\text { Squares }\end{array} & \text { df } & \begin{array}{c}\text { Mean } \\\text { Square }\end{array} & \text { F }& \text { Sig } \\\hline \text { Between Groups } & 566.937 & 4 & 141.734 & 72.776 &.000\\\hline \text { Within Groups } & 1269.716 & 643 & 1.975 & \\\hline \text { Total } & 1836.653 & 647 & & \\\hline\end{array}$
Researchers asked patients who identified as Catholic, Protestant, Jewish, Muslim and Other how many times a month they usually prayed to see if there was a significant difference between the groups. The reported the above information. What should they conclude?

A) There are statistically significant difference in the number of times a month the groups pray.
B) There are no statistically significant differences in the number of times a month the groups pray.
C) The Levene's test is significant.
D) Catholics prayed more than those identified as Other.

Question 18

Researchers examine the relationship between marital status and physical activity and report a statistically significant association (F=6.11, p=0.022). If the researchers are incorrect you know this is what type of error?

A) Type I
B) Type II
C) Type III
D) Unable to determine

Question 19

Researchers use ANOVA to examine the relationship between primary language spoken and number of hospital admissions and report a statistically significant association (F=6.11, p=0.022). You know this means:

A) Speaking English is associated with fewer hospital admissions
B) The average number of hospital admissions differs significantly among the groups of primary language speakers.
C) The within group variation is similar to the between group variation.
D) There is a significant difference in the average number of hospital admissions between all of the groups.

Question 20

Researchers wish to examine the relationship between primary language spoken and average number of hospital admissions. They assess patients who speak English, Spanish, French, Arabic, and Swahili. An appropriate test to use is:

A) t-test for independent groups
B) t-test for dependent groups
C) ANOVA
D) Chi-square