Deck 2: Risk Based Inspection

Question 1

Potential source of errors in RBI analysis regarding data quality are the following except

A) If the base line thickness were not performed the nominal thickness may be used for the original thickness
B) If original thickness not available, averaged at thickness readings may be used
C) If the original thickness not available, maximum at thickness readings may be used

Answer 1

A

Question 2

RBI may include methodologies to assess the effectiveness of the management systems in maintaining

A) Mechanical integrity
B) Total asset integrity
C) Plant integrity

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The models are evaluated _____________ to provide both qualitative and quantitative insights about the level of risk and to identify the design, site, or operational characteristics that are the most important to risk

A) Probabilistically
B) Statistically
C) Linearly
D) Logically

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The following assumption can be made that significantly impact the calculated corrosion rate early in the equipment life

A) If the base line thickness were not performed the nominal thickness may be used for the original thickness
B) If original thickness not available, averaged at thickness readings may be used
C) If the original thickness not available, maximum at thickness readings may be used

Question 5

Potential source of errors in RBI analysis regarding data quality are the following except

A) Assumptions in equipment history
B) Outdated drawings and documentation
C) Inspector error
D) Advanced inspection methods

Question 6

___________ is usually not the primary objective of a RBI assessment, but it is frequently a side effect of optimization.

A) Reducing inspection costs
B) Increasing inspection costs
C) Increasing frequency of inspection programs

Question 7

_________ are the primary inputs into the probability of failure evaluation.

A) The deterioration mechanisms, rates and susceptibilities
B) Loss of containment f fluid
C) Fluid toxicity and its concentration
D) Damage mechanisms and its severity

Question 8

________________ may result in the calculated corrosion rate appearing artificially high or low.

A) Clerical error
B) Measurement error
C) Inspector error
D) At scanning

Question 9

Who should be consulted to define the equipment deterioration mechanisms, susceptibility and potential failure modes?

A) A metallurgist or corrosion specialist
B) A metallurgist and corrosion specialist
C) A metallurgist only
D) Corrosion specialist only

Question 10

Is key to performing deterioration mechanism identification

A) Understanding equipment operation and the interaction with the chemical and mechanical environment
B) Understanding equipment operation and process upsets
C) Understanding equipment operation and its safety protective measures

Question 11

Loss of containment is

A) Loss of fluid to the external environment
B) Container loss at the port authority
C) Risk related to containers
D) B&C

Question 12

______________ to be established to judge acceptability of risk could he an objective of the RBI assessment if such criteria do not exist already within the user's company.

A) Risk criteria
B) Risk plan
C) Risk analysis

Question 13

When the inspection program is optimized based on an understanding of risk, one or more of the following cost reduction benefits may be realized. Except one

A) Ineffective, unnecessary or inappropriate inspection activities may be eliminated
B) Effective, necessary or appropriate inspection activities may be eliminated
C) On-line or non-invasive inspection methods may be substituted for invasive methods that require equipment shutdown
D) More effective infrequent inspections may be substituted for less effective frequent inspections

Question 14

Generally, a qualitative analysis using broad ranges requires a __________________ from the user than a quantitative approach.

A) Higher level of judgment, skill and understanding
B) Lower level of judgment, skill and understanding

Question 15

The following are the risks identified by RBI assessment that may be managed by actions other than inspection. Except one

A) Modification of the process to eliminate conditions driving the risk
B) Modification of operating procedures to avoid situations driving the risk
C) Chemical treatment of the process to reduce deterioration rates/susceptibilities
D) Identifying and detecting deterioration and predicting future deterioration states with advanced inspection technique(s)

Question 16

Equipment reliability is especially important if leaks can be caused by

A) Secondary failures, such as loss of utilities
B) Primary failures such as leak due to severe corrosion
C) Tertiary failures due to valve gland packing leak

Question 17

The amount and type of codes and standards used by a facility can have

A) Significant impact on RBI results
B) No impact on RBI results
C) Less significant impact on RBI results

Question 18

For qualitative RBI analysis it is important to establish a set of rules to assure consistency in

A) Categorization or classification
B) Segregation
C) Ranking

Question 19

The data validation step stresses the need for a knowledgeable individual.

A) To comparing data from the inspections to the expected deterioration mechanism and rates
B) To compare the results with previous measurements on that system
C) Similar systems at the site or within the company or published data
D) All of the above

Question 20

Reliability efforts, such as reliability centered maintenance (REM), can be linked with RBI, resulting in an integrated program to

A) Reduce downtime in an operating unit
B) Reduce operating time of a unit
C) To reduce risk by mitigation activities

Question 21

The type of failure mode that likely to occur due to SSC

A) Small holes to rupture
B) Small holes
C) Cracks
D) Only rupture

Question 22

Other functional failures are usually covered within

A) RBI
B) RCM
C) PHA
D) HAZOP

Question 23

Following are the common mechanical deterioration mechanisms except

A) Fatigue
B) Stress/creep rupture
C) Tensile overload
D) Intergranular corrosion

Question 24

____________ are often necessary to establish susceptibility of equipment to stress corrosion cracking.

A) Literature, expert opinion and experience
B) Cracking mechanisms
C) Damage mechanisms
D) Fluid toxicity and its constituents

Question 25

The type of failure mode that likely to occur due to mechanical and metallurgical deterioration

A) Small holes to ruptures
B) Cracks
C) Catastrophic ruptures
D) Leaks

Question 26

Depending on the methodology employed in qualitative analysis, the categories may be described with words such as

A) High, medium or low or may have numerical descriptors.
B) High, medium or low only
C) Numerical descriptors only

Question 27

Sec occurs when equipment is exposed to environments

A) Conducive to certain cracking mechanisms
B) Unfavorable to certain cracking mechanisms
C) Unbeneficial to certain cracking mechanisms

Question 28

Following are the critical variables for deterioration mechanism except

A) Material of construction
B) Process operating
C) Start up and shut down conditions
D) Insulation

Question 29

Who can provide useful input (such as the spectrum of process conditions, injection points etc.) To aid materials specialists in the identification of deterioration mechanisms and rates

A) Process specialists
B) Plant operation specialists
C) Asset integrity experts
D) Inspection engineers

Question 30

The ability to state the rate of deterioration precisely is affected by the following except

A) By equipment complexity
B) Type of deterioration mechanism, process and metallurgical variations
C) Inaccessibility for inspection, limitations of inspection and test methods
D) Lack of coverage of an area subject to deterioration
E) None of the above

Question 31

If multiple inspections have been performed, which inspection may best reflect current operating conditions?

A) Most recent inspection
B) Base line inspection survey
C) Process conditions
D) Corrosion survey

Question 32

When in accurate or insufficient failure data exists on the specific equipment item for quantitate probability of failure analysis then

A) General industry, company or manufacturer failure data used
B) Process hazard analysis failure data may be used
C) Process and toxic concentration analysis may be used

Question 33

Damage mechanisms where deterioration rates are immeasurable or unknown are

A) Stress corrosion cracking
B) Hydrogen induced cracking
C) Thinning
D) All of the above
E) Both A and B

Question 34

Deterioration rates can be expressed in terms of

A) Corrosion rates for thinning or susceptibility for mechanisms where deterioration rate is unknown
B) Corrosion rates for thinning only
C) Immeasurable quantity
D) Discrete numbers
E) Susceptible rates only

Question 35

_________________curves are referred for the deterioration mechanism for carbon and low ally steel materials.

A) Nelson curves
B) PH concentration curves
C) Schmidt curves for sulfide corrosion

Question 36

Consequence analysis will aid in preparation of

A) Risk ranking of equipment
B) To understand the probability of failures
C) To understand about equipment history

Question 37

Probability side of the risk equation is normally managed by

A) Plant inspectors or inspection engineers
B) Maintenance planning engineers
C) Process safety personnel
D) A&B

Question 38

If a very aggressive acid is carried over from a corrosion resistant part of a system into a downstream vessel that is made of carbon steel, the result would be

A) Rapid corrosion could result in failure in a few hours or days.
B) General corrosion over a period of time could result in metal loss
C) No deterioration will take place since carbon steel is resistant to aggressive acid

Question 39

The type of failure mode that likely to occur due to pitting

A) Small hole sized leaks
B) Small holes to ruptures
C) Cracks
D) Catastrophic rupture

Question 40

The type of failure mode that likely to occur due thinning

A) Larger leaks or rupture
B) Only rupture
C) Metal loss
D) Cracks

Question 41

The primary work products of the RBI assessment and management approach and implementation of RBI provides

A) Overall reduction of risk and acceptance of current risk
B) Overall increase of risk and acceptance of risk
C) Overall reduction of risk and negligence of current risk
D) Overall increase of risk and negligence of current risk

Question 42

In most consequence evaluations, a key element in deter-mining the magnitude of the consequence is

A) The volume of fluid released
B) Amount of surface area exposed due to toxic release
C) Physical area impacted by release

Question 43

The risk assessment programme which focuses on process unit design and operating practices and their adequacy given the unit's current or anticipated operating conditions

A) RBI
B) PHA
C) HAZOP
D) RCM

Question 44

The RBI program for environmental consequences, typically focuses

A) On acute and immediate environmental risks, rather than chronic risks from low-level emissions  
B) On acute and immediate chronic risks than immediate environmental risks
C) Non threat environmental risks

Question 45

Reliability efforts, such as reliability centered maintenance (RCM), can be linked with RBI, resulting in an integrated program to

A) Reduce downtime in an operating unit
B) Reduce operating time of a unit
C) To reduce risk by mitigation activities

Question 46

Following will cover the functional failures except

A) Heat exchanger tube failure
B) Pressure relief device failure
C) Rotating equipment failure ^
D) Static equipment failure due to process environment

Question 47

The programme that focused on maintaining the mechanical integrity of pressure equipment items and minimizing the risk of loss of containment due to deterioration

A) RBI
B) PHA
C) Rem
D) Hazop

Question 48

Results of quantitative consequence analysis are usually expressed in

A) Numeric
B) Ranges from high to low
C) Frequency
D) Occasion

Question 49

RBI is based on

A) Sound, proven risk assessment and management principles
B) Risk mitigation principles
C) HAZOP principles
D) PHA principles

Question 50

Qualitative consequence analysis of failure can be estimated separately for each unit, system, equipment group or individual equipment item.

A) On the basis of expert knowledge and experience
B) On the basis of available data
C) On the basis of process and environmental conditions
D) No basis required since it is qualitative

Question 51

FILL BLANK _________ produces inspection and maintenance plans for equipment that should be implemented to provide ____________

Question 52

FILL BLANK RBI as an integrated management tool that complements___________

Question 53

Maintenance impact will generally be measured in monetary term and typically includes:

A) Repairs and equipment replacement
B) Method of cleanup
C) Safety systems

Question 54

Most of the damage from thermal effects tends to occur in

A) Close range
B) Wide range
C) Large distance
D) None of the above

Question 55

The consequences of environmental damage are best understood by

A) Cost
B) Release
C) Volume of fluid
D) Toxic concentration

Question 56

Following is the unit of measure of consequence that is least developed among those currently used for RBI assessment.

A) Affected area
B) Cost
C) Environmental damage
D) Safety

Question 57

FILL BLANK RP 580 significantly targeted at the application of RBI in the ______________ and ___________ industry

Question 58

The program that is focused on understanding failure modes, addressing the modes and therefore improving the reliability of equipment and process facilities.

A) RBI
B) PHA
C) REM
D) HAZOP

Question 59

Toxic releases in RBI are only addressed when they affect

A) Personnel
B) Equipment
C) Process

Question 60

FILL BLANK RP 580 is intended to promote consistency and quality in identification, assessment and management of risks pertaining to ____________, which could lead to _______________

Question 61

RBI requires the commitment and cooperation of the

A) Total organization
B) Inspection
C) Maintenance
D) Materials engineering

Question 62

The reduction in the ability of a component to provide its intended purpose of containment of Fluids

A) Deterioration
B) Damage
C) Degradation
D) Thinning

Question 63

Consequence is always __________ for safety aspects

A) Negative
B) Positive
C) Neutral

Question 64

______________ delineate initiating events and combinations of system

A) Event trees
B) Fault trees
C) Logic trees

Question 65

Small hole, crack or rupture are examples of

A) Failure modes
B) Failure
C) Loss

Question 66

Termination of the ability of a system, structure, or component to perform its required function of containment of fluid (le loss of containment)

A) Failure
B) Risk
C) Outcome

Question 67

The following types of pressurized equipment and associated components covered by RBI

A) Rotating equipment
B) Turbines
C) Pressurized pumps

Question 68

An analytical tool that organizes and characterizes potential accidents in a logical and graphical manner

A) Event tree
B) Event
C) Outcome
D) Consequence

Question 69

The primary audience for RP 580 is

A) Inspection and materials engineering personnel
B) Maintenance personnel
C) Only inspection personnel
D) Only materials engineering personnel

Question 70

Occurrence of a particular set of circumstances, is called an

A) Event
B) Consequence
C) Risk

Question 71

Outcome of an event

A) Consequence
B) Risk
C) Event

Question 72

The event may be

A) Singular or multiple
B) Certain or uncertain
C) Loss or gain
D) Negative or positive

Question 73

Methods that use engineering judgment and experience as the bases for the analysis of probabilities and consequences of failure

A) Quantitative risk analysis
B) Qualitative risk analysis
C) Process hazard analysis

Question 74

Combination of the probability of an event and its consequence

A) Risk
B) Failure
C) Loss
D) Reduction

Question 75

_____________ depict ways in which the system failures rep- resented in the event trees can occur.

A) Event trees
B) Fault trees
C) Logic trees

Question 76

__________ is not a substitute for a process hazards analysis (PHA) or HAZOP

A) RBI
B) PHA
C) REM
D) HAZOP

Question 77

Quantitative risk analysis logic models generally consist of ___________ and ______

A) Event tees and fault trees
B) Product trees and loss trees
C) Likelihood trees and consequence trees

Question 78

A physical condition or a release of a hazardous material that could result from component failure and result in human injury or death, loss or damage, or environ- mental degradation

A) Hazard
B) Loss
C) Failure

Question 79

Limitation of any negative consequence or reduction in probability of a particular event

A) Mitigation
B) Reduction
C) Residual

Question 80

____________ uses logic models depicting combinations of events

A) Quantitative risk analysis
B) Qualitative risk analysis
C) Process hazard analysis