Deck 19: Medications, Diet-Drug Interactions, and Herbal Products

Question 1

Which medical abbreviation can be mistaken for "every day"?

A) TWA
B) TIW
C) TID
D) QOD

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Most drugs are commonly administered through which route?

A) orally
B) sublingually
C) transdermally
D) by injection

Answer 2

A

Question 3

What is a policy that has been developed to reduce the risk of mistakes when administering medications?

A) bar codes on medications and patient ID bracelets
B) increased off-label medication use
C) mandatory reporting of side effects
D) monitored drug disposal in pharmacies

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The nurse is administering a medication via injection to the patient's hip. Therefore, the patient is receiving the drug ____.

A) transdermally
B) intramuscularly
C) sublingually
D) orally

Question 5

What federal organization is responsible for approving sales of new medications and inspecting facilities where drugs are manufactured?

A) Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)
B) Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
C) United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)
D) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Question 6

Why are the elderly more vulnerable to adverse effects from medications than other populations?

A) impaired function of the liver or kidneys
B) inability to afford multiple medications
C) the focus on older adults in clinical trials
D) susceptibility to acute infections

Question 7

Loss of drug potency associated with metabolism by liver or intestinal enzymes is referred to as "____."

A) hepatic degradation
B) first-pass elimination
C) enzymatic elimination
D) unavoidable loss

Question 8

Drugs may alter ____ by changing the acidity of the digestive tract.

A) food intake
B) motivation to take the drug
C) nutrient absorption
D) nutrient excretion

Question 9

Which of the following foods will improve absorption of a lipophilic drug?

A) steamed carrots
B) plain baked potato
C) mashed avocado
D) boiled cabbage

Question 10

On medication orders, which of the following terms is considered accurate?

A) 7.0
B) )70
C) 0.7
D) )77

Question 11

Food substances and drugs may interact and cause toxicity by ____.

A) increasing side effects of the drug
B) causing diarrhea and vomiting
C) damaging mucosal cells
D) interfering with the sense of smell

Question 12

Components of charbroiled meats may increase the metabolism of ____.

A) tetracycline
B) warfarin
C) amphetamine
D) phenobarbital

Question 13

Prescription drugs are given over-the-counter (OTC) status when ____.

A) 20 years have passed since the drug was first released
B) they are considered safe enough for self-medication
C) the bioavailability of the drug is similar to that of a generic preparation
D) their mechanism of effective action outweighs their adverse side effects

Question 14

Which intervention would most likely reduce the risk of adverse effects from medications?

A) advising patients to take the drugs on a continuous schedule.
B) telling the patient to write down side effects after finishing the prescription.
C) encouraging a patient to call the physician or nurse prior to taking each dose of the medication.
D) obtaining a list of all prescription and over-the-counter drugs and herbal supplements the patient is taking.

Question 15

Drugs may alter _______ by interfering with taste or smell.

A) food intake
B) enzyme action
C) nutrient absorption
D) nutrient excretion

Question 16

Bile acid binders may also bind to ____.

A) water-soluble vitamins
B) trace minerals
C) fat-soluble vitamins
D) protein analogues

Question 17

What is the purpose of the FDA's MedWatch program?

A) to monitor the need for new medications, especially those for rare illnesses
B) to identify and monitor the use of prescription drugs that can be abused or misused
C) to set the prices for prescription medications
D) to encourage health care professionals and consumers to report problems with medications

Question 18

Any preventable event that causes inappropriate drug use or patient harm due to mistakes made by the health professional, patient, or caregiver is known as a(n) ____.

A) diet-drug interaction
B) adverse reaction
C) drug-drug interaction
D) medication error

Question 19

What is a prohibited term in clinical documentation and has to be spelled out?

A) IU
B) mg
C) unit
D) 0.1 mL

Question 20

To gain FDA approval, a generic drug must ____.

A) be less expensive than the original drug
B) have a different route of administration than the original drug
C) have a similar name as the brand-name drug
D) contain the same active ingredients as the original drug

Question 21

Excretion of calcium and potassium may be increased by some ____.

A) diuretics
B) antihistamines
C) antidepressants
D) psychotropics

Question 22

A person who takes a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) and consumes food that contains tyramine could suffer from ____.

A) hearing loss
B) peripheral edema
C) hallucinations
D) severe headache

Question 23

Aspirin works faster when it is taken ____.

A) with meals
B) on an empty stomach
C) immediately upon awakening
D) just prior to bed

Question 24

Which type of medication would most likely cause nutrient malabsorption because of damage to the gastrointestinal tract?

A) anticonvulsants
B) antineoplastics
C) antivirals
D) antihypertensives

Question 25

The scientific name for black cohosh is ____.

A) Cimicifuga racemosa
B) Tanacetum parthenium
C) Zingiber officinale
D) Serenoa repens

Question 26

Drugs classified as antiemetics can improve food intake by ___________?

A) preventing vomiting
B) promoting sleep
C) increasing electrolyte losses
D) binding to calcium

Question 27

Ms. Holmes is taking an MAO inhibitor. She is at the food court and needs to pick the best meal. Which food would contain the largest amount of tyramine?

A) chocolate
B) scrambled eggs
C) hot dogs
D) cheddar cheese

Question 28

Betty has been prescribed an antiulcer agent. Her physician will monitor Betty's ____ for side effects.

A) iron status
B) GI comfort
C) renal function
D) sodium excretion

Question 29

Methotrexate resembles ____ in structure and competes with it for the enzyme that converts it to its active form.

A) iron
B) folate
C) phosphorus
D) calcium

Question 30

What describes a potential adverse effect of using St. John's wort?

A) skin photosensitivity
B) heartburn
C) liver damage
D) weight gain

Question 31

Which central nervous system-targeting drug is affected by grapefruit juice?

A) carbamazepine
B) haloperidol
C) lorazepam
D) risperidone

Question 32

Mrs. Appleton has been diagnosed with depression and her physician has prescribed a monoamine oxidase inhibitor. He instructs her to avoid consuming large amounts of tyramine. Which food should be safe for Mrs. Appleton's diet?

A) aged cheese
B) oranges
C) tofu
D) sausage

Question 33

A patient who is taking an MAO inhibitor should avoid which lunchtime entrée?

A) Reuben sandwich
B) split pea soup
C) lettuce salad with ranch dressing
D) pork chops with steamed carrots

Question 34

Dietary and herbal supplements that can interact with warfarin metabolism include ____.

A) ginseng
B) vitamin D
C) vitamin C
D) echinacea

Question 35

Glenn has been on corticosteroids for many years. This long-term use may cause ____.

A) weight loss
B) osteoporosis
C) hypoglycemia
D) appetite suppression

Question 36

Mr. Ahmed has bladder cancer. His appetite, intake, and weight have declined over the past few weeks. The doctor prescribes ____ to increase his intake.

A) methotrexate
B) megestrol acetate
C) amphetamines
D) liver enzymes

Question 37

Altered excretion of potassium, magnesium, thiamin, and calcium are side effects associated with the use of ____.

A) narcotics
B) antihypertensives
C) diuretics
D) laxatives

Question 38

Mr. White has been prescribed corticosteroids. He should expect ____.

A) suppression of appetite
B) weight loss
C) reduced depression
D) increased appetite

Question 39

A possible side effect of some antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin, is ____.

A) dry mouth
B) reduced calcium absorption
C) reduced iron absorption
D) enhanced tumor growth

Question 40

The amount of lithium reabsorbed in the kidneys is similar to the amount of ____ that is reabsorbed.

A) sodium
B) folate
C) magnesium
D) phosphorus

Question 41

Which herb is correctly paired with its common use among consumers?

A) feverfew-treatment of mild-to-moderate depression
B) black cohosh-relief of menopausal symptoms
C) saw palmetto-prevention of migraine headaches
D) ginger-wound healing (topical use)

Question 42

The complementary/alternative approach that proposes that a person's natural "life force" can foster self-healing is called "____."

A) chiropractic
B) homeopathy
C) biofeedback
D) naturopathic medicine

Question 43

Garlic, ginkgo, and ginseng have been shown to have an interaction with which type of drug?

A) anticoagulants
B) immunosuppressants
C) antiarrhythmics
D) diuretics

Question 44

When goldenseal is used with anticoagulants, for which side effect is the patient at risk?

A) hypotension
B) cardiac arrhythmias
C) blood clots
D) aortic aneurysm

Question 45

Which herbal preparation may be taken to reduce blood clotting?

A) St. John's wort
B) garlic
C) ginseng
D) valerian

Question 46

This situation may have been prevented by identifying Emma as ____.

A) part of a low-risk group
B) one who takes multiple medications
C) one who needs herbal products
D) one who should consider alternative medicine

Question 47

What best explains why older adults are at higher risk of drug interactions with herbal supplements?

A) Older adults are more likely to take three or more prescription medications at a time.
B) The bodies of older adults cannot process herbal supplements at all.
C) Older adults do not always understand how to buy the correct supplements for what they need.
D) The herbal supplements provided to older adults are more likely to have fillers and toxic agents.

Question 48

Physicians who refer patients for complementary therapies while continuing to provide standard treatments are practicing what is known as ____ medicine.

A) integrative
B) complementary
C) alternative
D) conventional

Question 49

Which method is based on the theory that "like cures like?"

A) chiropractic
B) homeopathy
C) biofeedback
D) naturopathic medicine

Question 50

In a university study that evaluated the authenticity of 44 single-herb supplements, ____ of the products were found to contain a completely different plant species than was listed on the label.

A) 12%
B) 32%
C) 49%
D) 61%

Question 51

Homeopathic and naturopathic medicinal treatments are examples of "____.:

A) mind-body interventions
B) manual healing methods
C) alternative systems of medical practice
D) pharmacological treatments

Question 52

Emma reports that she has had decreased appetite and weight loss over the past 3 days. She may be suffering from ____.

A) a medication error
B) medication side effects
C) bacterial reaction
D) cross-reactivity

Question 53

Which herbal preparation may be taken to treat erectile dysfunction?

A) saw palmetto
B) feverfew
C) ginseng
D) yohimbe

Question 54

Emma Wiseman is an 85-year-old widow and retired elementary school teacher. She lives alone, and her closest relatives live about an hour away. She has a medical history of breast cancer, hypertension, and osteoporosis. Emma currently takes six medications. She has been having difficulty opening her medication bottles and decided to put all of her pills into one container. After doing this she realizes that some of them look the same and she is unsure which medication she should take with her dinner. An important thing Emma should do is to ____.

A) take any pill
B) contact her pharmacist
C) stop her medications
D) purchase OTC medications instead

Question 55

Which condition and its medication/treatment could cause Emma to have mouth sores?

A) cancer
B) osteoporosis
C) depression
D) hypertension

Question 56

An example of a mind-body intervention is ____.

A) Ayurveda
B) faith healing
C) ozone therapy
D) homeopathy

Question 57

Which herbal preparation has been associated with the occurrence of mouth and tongue sores?

A) saw palmetto
B) feverfew
C) ginseng
D) yohimbe

Question 58

Upon further examination, one of Emma's medications is identified as an herbal supplement that may treat dementia and memory deficits. This medication is most likely ____.

A) garlic
B) ginger
C) gingko
D) ginseng

Question 59

Consumers rarely find ____ listed on supplement labels.

A) adverse effects of herbs
B) the name of the manufacturer
C) ambiguous statements about health benefits
D) incorrect information about herb species or potency

Question 60

What are the most common adverse effects of herbal supplements?

A) diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting
B) liver damage
C) renal failure
D) seizures and heart palpitations

Question 62

Briefly describe the concept of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).

Question 63

What are some safety concerns associated with the use of herbal products?

Question 64

Explain why some patients are at higher risk of adverse effects from medications than others.

Question 65

Describe a manipulative or body-based therapy. Include a discussion of its effectiveness and validity.

Question 66

Ralph Mitchell is a 53-year-old male. He is happily married with three children and has his own business. Today, he is having his yearly physical. He lists the following medications on his "Patient History" paperwork: aspirin, lovastatin, hydrochlorothiazide, warfarin, garlic, and vitamin C. Which of Ralph's medications requires a prescription?

A) aspirin
B) lovastatin
C) garlic
D) vitamin C

Question 67

Explain how stomach acidity can affect drug absorption.

Question 68

In what ways are over-the-counter and prescription medications different?

Question 69

Ralph Mitchell is a 53-year-old male. He is happily married with three children and has his own business. Today, he is having his yearly physical. He lists the following medications on his "Patient History" paperwork: aspirin, lovastatin, hydrochlorothiazide, warfarin, garlic, and vitamin C. Upon reviewing his medications, we can assume that Ralph most likely suffers from ____.

A) obesity
B) diabetes
C) osteoporosis
D) cardiovascular disease

Question 70

Explain how policies are being improved in the health care community to reduce instances of medication errors.

Question 71

Describe how using herbal supplements to treat illnesses can cause safety concerns.

Question 72

How can metabolism be affected in relation to diet-drug interactions?

Question 73

Provide examples of drug-induced side effects that can limit food intake.

Question 74

Ralph Mitchell is a 53-year-old male. He is happily married with three children and has his own business. Today, he is having his yearly physical. He lists the following medications on his "Patient History" paperwork: aspirin, lovastatin, hydrochlorothiazide, warfarin, garlic, and vitamin C. Which of Ralph's medications is an over-the-counter (OTC) drug?

A) aspirin
B) lovastatin
C) warfarin
D) hydrochlorothiazide

Question 75

Ralph Mitchell is a 53-year-old male. He is happily married with three children and has his own business. Today, he is having his yearly physical. He lists the following medications on his "Patient History" paperwork: aspirin, lovastatin, hydrochlorothiazide, warfarin, garlic, and vitamin C. Given the medications he is taking, Ralph needs to control his intake of ____.

A) chocolate
B) charbroiled meats
C) baked chicken
D) applesauce

Question 76

Ralph Mitchell is a 53-year-old male. He is happily married with three children and has his own business. Today, he is having his yearly physical. He lists the following medications on his "Patient History" paperwork: aspirin, lovastatin, hydrochlorothiazide, warfarin, garlic, and vitamin C. Ralph shouldn't drink ____.

A) water
B) milk
C) grapefruit juice
D) orange juice