Deck 8: Nuclear Chemistry

Question 1

Which of these scientists characterized and began to explain radioactivity?

A)Becquerel
B)Curie
C)Einstein
D)Rutherford
E)Thompson

Answer 1

Rutherford

Question 2

Which of the following occurs during beta emission?

A)The mass number increases
B)The mass number decreases
C)The atomic number increases
D)The atomic number decreases
E)None of the above

Answer 2

The atomic number increases

Question 3

Which of the following occurs during alpha emission?

A)The mass number increases
B)The mass number decreases
C)The atomic number increases
D)The atomic number decreases
E)More than one of the above is correct.

Answer 3

More than one of the above is correct.

Question 4

Thorium-234 decays by emission of a beta particle. The product of this decay is:

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 5

Which of these scientists discovered radioactivity when a photographic plate was exposed by a piece of uranium?

A)Becquerel
B)Curie
C)Einstein
D)Rutherford
E)Thompson

Question 6

Which type of radioactive emission is analogous to an electron being emitted?

A)Positrons
B)Neutrons
C)Alpha particle
D)Gamma rays
E)Beta particle

Question 7

Which of the following occurs during gamma emission?

A)The mass number increases
B)The mass number decreases
C)The atomic number increases
D)The atomic number decreases
E)None of the above

Question 8

Which particle completes this equation?
​
M=unstable
​
→ ____ +

A)Alpha particle
B)Beta particle
C)Gamma particle
D)A positron
E)Proton

Question 9

Nuclear chemistry involves changes

A)within the nucleus.
B)of valence electrons.
C)in bond number.
D)of inner electrons.
E)in photons.

Question 10

Radioactivity results from the decay of unstable

A)electrons.
B)very light nuclei.
C)heavy nuclei.
D)photons.
E)bonds.

Question 11

Which of these is the correct representation of a beta particle?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 12

Uranium-238 decays by emission of an alpha particle. The product of this decay is:

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 13

Which of these is the correct representation of an alpha particle?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 14

Which type of radioactive emission has the highest penetrating power?

A)Electrons
B)Beta particle
C)Alpha particle
D)Gamma rays
E)Neutrons

Question 15

Which process best describes beta decay?

A)A proton is converted into a neutron and an electron.
B)A neutron is converted into a proton and an electron.
C)A proton and an electron are converted into a neutron.
D)A neutron and an electron are converted into a proton.

Question 16

Which of these scientists is responsible for coining the term radioactivity and is also the only person to receive two noble prizes in science?

A)Becquerel
B)Curie
C)Einstein
D)Rutherford
E)Thompson

Question 17

Which particle completes this equation?
​
→ ____ +

A)Alpha particle
B)Beta particle
C)Gamma particle
D)A positron
E)Proton

Question 18

Which type of radioactive emission has the highest ionizing power?

A)Positrons
B)Beta particle
C)Alpha particle
D)Gamma rays
E)Neutrons

Question 19

Which particle completes this equation?
​
→ ____ +

A)Alpha particle
B)Beta particle
C)Gamma particle
D)A positron
E)Proton

Question 20

Krypton-85 decays by emission of a beta particle. The product of this decay is:

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 21

What was the secret code name for the building of the first atomic bomb?

A)Manhattan Project
B)D-day
C)Einstein's Ashes
D)Looking Glass
E)Desert Storm

Question 22

The half-life of phosphorous-33 is 25.3 days. How long will it take for 64 grams of P-33 to decay to 1.0 grams?

A)10.67 days
B)75 days
C)100 days
D)120 days
E)151.8 days

Question 23

The time required for an element to go from half the nuclei of a sample to decay is known as the:

A)half-life.
B)mode of decay.
C)emission series.
D)radioactivity.
E)Both A and B are correct.

Question 24

Nitrogen-13 has a half-life of 10 minutes. How much of a 16 mg sample would remain after 30 minutes?

A)0.5 mg
B)1 mg
C)2 mg
D)4 mg
E)8 mg

Question 25

What percentage of a radioactive sample will remain after one half-life?

A)100%
B)75%
C)50%
D)25%
E)0%

Question 26

Which of these types of radioactive decay does not produce an atom of a different element?

A)alpha
B)beta
C)gamma
D)electron capture
E)positron

Question 27

The amount of material necessary to sustain a fission reaction is known as ____.

A)radioactivity
B)tonnage
C)substantial mass
D)critical mass
E)chain reaction

Question 28

A radioactive decay series will continue until ________.

A)the substance disintegrates into nothing but radioactive decay particles.
B)a stable nucleus is produced.
C)the same number of alpha and beta emissions have taken place.
D)none of the above

Question 29

What percentage of a radioactive sample will remain after two half-lives?

A)50%
B)25%
C)12.5%
D)6.25%
E)0%

Question 30

Radon-222 has a half-life of 3.82 days. How many alpha emissions are produced when a 10 g sample of radon-222 decays over 19.1 days?

A)3.39 × 10²⁰ emissions
B)8.47 × 10²⁰ emissions
C)5.42 × 10²¹ emissions
D)2.62 × 10²² emissions
E)4.18 × 10²⁵ emissions

Question 31

Which of these two scientists built the first nuclear reactor?

A)Einstein and Rutherford
B)Hahn and Strassmann
C)Curie and Becquerel
D)Meitner and Fermi
E)Fermi and Szilard

Question 32

There are no stable isotopes for elements ________.

A)above atomic number 82.
B)above atomic number 83.
C)below atomic number 83.
D)below atomic number 82.

Question 33

Which isotope is naturally radioactive?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 34

Which of these scientists discovered fission by attempting to create a synthetic element?

A)Fermi
B)Becquerel
C)Curie
D)Rutherford
E)Thompson

Question 35

What percentage of a radioactive sample will remain after three half-lives?

A)50%
B)25%
C)12.5%
D)6.25%
E)0%

Question 36

The half-life of Sr-83 is 32.4 hours. How many emissions are produced when 20 g of strontium-83 decays to 4.0 grams?

A)3.39 × 10²⁰ emissions
B)1.81 × 10²² emissions
C)2.90 × 10²² emissions
D)1.16 × 10²³ emissions
E)1.45 × 10²³ emissions

Question 37

Which of these best describes the self-sustaining process of fission with a critical mass of uranium-238?

A)Binding energy
B)Chain reaction
C)Alpha emission
D)Gamma radiation
E)Radioactivity

Question 38

Which of these statements about fission is incorrect ?

A)Fission reactions release a large amount of energy.
B)Two lighter nuclei combine to form a heavier nuclei.
C)Fission of uranium-238 is initiated by the absorption of a neutron.
D)Fission of uranium-238 nuclei was at the heart of the first atomic bomb.
E)Fermi mistakenly discovered fission trying to synthesize a new element.

Question 39

Which of these scientists is did not participate in early research surrounding fission reactions?

A)Fermi
B)Strassmann
C)Curie
D)Meitner
E)Hahn

Question 40

The half-life of protactinium-231 is 3.25 × 10⁴ years. How long will it take for 10.4 grams of Pa-231 to decay to 2.6 grams?

A)8.1 × 10⁶ years
B)4.0 × 10⁵ years
C)1.3 × 10⁵ years
D)6.5 × 10⁴ years
E)1.5 × 10⁴ years

Question 41

The number of radioactive disintegrations per second is measured in units of ____.

A)rad
B)curie
C)rem
D)rod
E)rig

Question 42

How many years old is a fossilized tree if it contains 25% of its original carbon-14? (half-life of carbon-14 = 5,730 years)

A)1,433
B)5,730
C)11,460
D)17,190
E)22,920

Question 43

Which of these is most significant problem in developing fusion controlled energy?

A)Limited resources
B)Air pollution
C)Low energy yield
D)Excessive radioactivity
E)Containment for high temperature reactions

Question 44

Which of these radioactive exposures would be the most damaging if it occurred internally?

A)Gamma radiation
B)Alpha emission
C)Beta emission
D)Positron capture
E)Electron emission

Question 45

The energy which holds the nucleus together is known as the ____.

A)nuclear binding energy
B)mass defect
C)critical mass
D)fusion energy
E)radioactivity

Question 46

The difference between the experimentally determined mass and the sum of the masses of all protons, neutrons , and electrons  of an atom is known as the ____.

A)nuclear mass
B)molar mass
C)mass defect
D)decay mass
E)isotopic mass

Question 47

Which one of these is a major problem for controlled energy generation by fission?

A)Air pollution
B)Acid rain
C)Greenhouse gases n
D)Waste disposal
E)Low energy yield per pound

Question 48

The term used to describe an out of control nuclear reaction in a reactor core is known as the ____.

A)Manhattan Project
B)Einstein's Ashes
C)China Syndrome
D)critical mass
E)binding energy

Question 49

Instantaneous exposure to radiation at a dose of ____ or greater is most likely lead to radiation sickness.

A)40 rem
B)100 rem
C)200 rem
D)300 rem
E)500 rem

Question 50

Which of these statements about fusion is correct ?

A)Two lighter nuclei combine to form a heavier nuclei.
B)Fusion of uranium-238 nuclei was at the heart of the first atomic bomb.
C)Fusion waste products are typically more hazardous than fission materials.
D)Fusion reactions release a large amount of energy but less than fission reactions.
E)All of these statements are correct.

Question 51

Calculate the mass defect of ¹⁷O, which has a mass of 16.9991 amu. (proton = 1.0073 amu; neutron = 1.0087 amu)

A)0.155 amu
B)0.152 amu
C)0.148 amu
D)0.146 amu
E)0.1376 amu

Question 52

Which of these atoms has the most stable nuclei?

A)Ca
B)Co
C)Mg
D)Ne
E)Xe

Question 53

Calculate the mass defect of ³⁷Cl, which has a mass of 36.9659 amu.(proton = 1.0073 amu; neutron = 1.0087 amu)

A)2.693 amu
B)0.388 amu
C)0.341 amu
D)0.332 amu
E)0.263 amu

Question 54

Which of these is the correct unit for measuring human radioactive exposure?

A)Rad
B)Curie
C)Rem
D)Rod
E)Rig

Question 55

Which of these radioactive dating methods is utilized in determining the age of the earth?

A)Uranium dating
B)Carbon-14 dating
C)Nitrogen-14 dating
D)Oxygen-17 dating
E)Oxford dating

Question 56

Instantaneous exposure to radiation at a dose of ____ rem or greater is most likely lethal.

A)40
B)100
C)200
D)300
E)500

Question 57

Which of these atoms contains the highest nuclear binding energy?

A)Fe
B)Ar
C)U
D)Al
E)Na

Question 58

Which of these equations explains the reason for mass defect?

A)E=h υ
B)c = λυ
C)Protons − neutrons
D)E=mc²
E)E=m\v

Question 59

How many half-lives has a fossilized tree undergone if it contains 12.5% of its original carbon-14?

A)1\4
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)16

Question 60

Which of these elements is the largest naturally occurring sources of radiation?

A)Xenon
B)Argon
C)Neon
D)Radon
E)Krypton

Question 61

Which of these is not an application of nuclear chemistry?

A)Medicine
B)Energy
C)Radioactive dating
D)Warfare
E)All of these are applications.

Question 62

Which of these medical application of nuclear chemistry used in the treatment of cancerous tumors?

A)Tracers
B)Fission
C)Chemotherapy
D)Radiation therapy
E)Mass defect

Question 63

Which of these health concerns are most common with increased radon exposure?

A)Thyroid cancer
B)Breast cancer
C)Lung cancer
D)Birth defects
E)Leukemia

Question 64

What percentage of radiation exposure is a result of man-made sources?

A)18%
B)25%
C)50%
D)82%
E)95%

Question 65

The eruption of a volcano unearths rocks from deep in the earth's crust. The rocks are estimated to be 9 × 10⁹ years old. Which radioactive dating method would give the most accurate age of the fossils?
I. Uranium dating
II. Carbon-14 dating
III. Either method

A)I only
B)II only
C)III only
D)I for rocks II for fossils of plants and animals.
E)I for fossils of plants and animals II for rocks.

Question 66

A newly discovered rock formation contains fossils estimated to be 11,000 years old. Which radioactive dating method would give the most accurate age of the fossils?
I. Uranium dating
II. Carbon-14 dating
III. Either method

A)I only
B)II only
C)III
D)I for rocks II for fossils of plants and animals.
E)I for fossils of plants and animals II for rocks.

Question 67

Which of these is a common source of human radiation exposure?

A)X-rays
B)Cancer treatment
C)Radon gas
D)A and B only
E)A, B, and C

Question 68

Which of these is a possible effect of radiation exposure?

A)Death
B)Birth defects
C)Increased risk of cancer
D)Radiation sickness
E)All of these