Deck 12: Romanesque Europe

Question 1

Which church remained the largest in Europe until the new Saint Peter's in Rome was constructed in the 17th century?

A) Speyer Cathedral
B) Cluny III
C) Saint-Sernin, Toulouse
D) Sant'Ambrogio, Milan

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The monks of which order were among the primary patrons of Romanesque sculpture?

A) Franciscan
B) Cistercian
C) Zen
D) Cluniac

Answer 2

D

Question 3

What is the term for the covered courtyard in a monastery that embodied the seclusion of the spiritual life and offered a glimpse of Paradise?

A) Rectory
B) Almonry
C) Cloister
D) Garderobe

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following led to the growth of towns and cities in the Romanesque period?

A) The pilgrimage routes
B) An increase in trade
C) A consolidation of power within the papacy
D) The end of the power of the Vikings

Question 5

What was the message of Gislebertus's image of the Last Judgment on the portal of Saint-Lazare?

A) It encouraged viewers to go on a pilgrimage.
B) It highlighted the saint to whom the church was dedicated.
C) It encouraged viewers to seek salvation.
D) It highlighted the holy nature of the Virgin Mary.

Question 6

The term Roman-like was adopted to describe the architecture of the Romanesque period because it relied on which elements of Roman architecture?

A) Timber ceilings
B) Ionic capitals
C) Cement domes
D) Groin vaults

Question 7

What did pilgrims believe that relics could accomplish?

A) Provide pilgrims with messages from the dead
B) Heal pilgrims in body and soul
C) Furnish pilgrims with untold wealth
D) Grant pilgrims renewed youth

Question 8

Which of the following is the best description of compound piers?

A) Piers with Doric and Ionic capitals
B) Piers with sculptures of prophets
C) Pier with several painted registers
D) Piers with attached columns or pilasters

Question 9

Sainte-Foy at Conques, Saint James at Santiago de Compostela, and Saint-Sernin at Toulouse are all examples of which church type?

A) Hall church
B) Central-plan church
C) Lombard church
D) Pilgrimage church

Question 10

What was the purpose of tribunes such as those found at Saint James at Santiago de Compostela and Saint-Sernin in Toulouse?

A) To stage sacred plays
B) To house overflow crowds
C) To provide a space for law courts
D) To provide a balcony for the pope

Question 11

What is one of the exceptional features of the interior of Saint-Étienne at Vignory as compared to other Romanesque churches?

A) Its westwork
B) Its ornate marble-encrusted facade
C) The appearance of the rib vaulting
D) Decorative carving and sculpture

Question 12

What was Bernard of Clairvaux's main criticism about the sculptural decoration in Romanesque cloisters?

A) The subjects shown encouraged people to sin.
B) It distracted the viewer from reading and prayer.
C) The sculptural style and themes were too modern.
D) The sculptures were too luxurious, covered with gold leaf.

Question 13

Who was the artist of the early Romanesque large-scale reliefs at Saint-Sernin?

A) Gislebertus
B) Bernardus Gelduinus
C) Master Hugo
D) Abbot Suger

Question 14

Which factor contributed to the enormous surge in church building during the Romanesque period?

A) The influx of artists from Byzantium
B) The peaceful conclusion of the first millennium
C) The availability of inexpensive stone
D) The conversion of the Vikings to Christianity

Question 15

What innovative feature appeared in the east end of Saint-Étienne at Vignory?

A) An apse and a triumphal arch
B) A double transept and a chancel arch
C) Ocular semidomes
D) An ambulatory and three radiating chapels

Question 16

With its three-story nave and timber roof, which earlier regional church form does Saint-Étienne at Vignory resemble?

A) Anglo-Saxon
B) Bavarian
C) Ottonian
D) Norman

Question 17

What constitutes a "pilgrimage type" church?

A) It has additional perimeter buildings to house pilgrims.
B) It has its ambulatory directly attached to the nave.
C) It has radiating chapels along the transept and ambulatory.
D) It has a narrowed main aisle to create a dignified procession.

Question 18

What were the pilgrims who made journeys to faraway churches hoping to see?

A) Miracles
B) Statues
C) Architecture
D) Relics

Question 19

What covers the ceiling of the naves of Sant Vicenç and Saint-Philibert?

A) Ceiling paintings
B) Carved tracery
C) Stone vaults
D) Wooden beams

Question 20

Which element of the church at Saint-Sernin served as the module for the proportions of the entire building?

A) Buttress
B) Tribune
C) Aisle
D) Crossing square

Question 21

Which Romanesque church has a facade rooted in the tradition of Carolingian and Ottonian westworks?

A) Pisa Cathedral
B) Saint-Étienne, Caen
C) Saint-Sernin, Toulouse
D) Sant'Ambrogio, Milan

Question 22

Which is the church most closely associated with the crusades?

A) San Miniato al Monte
B) Speyer Cathedral
C) La Madeleine, Vézelay
D) Durham Cathedral

Question 23

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What Early Christian architectural form appears here at Sant'Ambrogio?

A) Baptistery
B) Campanile
C) Central plan
D) Narthex

Question 24

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Who is the artist of this relief on Modena Cathedral?

A) Rainer of Huy
B) Gislebertus
C) Wiligelmo
D) Antelami

Question 25

How did the clergy interpret the battle between the knight and the dragons appearing in the Moralia in Job ?

A) As a prefiguration of the ascension
B) As a warning against the use of images
C) As an allegory of the struggle of monks against the devil
D) As a reference to the story of Jonah

Question 26

During the Romanesque period, the vision of Christ's second coming was often depicted on which architectural element of a church?

A) The tribune
B) The trumeau
C) The tympanum
D) The jambs

Question 27

The "throne of wisdom," sedes sapientiae , is the western European version of which of the following?

A) Carolingian throne
B) Byzantine Theotokos
C) Hagia Sophia
D) Ascension of Mary

Question 28

Which group split from the Cluniac order to follow the rules of Saint Benedict more strictly?

A) Dominican order
B) Cistercian order
C) Knights Templar
D) Monophysite order

Question 29

Which Gospel manuscripts are stylistically related to Moissac?

A) Morgan Madonna and Stavelot reliquary
B) Codex Colbertinus and the Corbie Gospels
C) Eadwine Psalter and Bury Bible
D) Gospels of Henry the Lion and Eadwine Psalter

Question 30

What is absent from Cistercian churches such as Notre-Dame at Fontenay?

A) Stone masonry
B) Sculptural decoration
C) Windows
D) Groin vaults

Question 31

The intersection of two barrel vaults creates which of the following?

A) Pendentive
B) Rib vault
C) Tribune
D) Groin vault

Question 32

Which of the following is true of the Bayeux Tapestry ?

A) It depicts a tale from the First Crusade.
B) It depicts an actual event shortly after it occurred.
C) It depicts the mission of the apostles in full detail.
D) It depicts the clash between the Knights Templar and the Saracens.

Question 33

Which manuscript do art historians believe was produced in the scriptorium at Moissac?

A) Eadwine Bible
B) Bury Bible
C) Rupertsberger Scivias
D) Codex Colbertinus

Question 34

In which region were buildings designed less experimentally than in northern Europe?

A) Normandy
B) England
C) Italy
D) Spain

Question 35

What did 11th-century Romanesque masons use to construct monumental groin vaults?

A) Molded concrete
B) Rubble mixed with mortar
C) Mud-brick and granite
D) Ashlar blocks joined by mortar

Question 36

Of the following characteristics, which was not a major concern of Italian church architecture in the Romanesque period?

A) Marble incrustation
B) Barrel vaults
C) Surface decoration
D) Verticality

Question 37

As a reference to the mission Christ gave to the apostles, what figures are depicted in the lintel and tympanum compartments at Vézelay?

A) Female martyr saints
B) Roman soldiers
C) The world's heathens
D) Elders of the Apocalypse

Question 38

Which of the following is a stylistic hallmark of the artist of the south portal of Saint-Pierre at Moissac?

A) Naturalistic figures inspired by Greek art
B) Zigzag and dovetail drapery folds
C) Vast landscapes without humans
D) Squat and short figures

Question 39

The intertwining forms on the initial L and Saint Matthew of the Codex Colbertinus reflect which earlier artistic trend?

A) Architectural fantasies
B) Islamic geometry
C) Animal interlace style
D) Early Christian ceiling painting

Question 40

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What innovation is evident in this nave?

A) Rib vault
B) Tribune
C) Groin vault
D) Stained glass

Question 41

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In which modern country is Speyer Cathedral located?

A) France
B) Italy
C) Belgium
D) Germany

Question 42

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What is the location of this cathedral complex?

A) Florence, Italy
B) Pisa, Italy
C) Venice, Italy
D) Modena, Italy

Question 43

Which of the following individuals was a Romanesque metalworker?

A) Gislebertus
B) Rainer of Huy
C) Bernardus Gelduinus
D) Wiligelmo

Question 44

The baptistery of San Giovanni in Florence follows in which architectural tradition?

A) Roman and Early Christian basilica
B) Byzantine dome on square
C) Roman and Early Christian central plan
D) Greco-Roman peripteral

Question 45

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This page from the Gospels of Henry the Lion carries on the imperial tradition exemplified in which manuscript?

A) Byzantine Vienna Genesis
B) Timurid Bustan
C) Ottonian Coronation Gospels
D) Early Christian Vatican Vergil

Question 46

What do art historians theorize is the explanation for the resurgence of stone sculpture in the Romanesque period?

A) Sculptural programs could serve as much-needed large-scale employment projects.
B) Sculptural programs entertained the monks and clergy in their otherwise quiet lives.
C) Sculptural programs were less labor intensive and less expensive than wall painting.
D) Sculptural programs were a means to educate and impress an illiterate audience.

Question 47

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What is the name of the person represented here, on the Stavelot reliquary?

A) John the Baptist
B) Saint Alexander
C) Saint Faith
D) Bernard of Clairvaux

Question 48

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What is the name of this church?

A) San Miniato al Monte
B) Santa María de Mur
C) Speyer Cathedral
D) Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe

Question 49

The illustrations in the Eadwine Psalter are variations on those in which earlier manuscript?

A) Vienna Genesis
B) Book of Kells
C) Utrecht Psalter
D) Uta Codex

Question 50

Which of the following aspects is most likely to identify a work as Romanesque?

A) Material
B) Location
C) Date
D) Height