Deck 4: Justice on the Street the Police and Racial and Ethnic Minorities

Question 1

__________ Americans have the least amount of contact with the police, compared  with other racial and ethnic groups.

A)Indian
B)African
C)White
D)Asian

Answer 1

D

Question 2

With respect to African Americans, there were three periods of major conflict and riots: during and after World War I, during_________, and in the 1960s

A)The Vietnam War
B)World War II
C)The Korean War
D)The Gulf War

Answer 2

B

Question 3

There are more than _____ federally recognized Native American tribes in the U.S.

A)200
B)330
C)425
D)500

Answer 3

B

Question 4

By the mid-2015, there had not been such national concern about the police and communities of color since the riots of the ______.

A)1960s
B)1950s
C)1970s
D)1940s

Question 5

The changing demographic face of the United States because of __________ presents a special challenge for the police.

A)immigration
B)the aging of the Baby Boomers
C)disparate birth rates
D)All of the above.

Question 6

In the 1970s, in response to protests from civil rights groups, police departments began to replace the fleeing felon rule in favor of the __________ rule.

A)clear and present danger
B)imminent threat
C)defense of life
D)self defense

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT cited in the text as a factor that helps explain the patterns of interactions between Hispanics and the police?

A)Hispanics' f ear of exposure to investigation regarding immigration status .
B)Hispanics' view that intervention by an "outsider" threatens the family's integrity.
C)Hispanics' unwillingness to oppose criminal elements within their communities who do not want a police presence in the neighborhoods.
D)Hispanics who do not speak English have difficulty communicating with police.

Question 8

Arab Americans comprise about _____ percent of the U.S. population .

A)two
B)three
C)four
D)five

Question 9

In response to the growing national police crisis, President Barack Obama  appointed a President's Task Force on ___________ policing .

A)21^st Century
B)Community
C)Problem Oriented
D)20^th Century

Question 10

The so-called __________ in Los Angeles in 1943 involved attacks on Hispanic men by police and by white Navy personnel on shore leave.

A)Gringo Justice
B)Pickers' Holiday
C)Zoot Suit Riot
D)immigrant uprising

Question 11

The FBI does not report arrest data on:

A)age.
B)race.
C)ethnicity.
D)gender.

Question 12

African Americans consistently report believing that police treat African Americans:

A)fairly.
B)unfairly.
C)courteously.
D)rudely.

Question 13

There have been ___ major eras of riots related to police abuse .

A)1
B)5
C)7
D)3

Question 14

The fleeing felon rule was held unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court in:

A)Tennessee v. Gagnon (1972).
B)Mississippi v. Gagnon (1972).
C)Tennessee v. Garner (1985).
D)Mississippi v. Garner (1985).

Question 15

The 1991 ________Commission report found that officers at Los Angeles police stations discouraged people from filing complaints and sometimes even threatened them with arrest.

A)Kerner
B)Wickersham
C)Christopher
D)President's Crime

Question 16

In the 1990s, the New York City ________Commission exposed a pattern of  corruption and violence in the poorest African-American and Hispanic neighborhoods in which corruption was at the root of abusive and illegal behavior.

A)Kerner
B)Wickersham
C)Mollen
D)President's Crime

Question 17

There are approximately _____ separate Native American law enforcement agencies in the U.S.

A)200
B)330
C)425
D)500

Question 18

One factor limiting the influence of officer attitudes on their behavior is the ___________nature of the criminal justice system.

A)representation
B)multiculturalism
C)community
D)bureaucratic

Question 19

Which of the following does NOT determine a Native American tribal police agency's jurisdiction or lack of jurisdiction in a specific case?

A)where the crime was committed
B)who committed the crime
C)what crime was committed
D)tribal affiliation of the victim

Question 20

Historically, __________ has/have been the most explosive issue in police-community relations.

A)police corruption
B)police shootings
C)police use of excessive force
D)racial profiling

Question 21

Police corruption has historically had a special impact on _______communities

A)exclusive
B)emerging
C)wealthy
D)minority

Question 22

__________ discrimination based on race or ethnicity is illegal .  

Question 23

In the 1970s, most police departments greatly expanded their police-community relations programs so as to reach a larger segment of the serviced community.

Question 24

Researcher White found that "skin tone is not related to the likelihood of being stopped or arrested by the police" for African Americans. "As skin tone darkens," she found,  "the odds of being stopped or arrested decreased significantly."

Question 25

The theory of ________justice holds that attitudes are shaped not just by what the police do, but how they do it.

A)Selective
B)Enforcement
C)Procedural
D)Political

Question 26

More important than national data on police employment is the racial and  ethnic composition of local departments. The key issue is whether a department  _________the community it serves.

Question 27

No matter who does the investigation, citizen complaints are inherently difficult to sustain in favor of the ___________.

Question 28

The EEO Index compares the percentage of minority group officers in a department with the percentage of that group in the U.S. population.

Question 29

A 2008 American-Arab Defense Committee (ADC)report found relatively few  instances of discrimination by _______ police.

A)State
B)Local
C)ICE
D)Park Service

Question 30

__________ had the lowest victimization rates of any racial or ethnic group in the U.S. between 2002 and 2006, according to the NCVS, their violent crime victimization rate (10.6 per 1000).

A)Hispanics
B)African Americans
C)Whites
D)Asian, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander Americans

Question 31

Mediation of a citizen complaint against the police is a court-ordered process in which the complainant and the officer meet face-to-face.

Question 32

Community policing works only if residents are aware of and involved in the program.

Question 33

Recent immigration trends have heightened the importance of having bilingual officers who can communicate in Spanish or Asian languages.

Question 34

A crime committed by a non-Indian person on a reservation is the responsibility of the ________.

Question 35

The police-community relations programs of the 1960s were surprisingly effective for first-generation innovations.

Question 36

Research has shown that people's attitudes are affected by how they are treated by the police and not necessarily by the outcome of the interaction.

Question 37

The term "driving while black" was coined to describe the police practice of:

A)racial profiling .
B)hassling.
C)zero-tolerance enforcement.
D)All of the above.

Question 38

Economic class makes no difference in how people of color view the police.

Question 39

There is little data on the shootings of Hispanics and none on Native Americans or Asian Americans.

Question 40

Having __________ officers on the force may improve the ability of the police to serve communities of recent immigrants and in that respect improve police-community relations with those groups.

Question 41

Discuss some of the steps police departments have taken to increase diversity in hiring and why they were necessary.

Question 42

Some community activists have argued that departments should assign more  African-American officers to African-American neighborhoods and more Hispanic officers to Hispanic neighborhood. The problem with this idea is that it  would "_________" officers of color and deny them the variety of assignments and  experience.

Question 43

Shootings and other highly publicized incidents involving the police have a  significant _________effect on public attitudes.

Question 44

The ADC reported more than ___ violent attacks on Arab Americans in the first 9 weeks following the 9/11 terrorist attack

Question 45

Explain the four contexts of policing and how they help us understand the complex, sometimes contradictory evidence related to police and racial and ethnic minorities.

Question 46

Explain the problems related to policing the Native American community.

Question 47

Allegations of _______ discrimination in arrests have been a controversy in American policing for decades

Question 48

The term police __________is a political term with no precise legal meaning.

Question 49

Discuss the controversy surrounding discrimination in arrests.

Question 50

Explain the circumstances relating to Tennessee v. Garner (1985), including the U.S. Supreme Court's ruling in the case.