Deck 4: Personal, Legal, Ethical, and Organizational Issues

Question 1

To minimize the invasion of privacy, users should be barred from reviewing their records.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

E-wallets and smart cards increase the risks of exposing consumers' information on the Web.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Green computing helps an organization save on energy costs.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

With employee-monitoring systems, managers can supervise employees' work speeds.

Question 5

Under the GDPR, users must be notified regarding any types of data breaches within 12 hours of learning of the breach.

Question 6

According to the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA), any information collected from children must have parental consent.

Question 7

Under the GDPR individuals can easily transfer their personal data between service providers.

Question 8

One of the ways in which green computing can be achieved is by replacing meetings over computer networks with actual face-to-face meetings.

Question 9

Private information on the Web-what is posted by a person-is subject to censorship.

Question 10

Copyright laws cover online materials that can be printed or saved on a storage device.

Question 11

Information technologies have led to job deskilling.

Question 12

A virtual organization needs an organizational hierarchy for participants to contribute their expertise.

Question 13

Because sending spam is expensive, a small response-a fraction of a percent, for example-is an inadequate return on the investment.

Question 14

A company that sells products or services to EU residents must be aware of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)and its consequences only if the company is located in the EU.

Question 15

The goal of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)is to create more consistent protection of consumer and personal data across EU nations.

Question 16

Information technologies have decreased the ease of access to information for hackers as well as for legitimate organizations.

Question 17

A patent protects product names and identifying marks.

Question 18

As a knowledge worker, while making a work-related decision, it is unnecessary to check if the decision complies with the organization's values.

Question 19

Ergonomics experts believe that using better-designed furniture can solve many of the health problems related to computer equipment.

Question 20

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)only applies to select EU member states.

Question 21

To minimize the invasion of privacy, users and organizations should:

A)provide wrong data to unauthorized users.
B)use verification procedures to ensure data accuracy.
C)keep collected information even after the stated purpose is over.
D)provide access to one's personal information to all interested parties.

Question 22

To minimize the invasion of privacy, _____.

A)organizations should not delete data even when it is not needed
B)users should be able to review their records and correct any inaccuracies
C)organizations should not modify data once it is entered into an information system
D)users should provide unlimited access to personal information to those who have authorization

Question 23

Misuse of an individual's medical records will not prevent them from obtaining employment.

Question 24

A supercookie tracks a user's browsing activities even in a privacy mode.

Question 25

_____, which are generated by Web server software, record a user's actions on a Web site.

A)Viruses
B)Junk e-mails
C)Worms
D)Log files

Question 26

In the context of Web and network privacy, _____ is a method for binding all the parties to a contract.

A)phishing
B)nonrepudiation
C)cybersquatting
D)encapsulation

Question 27

Under the GDPR, businesses that deal with US citizens must designate a data protection officer that will build a data protection program to meet GDPR requirements.

Question 28

To minimize the invasion of privacy, organizations should:

A)not delete data even when it is not needed.
B)not modify data once it is entered into an information system.
C)collect only the data that is necessary for the stated purpose.
D)provide unlimited access to personal information to those who have authorization.

Question 29

In the context of Web and network privacy, an acceptable use policy is a:

A)legal document that protects an organization from embezzlement of money by its service providers.
B)set of rules to govern the electronic fund transfers between an organization and its clients.
C)legal document that contains an agreement of the issues documented by the health and social issues of pharmaceuticals.
D)set of rules specifying the legal and ethical use of a system and the consequences of noncompliance.

Question 30

Only a few organizations have policies stating that e-mail sent on company-owned computers are the organization's property.

Question 31

Which is included in the goal of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)?

A)Safeguarding patients' billing information
B)Protecting patients' computer records
C)Protecting patients' credit information
D)Safeguarding conversations between patients and their families

Question 32

E-commune, an e-commerce company, uses small text files with unique ID tags to collect users' data. These text files are embedded in a Web browser and saved on the user's hard drive. They make it possible for E-commune to customize its Web page for its customers. Given this information, it can be concluded that E-commune uses _____ to collect data.

A)applets
B)cookies
C)kernels
D)log files

Question 33

To ensure privacy and accuracy, organizations should allow users to review and correct collected data.

Question 34

In the context of information privacy, which is true of cookies?

A)They record users' actions on a Web site.
B)They get saved on a computers' primary memory.
C)They provide information about users' location.
D)They make it impossible for Web sites to customize pages for users.

Question 35

In order to overcome concerns about hackers getting access to the accounts of online shoppers, electronic payment systems such as _____ are being developed.

A)credit cards
B)e-checks
C)debit cards
D)e-wallets

Question 36

Jared makes two copies of an antivirus software package he just bought and sells one of the copies to Joshua. In this scenario, Jared's actions are considered _____.

A)ethical, but illegal
B)unethical, but legal
C)illegal and unethical
D)legal and ethical

Question 37

The goal of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)includes:

A)safeguarding health insurers' credit information.
B)protecting medical providers' notes and records.
C)protecting patients' bank information.
D)safeguarding conversations between patients and their families.

Question 38

In the context of information privacy, junk e-mail is also known as _____.

A)cookie
B)bookmark
C)spam
D)draft

Question 39

In the context of information privacy, which of the following is true of spam?

A)It is solicited e-mail sent for business purposes.
B)It can only be send to a small number of people.
C)It is sent in bulk using automated mailing software.
D)It can only be used to provide access to legitimate e-mails.

Question 40

Which is a commonly used technology for data collection?

A)Applets
B)Kernels
C)Cookies
D)Firewalls

Question 41

In the context of intellectual property, _____ are categorized as industrial property.

A)copyrights
B)music albums
C)novels
D)logos

Question 42

Alfred, a software programmer at Gamma Inc., develops a program that spreads Trojan viruses to the organization's network. When Liam, his manager, discovers that Alfred had intentionally spread the virus, he immediately fires Alfred. In this scenario, Liam's behavior is considered _____.

A)illegal and unethical
B)legal, but unethical
C)illegal, but ethical
D)legal and ethical

Question 43

_____ laws give only the creator exclusive privileges, meaning no one else can reproduce, distribute, or perform the literary and artistic work without permission.

A)Trademark
B)Invention
C)Patent
D)Copyright

Question 44

In the 1997 Reno v. ACLU case, the U.S. Supreme Court unanimously voted to strike down the anti-indecency provisions of the Communications Decency Act (CDA)because they violated the:

A)freedom of speech provisions of the First Amendment.
B)self-defense provisions of the Second Amendment.
C)Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
D)Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution.

Question 45

_____ permits you to use copyrighted material for certain purposes, such as quoting passages of a book in literary reviews.

A)Uniform Civil Code
B)The Fair Use Doctrine
C)The Copyright Act of 1790
D)IT code of conduct

Question 46

Albert applied for a consumer durables loan at Horizon Bank and had to provide his personal information in the loan application form. John, the banker in charge, used Albert's information to sell him a credit card issued by Horizon Bank. In this scenario, John's action is considered _____.

A)illegal and unethical
B)illegal but ethical
C)legal but unethical
D)legal and ethical

Question 47

Identify a true statement about copyright laws.

A)They protect new processes.
B)They protect product names.
C)They protect tangible material, such as books.
D)They protect product identifying marks, such as logos.

Question 48

Organizations can benefit from patents as they can use patents:

A)for an unlimited period of time.
B)for contents derived from other processes.
C)to upgrade a pre-existing patented process.
D)to keep competitors from entering certain market segments.

Question 49

Identify a program used by parents to prevent their children's access to certain Web sites.

A)Hideman
B)Betternet
C)CYBERSitter
D)ZenMate

Question 50

When a user accidentally enters an incorrect Web site address, he or she may be directed to an alternative Web site. This is an example of _____.

A)cyberstalking
B)typosquatting
C)phishing
D)spamming

Question 51

Which protects contents of an HTML code?

A)Copyright laws
B)Patent laws
C)Laws governing trademarks
D)Industrial property laws

Question 52

What information can be censored if the content is deemed offensive to a political, religious, or cultural group?

A)Public
B)Private
C)Secretive
D)Abstracted

Question 53

According to the 1980 revisions to the Copyright Act of 1976, _____.

A)copyright holders can perform a copyrighted work by means of digital audio transmission
B)copyright protection extends to original works of authorship in architectural fields
C)both people and organizations can be held liable for unauthorized duplication and use of copyrighted programs
D)the owner of a copyrighted program is allowed to make multiple copies or adaptations for use on other computers

Question 54

Clement applies for a home loan at Global Bank Inc. As part of the process, he provides his personal details to the banker who is responsible for sanctioning loans. The banker uses Clement's personal information to sell him insurance policies. In this scenario, the banker's action is considered _____.

A)unethical and illegal
B)ethical, but illegal
C)legal and ethical
D)legal, but unethical

Question 55

A credit card company sells its customers' mailing addresses to its competitors. In this scenario, the company's action is considered _____.

A)ethical, but illegal
B)legal, but unethical
C)illegal and unethical
D)legal and ethical

Question 56

In the context of intellectual property, which is categorized as copyrighted material?

A)Trademarks
B)Industrial designs
C)Artistic works
D)Inventions

Question 57

In the context of ethical issues of information technologies, restricting access to the Web is a type of _____.

A)cybersquatting
B)censorship
C)copyright
D)spamming

Question 58

Which principle states that Internet service providers (ISPs)and government agencies should treat all data on the Internet equally?

A)Internet censorship
B)Net neutrality
C)Internet security
D)Free Basics

Question 59

In general, _____ last the author's lifetime plus 70 years and do not need to be renewed.

A)copyrights
B)patents
C)aero designs
D)industrial designs

Question 60

In the context of intellectual property, _____ is registering, selling, or using a domain name to profit from someone else's trademark.

A)sniffing
B)phishing
C)cybersquatting
D)spamming

Question 61

In the context of Web and network privacy issues, new employees in an organization have to sign a(n)_____ before they access the network.

A)article ownership policy
B)standard data policy
C)acceptable use policy
D)user content policy

Question 62

To guard against possible legal ramifications and the consequences of using the Web and networks, an organization usually establishes a(n)_____ .

A)acceptable use policy
B)standard data policy
C)article ownership policy
D)user content policy

Question 63

Which is true of virtual organizations?

A)They need central offices for participants to contribute their expertise.
B)They are networks of dependent companies and manufacturers connected via information technologies.
C)They let independent suppliers share skills and have access to each other's markets via information technologies.
D)They need an organizational hierarchy for participants to contribute their expertise.

Question 64

In the context of privacy issues, unsolicited e-mail sent for advertising purposes is called _____ .

A)a virus
B)a bug
C)spam
D)a cookie

Question 65

Which is a potential benefit of telecommuting?

A)It increases productivity.
B)It regulates work routine.
C)It separates work and home life.
D)It increases the interaction with coworkers.

Question 66

The cost of hiring additional employees in virtual organizations is reduced because:

A)there is less emphasis on hiring new talent.
B)skills are shared among the participating companies.
C)companies hire candidates with minimum experience.
D)training costs are reduced because of the absence of training programs.

Question 67

Which is a potential drawback of telecommuting?

A)Increased interruptions from coworkers
B)Lack of necessary supplies or equipment
C)Increased employee turnover and absenteeism
D)Difficult work environment for employees with disabilities

Question 68

_____  are small text files with unique ID tags that are embedded in a Web browser and saved on the user's hard drive.

A)Applets
B)Kernels
C)Cookies
D)Firewalls

Question 69

Identify a true statement about information technology.

A)It has increased clerical jobs.
B)It has cut down production costs.
C)It has reduced consumers' purchasing power.
D)It has eliminated more jobs than it has created.

Question 70

Job deskilling occurs when:

A)experienced labor is eliminated by high technology.
B)a worker is promoted from a semiskilled to a skilled position.
C)a job is carried out manually.
D)fragmented jobs are combined as a whole.

Question 71

Using _____ is a way to solve health issues related to computer equipment.

A)correct lighting
B)wired keyboards
C)a high capacity RAM
D)a high speed Internet

Question 72

In the context of information technology in workplaces, clerical workers using computers for word-processing tasks is an example of _____.

A)job restraining
B)job upgrading
C)job deskilling
D)job sharing

Question 73

Which can help offset the digital divide?

A)Increasing the speed of the Internet for the information rich
B)Increasing the number of computers in public places
C)Reducing the number of computer equipment at schools
D)Reducing the Internet bandwidth for the information poor

Question 74

_____  make it possible for Web sites to customize pages for users, such as an e-commerce Web site recommending items based on your past purchases.

A)Cookies
B)Trojans
C)Applets
D)Kernels

Question 75

A potential benefit of telecommuting is that it _____.

A)regulates work routine
B)reduces employee turnover
C)separates work and home life
D)increases interaction with coworkers

Question 76

In the context of information technology in workplaces, which allows adding new tasks to employees' responsibilities?

A)Job virtualization
B)Job upgrading
C)Job deskilling
D)Job rotation

Question 77

Which is a true statement about information and communications technology (ICT)?

A)It generates approximately six percent of the world's greenhouse gases.
B)It generates approximately two percent of the world's carbon dioxide emissions.
C)It generates more carbon dioxide emissions than the aviation industry.
D)It degrades the quality of the environment in which you work.

Question 78

_____ involves the design, manufacture, use, and disposal of computers and servers in such a way that there is minimal impact on the environment.

A)Cloud computing
B)Mobile computing
C)Green computing
D)Natural computing

Question 79

Green computing can be achieved by:

A)using computing devices that are nonbiodegradable.
B)replacing meetings over computer networks with actual face-to-face meetings.
C)replacing one large server with several underutilized smaller servers.
D)using video conferencing, electronic meeting systems, and groupware.

Question 80

A common way to index and link databases is by using _____ .

A)key customer numbers
B)Virtual Account numbers
C)Social Security numbers
D)protected electronic numbers