Deck 8: Animal Feeding and Digestion

Question 1

The night prior to a football game, the coach tells his students to eat pasta to "carbo load" their bodies. Excess carbohydrates are stored as __________ in animals.

A) glucose
B) simple sugars
C) glycogen
D) starch

Answer 1

C

Question 2

All of the following are fluid feeders EXCEPT

A) aphids.
B) leeches.
C) earthworms.
D) ticks.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

A high proportion of the food that cattle eat cannot be digested by cattle.

A) True, cattle have large saclike pouches that house plant-digesting microbes.
B) False, cattle are herbivores and thus produce the necessary enzyme to digest plant material.
C) True, this is why cattle have to eat large amounts of food, because most passes undigested through their gut.
D) False, cattle eat highly nutritious plants that are readily digested.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Chris is studying the chemical properties of different amino acids. Thus, he is paying particular attention to __________.

A) hydrocarbon chains
B) the R group
C) triglycerides
D) enzymes

Question 5

Which of the following are adaptations of fluid feeders that feed on the blood of other animals?

A) piercing and sucking mouthparts
B) production of anesthetic compounds
C) production of anticoagulants
D) all of these

Question 6

Which one of the following macronutrients stores the most amount of energy per gram?

A) fats
B) carbohydrates
C) nucleic acids
D) proteins

Question 7

Minerals differ from nutrients because minerals __________.

A) do not contain carbon
B) are organic
C) are only required in small quantities
D) are essential to the diet

Question 8

Sponges, which are found in aquatic environments, have special flagellated cells that help to draw food into their body cavities. Sponges are most likely __________.

A) filter feeders
B) fluid feeders
C) bulk feeders
D) predators

Question 9

Starch, cellulose, and glycogen have all of the following in common EXCEPT:

A) They are complex carbohydrates.
B) They are composed of glucose molecules.
C) They contain hydrocarbon chains.
D) They contain oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen atoms.

Question 10

Compounds such as salt and calcium are __________.

A) minerals
B) vitamins
C) micronutrients
D) organic

Question 11

Stacy is studying the structure of plant cell walls. Thus, she is studying __________.

A) a carbohydrate
B) a protein
C) glucose molecules
D) both a carbohydrate and glucose molecules

Question 12

An essential nutrient __________.

A) is produced in high quantities in the body
B) is produced in small quantities in the body
C) must be obtained through the diet
D) is a rich source of minerals

Question 13

Prior to hibernation, bears seek food with what primary nutrient?

A) fat
B) protein
C) carbohydrate
D) starch

Question 14

All of the following are involved with chewing the cud EXCEPT

A) regurgitation of food.
B) increased breakdown of food.
C) exposure of new surfaces for rumen microbes.
D) incorporation of more oxygen into the food.

Question 15

Vultures feed on dead and decaying animals. They have large, powerful beaks, which rip strips of meat off a carcass that are then swallowed whole. These animals are __________.

A) bulk feeders
B) fluid feeders
C) predators
D) filter feeders

Question 16

Which one of the following is not one of the major elements that make up 96 percent of all living organisms?

A) carbon
B) oxygen
C) helium
D) nitrogen

Question 17

If an adult man and woman, both weighing 160 pounds, were stranded on a desert island with no food, which individual would survive the longest on their body stores?

A) the man
B) the woman
C) impossible to tell
D) There would be no difference because they have the same body mass.

Question 18

Which of the following are most important at all levels of metabolism?

A) enzymes
B) carbohydrates
C) minerals
D) hydrogen ions

Question 19

Which one of the following would provide the most calories?

A) 2 grams of salt
B) 3 grams of butter
C) 4 grams of sugar
D) 5 grams of hamburger

Question 20

Incisors and canine teeth are most commonly found in __________.

A) carnivores
B) herbivores
C) filter feeders
D) both carnivores and filter feeders

Question 21

Which of the following is essential for chemical reactions, metabolic processes, and body temperature regulation?

A) water
B) oxygen
C) carbon dioxide
D) all of these

Question 22

All of the following are examples of how animals gain water EXCEPT

A) metabolism.
B) foods.
C) drink.
D) evaporation.

Question 23

In this figure, which organ is associated with the breakdown of fat globules?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 24

In many animals that have a high cellulose diet but who are not ruminants, the __________ tends to be large.

A) cecum
B) stomach
C) large intestine
D) pancreas

Question 25

In this figure, which organ is associated with the production of the majority of digestive enzymes?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 26

If the pH of the mouth becomes more acidic, which of the following is true?

A) All food types are broken down chemically.
B) Amylase function decreases.
C) Pepsin starts breaking down proteins.
D) Amylase function increases.

Question 27

Lactose intolerance in humans is the inability to digest a specific sugar found in milk and some milk-derived dairy products. This milk sugar is called lactose, and it is broken down into two simple sugars, glucose and galactose, by the enzyme lactase. Symptoms of this disease, which occur after a person consumes significant amounts of lactose, include abdominal bloating and cramps as well as diarrhea and nausea. Many mammalian species become lactose intolerant shortly after weaning. At this time, the gene that produces lactase becomes inactive so that the enzyme is no longer produced. However, some human populations (approximately 25 percent of all adults) have developed lactase persistence, in which lactase is continually produced throughout adulthood. Milk often contains fats as well as sugars. Fats require secretions from the __________ before they can be fully digested and absorbed.

A) gallbladder
B) small intestine
C) pancreas
D) liver

Question 28

Andrew is studying bone development and calcium absorption in elephants. Which vitamin is likely an important component of his study?

A) vitamin D
B) vitamin A
C) vitamin K
D) vitamin B

Question 29

Lactose intolerance in humans is the inability to digest a specific sugar found in milk and some milk-derived dairy products. This milk sugar is called lactose, and it is broken down into two simple sugars, glucose and galactose, by the enzyme lactase. Symptoms of this disease, which occur after a person consumes significant amounts of lactose, include abdominal bloating and cramps as well as diarrhea and nausea. Many mammalian species become lactose intolerant shortly after weaning. At this time, the gene that produces lactase becomes inactive so that the enzyme is no longer produced. However, some human populations (approximately 25 percent of all adults) have developed lactase persistence, in which lactase is continually produced throughout adulthood. Which of the following human populations likely evolved lactase persistence?

A) populations living on islands
B) populations in which milk is a component of the diet throughout an individual's life
C) populations in which milk-derived products are essential for young individuals
D) Lactase persistence will evolve in any population that has a strong need for digesting milk.

Question 30

Lactose intolerance in humans is the inability to digest a specific sugar found in milk and some milk-derived dairy products. This milk sugar is called lactose, and it is broken down into two simple sugars, glucose and galactose, by the enzyme lactase. Symptoms of this disease, which occur after a person consumes significant amounts of lactose, include abdominal bloating and cramps as well as diarrhea and nausea. Many mammalian species become lactose intolerant shortly after weaning. At this time, the gene that produces lactase becomes inactive so that the enzyme is no longer produced. However, some human populations (approximately 25 percent of all adults) have developed lactase persistence, in which lactase is continually produced throughout adulthood. In humans, where does lactose digestion occur?

A) stomach
B) mouth
C) small intestine
D) pancreas

Question 31

Lactose intolerance in humans is the inability to digest a specific sugar found in milk and some milk-derived dairy products. This milk sugar is called lactose, and it is broken down into two simple sugars, glucose and galactose, by the enzyme lactase. Symptoms of this disease, which occur after a person consumes significant amounts of lactose, include abdominal bloating and cramps as well as diarrhea and nausea. Many mammalian species become lactose intolerant shortly after weaning. At this time, the gene that produces lactase becomes inactive so that the enzyme is no longer produced. However, some human populations (approximately 25 percent of all adults) have developed lactase persistence, in which lactase is continually produced throughout adulthood. The building blocks for the enzyme lactase are

A) proteins.
B) amino acids.
C) nucleic acids.
D) glucose molecules.

Question 32

Amylase has specific active sites for which type of molecule?

A) carbohydrates
B) proteins
C) lipids
D) amino acids

Question 33

Many desert animals will restrict activity to the cooler parts of the day. In terms of water conservation, nighttime activity reduces water loss via __________.

A) metabolism
B) evaporation
C) urine
D) drinking

Question 34

Lactose intolerance in humans is the inability to digest a specific sugar found in milk and some milk-derived dairy products. This milk sugar is called lactose, and it is broken down into two simple sugars, glucose and galactose, by the enzyme lactase. Symptoms of this disease, which occur after a person consumes significant amounts of lactose, include abdominal bloating and cramps as well as diarrhea and nausea. Many mammalian species become lactose intolerant shortly after weaning. At this time, the gene that produces lactase becomes inactive so that the enzyme is no longer produced. However, some human populations (approximately 25 percent of all adults) have developed lactase persistence, in which lactase is continually produced throughout adulthood. Based on the information provided, lactose is likely a(n) __________.

A) complex carbohydrate
B) protein
C) amino acid
D) triglyceride

Question 35

Which of the following is incorrectly paired?

A) villi-increase surface-to-volume ratio for absorption of nutrients
B) pancreas-secretes substances that neutralize stomach acid
C) gallbladder-produces bile that breaks down fat globules
D) colon-functions in water reabsorption

Question 36

Animals such as rabbits eat their own feces.

A) False, this behavior is only seen in ruminants.
B) True, this behavior is seen in many ruminants such as rabbits.
C) False, however, this behavior can be observed in any malnourished animal.
D) True, they can recapture some essential nutrients from their feces.

Question 37

Chemical digestion of amino acids using pepsin begins in which organ?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 38

Celiac disease is a condition in which the lining of the small intestine is damaged. Which of the following is most affected by this disease?

A) villi
B) gallbladder
C) bile secretion
D) salivary glands

Question 39

The chemical digestion of which macromolecule occurs in the mouth?

A) carbohydrates
B) proteins
C) lipids
D) all of these

Question 40

Celiac disease is a condition in which the lining of the small intestine is damaged. Which digestive process is primarily impacted by this disease?

A) nutrient absorption
B) chemical breakdown
C) production of digestive enzymes
D) bile production

Question 41

Lactose intolerance in humans is the inability to digest a specific sugar found in milk and some milk-derived dairy products. This milk sugar is called lactose, and it is broken down into two simple sugars, glucose and galactose, by the enzyme lactase. Symptoms of this disease, which occur after a person consumes significant amounts of lactose, include abdominal bloating and cramps as well as diarrhea and nausea. Many mammalian species become lactose intolerant shortly after weaning. At this time, the gene that produces lactase becomes inactive so that the enzyme is no longer produced. However, some human populations (approximately 25 percent of all adults) have developed lactase persistence, in which lactase is continually produced throughout adulthood. Genes for lactase must be __________ in the nucleus to produce a strand of mRNA.

A) transcribed
B) translated
C) decoded
D) read

Question 42

Lactose intolerance in humans is the inability to digest a specific sugar found in milk and some milk-derived dairy products. This milk sugar is called lactose, and it is broken down into two simple sugars, glucose and galactose, by the enzyme lactase. Symptoms of this disease, which occur after a person consumes significant amounts of lactose, include abdominal bloating and cramps as well as diarrhea and nausea. Many mammalian species become lactose intolerant shortly after weaning. At this time, the gene that produces lactase becomes inactive so that the enzyme is no longer produced. However, some human populations (approximately 25 percent of all adults) have developed lactase persistence, in which lactase is continually produced throughout adulthood. Which organelle is involved directly with lactase production?

A) ribosome
B) mitochondrion
C) Golgi complex
D) lysosome