Deck 13: Power and the Global Community

Question 1

The theory that posits that the industrialized nations of the West play a strategic role in "developing" the underdeveloped world is

A) modernization theory.
B) dependency theory.
C) co-dependency theory.
D) world systems theory.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Research indicates that even when governments prioritize AIDS prevention, infection rates do not drop.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

War creates hunger by making food-producing activities more dangerous, and by interfering with distribution of food.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Extreme income poverty is defined as earning less than $5.00 per day.

Question 5

Natural disasters often cause irrevocable long-term damage in least-developed countries (LDCs) that make food supplies scarce.

Question 6

UNICEF makes no distinction between child labor and child work.

Question 7

Rural life emphasized primary group ties, or interactions within the extended family.

Question 8

Diaspora refers to the scattering of a people away from the ancestral homeland.

Question 9

Dependency theory argues that modernization occurs because of the toils of those exploited within the Western world and because of the exploitation of cheap labor and natural resources in the developing world.

Question 10

One cause of hunger is the spread of HIV/AIDS, which has meant that 60-70 percent of farms have lost laborers due to the disease.

Question 11

Modernization theory posits that the industrialized nations of the west play a strategic role in developing the underdeveloped world.

Question 12

Debt bondage resembles traditional indentured servitude, except that the victim can leave his or her job whenever he or she wants to.

Question 13

Wallerstein asserted that the core wealthy nations of the world rely on a peripheral group of poorer countries in order to remain wealthy, but that some states

A) don't mind that they are being exploited.
B) act as both core and periphery in a world system economy.
C) think that modernization is ethnocentric and have no part of it.
D) realize they are without power to become one of the core wealthy nations.

Question 14

The theory that argues that modernization exploited both individuals within industrialized economies and LDCs on the whole is

A) modernization theory.
B) dependency theory.
C) co-dependency theory.
D) world systems theory.

Question 15

Over two thirds of the world's hungry live in the United States or Canada.

Question 16

Largely due to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, slavery in the twenty-first century does not exist.

Question 17

Rural communities are less stable than urban communities, with respect to both physical and social mobility.

Question 18

Social control in the cities depends in large degree on formal mechanisms such as laws, the courts, and police.

Question 19

According to Louis Wirth, one of the distinguishing characteristics of urban life is population density.

Question 20

An estimated 10 million people in industrialized nations suffer from inadequate nutrition.

Question 21

Today, most of the largest cities in the world are found in the less-developed societies. Soon only one of the largest cities in the world will be in the United States. That city is

A) Miami.
B) Chicago.
C) New York.
D) Washington, D.C.

Question 22

What company has frequently been criticized for using child labor?

A) Adidas
B) Nike
C) Champion
D) Reebok

Question 23

Mobility, or ease of movement, is one characteristic of urban life. It can take which of the following forms?

A) Physical and psychological
B) Social and psychological
C) Physical and social
D) Social and emotional

Question 24

The United Nations notes that the organized prostitution of both boys and girls in a number of countries is well documented and oftentimes is linked to

A) international drug trade.
B) international pedophilia and child pornography.
C) countries without technology to detect its occurrence.
D) religious cults.

Question 25

The UN Food and Agriculture Organization estimates that approximately how many people in the world are undernourished?

A) 10 billion
B) 50 million
C) 800 million.
D) 1.5 billion.

Question 26

Which of the following universally prohibits slavery in all forms?

A) The Universal Declaration of Independence
B) The Universal Anti-Slavery Compact
C) The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
D) The U.N. Charter

Question 27

The two diseases that kill the most children under the age of five include

A) malaria and chicken pox.
B) rotavirus and malaria.
C) chicken pox and mumps.
D) rubella and whooping cough.

Question 28

Poverty causes health crises because the impoverished are less likely to

A) treat disease early.
B) have access to health care.
C) afford or have access to adequate nutrition.
D) all of these.

Question 29

Extreme income poverty is

A) defined as earning less than $1.25 per day.
B) found primarily in East Asia, Africa, South Asia and the Pacific.
C) defined as earning less than $5 per day.
D) Both Options A and B are true.

Question 30

Poverty is not just an issue in developing countries. United Nations data indicate that most industrial countries have seen rises in all but which of the following?

A) Per capita income
B) Income inequality
C) Poverty rates
D) Long-term unemployment

Question 31

Increasing the number of persons with whom an individual comes into contact makes it impossible for that individual to know everyone well. The result is knowing many people, but only in their partial roles. This concept is known as

A) primary group ties.
B) secondary group ties.
C) segmentalization.
D) heterogeneity.

Question 32

Urban life is said to center around voluntary associations and secondary group memberships instead of family. Which of the following does not fit the pattern of interaction for urban dwellers?

A) Business groups
B) Civic clubs
C) Recreational groups
D) One-on-one interpersonal interactions

Question 33

Who don't aren't more children in less-developed countries given the vaccine for rotavirus?

A) It isn't accessible to them because it needs to be refrigerated.
B) People in the less-developed countries fear that vaccines will be lethal.
C) There is no vaccine for rotavirus.
D) It is distributed via the water systems, and many don't have access to water.

Question 34

Increasing the number of people in a community limits the possibility that each member of the community will

A) know everyone else personally.
B) know enough people to be socially fulfilled.
C) know anyone outside of the primary group.
D) have more influence over the control of neighbors, churches, and other groups.

Question 35

What drastically reduced the infant death rate?

A) Unionization
B) The Industrial Revolution
C) A reduction in birth rates after WWII
D) The availability of penicillin

Question 36

Urbanism fosters feelings of________, or a sense of social isolation and loss of personal recognition and self-worth.

A) mobility
B) diaspora
C) anomie
D) anonymity

Question 37

The number of births annually per one thousand women of childbearing age is called the fertility rate. The fertility rate in less-developed nations is

A) rising rapidly.
B) not possible to monitor.
C) expected to decline.
D) staying the same.

Question 38

In modern times, slavery takes on a wide variety of forms. Which of the following are among those forms?

A) Child labor
B) Use of children in armed conflict
C) Trafficking in women and children for prostitution
D) All of these are modern forms of slavery.

Question 39

The problem of hunger has numerous causes, both natural and man-made. Which of the following is NOT a human-made situation that causes hunger?

A) War
B) Political structure
C) Economic systems
D) Tsunamis

Question 40

One of the distinguishing characteristics of urban life is large numbers of people living in close proximity to each other who are different from one another. Which sociologist provided this definition of urbanism?

A) Thomas Malthus
B) Karl Marx
C) Louis Wirth
D) None of these

Question 41

Differences in the way that people make their livings, in their income and educational levels, in the color of their skin, in the way that they worship, and in their style of living-all are at the root of

A) political life in the metropolis.
B) hope for a great revolution.
C) social life in the rural areas.
D) why urban dwellers are becoming more impersonal and anonymous.

Question 42

Technology has affected economic development in terms of production and as a medium of communication. Today, many nations' economies rely on

A) the United States to set the standards.
B) jobs provided in customer service.
C) jobs provided in producing computers, tablets, and cell phones.
D) changing educational systems to prepare the workforce for jobs in technology and science.

Question 43

Movement from one social status to another is __________mobility.

Question 44

Explain the world systems theory.

Question 45

Social mobility is greater in the city. Which of the following contributes to the increased social mobility?

A) The increased economic opportunities found there
B) More mates to choose from
C) More upper class citizens to network with
D) More transportation modes available

Question 46

One of the most effective ________ prevention techniques is sleeping under an insecticide-treated net.

Question 47

_________ is the study of the population and of population changes.

Question 48

What is the relationship between anomie and urbanization?

Question 49

What is the relationship between economic development and fertility rates?

Question 50

What are the problems of social control in the urban society?

Question 51

Explain the concept of segmentalization of human relationships and describe the conditions under which it occurs.

Question 52

As cellular technology becomes less expensive and more readily available, it is apparent that it is fostering development and communication in many societies that are

A) without infrastructure to support the growth.
B) "leap-frogging" over the traditional, costly, wired communication systems.
C) trying to keep the small business profits in line.
D) about to give up on development.

Question 53

Explain how heterogeneity occurs as populations transition from rural to urban.

Question 54

How does war lead to hunger?

Question 55

The number of deaths annually per one thousand people is called the __________.

Question 56

Urban growth is proceeding more rapidly in Asia, Africa, and Latin America than it is in ________ or __________.

Question 57

Describe the relationship between poverty, power, and any two modern forms of slavery.

Question 58

Describe the living conditions for many of the millions of people who migrate from the countryside to cities in less developed countries.

Question 59

How do human traffickers acquire their victims for sexual exploitation?

Question 60

Describe the conditions under which children are forced to take part in armed conflict.

Question 61

The segment in the text on "Worldwide Urbanization" paints a very bleak picture of urban life for many of the world's population in LDC cities. Briefly describe those conditions, and explain how developed nations prevent those conditions from occurring.

Question 62

Explain the ways that lack of access to technology can sustain the power inequality among the world's poorest people in the changing global environment.

Question 63

Explain how a developed nation might escape food scarcity after being hit by the same natural disaster that created extreme food shortage in a less developed country.

Question 64

Compare and contrast the strengths and criticisms of modernization theory and dependency theory in the analysis of globalization.

Question 65

Explain how technology in the global environment has contributed to the condition of diaspora.

Question 66

Discuss the difference of how living in a developed nation rather than a less developed one can affect the care and management of the diseases outlined in the "Health and Health Care in the Global Community" section of the text.