Deck 2: The System Unit: Processing and Memory
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Deck 2: The System Unit: Processing and Memory
1
To convert analog sound to digital sound, several thousand samples-digital representations of the sound at a particular moment-are taken every second.
True
2
The main circuit board inside the system unit is called the megaboard.
False
3
MIDI ports are used to receive wireless transmissions from devices.
False
4
Each location in memory has an address.
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5
The decode unit coordinates and controls the operations and activities taking place within the CPU.
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6
As a hard drive begins to get full, it takes less time to locate and manipulate the data stored on the drive.
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7
Several of the original ports used with desktop computers-such as the parallel ports traditionally used to connect printers-are now considered standard ports.
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8
Pipelining increases the number of machine cycles completed per second.
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9
Each pixel in a monochrome graphic can be only one of two possible colors (such as black or white).
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10
The number of bits being transmitted at one time is dependent on the bus width.
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11
USB ports are used to connect a computer to a phone outlet via telephone connectors.
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12
The backside bus (BSB) has been one of the most common types of expansion buses in past years.
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13
The control unit takes the instructions fetched by the prefetch unit and translates them into a form that can be understood by the control unit, ALU, and FPU.
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14
Traditionally, PC Cards were used for notebook expansion.
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15
The binary numbering system uses only two symbols-the digits 0 and 1-to represent all possible numbers.
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16
ROM (read-only memory), also called main memory, is used to store the essential parts of the operating system while the computer is running.
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17
The process of representing data in digital form so it can be used by a digital computer is called decimal byte representation.
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18
Typically, 3D chips are created by layering individual silicon wafers on top of one another.
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19
Early computers required programs to be written in machine language.
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20
Unlike ASCII, Unicode is a universal coding standard designed to represent text-based data written in any language, including those with different alphabets.
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21

The accompanying figure shows a DIMM RAM microprocessor. _________________________
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22
With bitmapped images, the color of each ____ is represented by bits; the more bits used, the better the image quality.
A) pixel
B) vector
C) map
D) byte
A) pixel
B) vector
C) map
D) byte
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23
Benchmark tests typically run the same series of programs on several computer systems that are identical except for one component (such as the CPU) and measure how long each task takes in order to determine the overall relative performance of the component being tested. _________________________
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24
Eight bits grouped together are collectively referred to as a ____.
A) kilobit
B) byte
C) pixel
D) binary
A) kilobit
B) byte
C) pixel
D) binary
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25
Most recent software programs, including the latest versions of Microsoft Windows, Mac OS, and Microsoft Office, use ASCII. _________________________
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26
Today's CPUs contain hundreds of millions of transistors, and the number doubles approximately every 18 months, a phenomenon known as Moliere's Law. _________________________
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27
A ____ is equal to 1,024 bytes.
A) kilobyte (KB)
B) megabyte (MB)
C) gigabyte (GB)
D) terabyte (TB)
A) kilobyte (KB)
B) megabyte (MB)
C) gigabyte (GB)
D) terabyte (TB)
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28
The CPU-also called the microprocessor or just the board-does the vast majority of the processing for a computer. _________________________
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29
Because of its large size, when audio data is transmitted over the Internet it is often encrypted to shorten the download time. _________________________
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30
Cache memory today is usually external cache. _________________________
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31
With pipelining, a new instruction begins executing as soon as the previous one reaches the next stage of the pipeline. _________________________
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32
Keyboards and mice are typically connected to a computers using parallel ports. _________________________
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33
ASCII is the coding system traditionally used with personal computers. _________________________
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34
The numbering system we commonly use is called the decimal numbering system because it uses ____ symbols to represent all possible numbers.
A) 2
B) 5
C) 10
D) 16
A) 2
B) 5
C) 10
D) 16
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35
Memory refers to the amount of long-term storage available to a PC. _________________________
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36
The central processing unit (CPU) consists of a variety of circuitry and components that are packaged together and connected directly to the motherboard. _________________________
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37
Each place value in a binary number represents ____ raised to the appropriate power.
A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 10
A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 10
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38
Each machine language instruction in a CPU's instruction set is broken down into several smaller, machine-level instructions called supercode. _________________________
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39
The system unit is the main case of a computer. _________________________
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40
A ____ is the smallest unit of data that a binary computer can recognize.
A) byte
B) datum
C) pixel
D) bit
A) byte
B) datum
C) pixel
D) bit
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41
One type of nonvolatile RAM, called MRAM, uses ____ polarization rather than an electrical charge to store data.
A) magnetoselective
B) magnetobalanced
C) magnetic
D) magnetocharged
A) magnetoselective
B) magnetobalanced
C) magnetic
D) magnetocharged
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42
The term ____ refers to chip-based storage used by the computer.
A) storage media
B) memory
C) hard drive
D) Zip drive
A) storage media
B) memory
C) hard drive
D) Zip drive
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43
One measurement of the speed of a CPU is the ____, which is rated in megahertz (MHz) or gigahertz (GHz).
A) system speed
B) CPU clock speed
C) system rpm
D) CPU rpm
A) system speed
B) CPU clock speed
C) system rpm
D) CPU rpm
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44
A(n) ____ instruction might look like a meaningless string of 0s and 1s, but it actually represents specific operations and storage locations.
A) COBOL language
B) ASCII
C) programming language
D) machine language
A) COBOL language
B) ASCII
C) programming language
D) machine language
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45
Most network cards contain a port that accepts a(n) ____, which looks similar to a telephone connector but is larger.
A) RJ-11 connector
B) RJ-12 connector
C) RJ-14 connector
D) RJ-45 connector
A) RJ-11 connector
B) RJ-12 connector
C) RJ-14 connector
D) RJ-45 connector
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46
____ are small components typically made out of aluminum with fins that help to dissipate heat.
A) ACs
B) Fans
C) Heat buses
D) Heat sinks
A) ACs
B) Fans
C) Heat buses
D) Heat sinks
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47
A ____ is an electronic path over which data can travel.
A) bus
B) lane
C) word
D) cache memory
A) bus
B) lane
C) word
D) cache memory
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48
Most computers today support the ____ standard, in which the computer automatically configures new devices as soon as they are installed and the PC is powered up.
A) Plug and Play
B) Match
C) Serial port
D) Parallel port
A) Plug and Play
B) Match
C) Serial port
D) Parallel port
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49
The bus width and bus speed together determine the bus's ____ or bandwidth; that is, the amount of data that can be transferred via the bus in a given period of time.
A) clock speed
B) throughput
C) machine cycle
D) memory
A) clock speed
B) throughput
C) machine cycle
D) memory
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50
____ are very small pieces of silicon or other semiconducting material onto which integrated circuits are embedded.
A) Pixels
B) Pentiums
C) Chips
D) Motherboards
A) Pixels
B) Pentiums
C) Chips
D) Motherboards
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51
The ____ enables up to 127 devices to be connected to a computer through a single port on the computer's system unit.
A) HyperTransport bus
B) USB standard
C) AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) bus
D) PCI Express Bus
A) HyperTransport bus
B) USB standard
C) AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) bus
D) PCI Express Bus
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52
The key element of the microprocessor is the ____-a device made of semiconductor material that acts like a switch controlling the flow of electrons inside a chip.
A) processor
B) transistor
C) chipbus
D) S-card
A) processor
B) transistor
C) chipbus
D) S-card
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53
____ have begun to replace ROM for storing system information, such as a PC's BIOS.
A) Motherboards
B) Microprocessors
C) Adapter cards
D) Flash memory chips
A) Motherboards
B) Microprocessors
C) Adapter cards
D) Flash memory chips
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54
A computer ____ is the amount of data (measured in bits or bytes) that a CPU can manipulate at one time.
A) word
B) character
C) statement
D) unit
A) word
B) character
C) statement
D) unit
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55
Like graphics data, ____-such as a song or the sound of someone speaking-must be in digital form in order to be stored on a storage medium or processed by a PC.
A) pixel data
B) giga data
C) audio data
D) audio programs
A) pixel data
B) giga data
C) audio data
D) audio programs
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56
In a 16.8-million-color (called photographic quality or ____) image, three bytes (24 bits) are used to store the color data for each pixel in the image.
A) mega color
B) true color
C) real color
D) full color
A) mega color
B) true color
C) real color
D) full color
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57
Video data-such as home movies, feature films, and television shows-is displayed using a collection of ____.
A) slides
B) pixels
C) vectors
D) frames
A) slides
B) pixels
C) vectors
D) frames
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58
The ____ takes instructions from the prefetch unit and translates them into a form that the control unit can understand.
A) register
B) decode unit
C) ALU
D) internal cache
A) register
B) decode unit
C) ALU
D) internal cache
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59
____ consists of nonvolatile memory chips that can be used for storage by the computer or the user.
A) RAM
B) Register
C) SDRAM
D) Flash memory
A) RAM
B) Register
C) SDRAM
D) Flash memory
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60
A USB ____ is a device that plugs into your PC's USB port to convert one port into several USB ports.
A) hub
B) module
C) bus
D) connector
A) hub
B) module
C) bus
D) connector
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61
The power supply inside a desktop computer connects to the ____________________ to deliver electricity to the computer.
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62
One nanometer (nm) is ____ of a meter.
A) one-billionth
B) one-millionth
C) one-thousandth
D) one-tenth
A) one-billionth
B) one-millionth
C) one-thousandth
D) one-tenth
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63
____________________ is a special group of very fast memory circuitry located on or close to the CPU.
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64
Instructions and data flow in and out of the CPU via the ____.
A) control unit
B) prefetch unit
C) decode unit
D) bus interface unit
A) control unit
B) prefetch unit
C) decode unit
D) bus interface unit
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65
The ____ orders data and instructions from cache or RAM based on the task at hand.
A) ALU
B) prefetch unit
C) control unit
D) decode unit
A) ALU
B) prefetch unit
C) control unit
D) decode unit
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66
A(n) ____________________ is a thin board containing chips and other electronic components.
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67
Like the CPU, RAM consists of circuits etched onto chips. These chips are arranged onto circuit boards called ____________________.
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68
The ____ tries to predict what data and instructions will be needed and retrieves them ahead of time, in order to help avoid delays in processing.
A) control unit
B) floating point unit
C) arithmetic / logic unit
D) prefetch unit
A) control unit
B) floating point unit
C) arithmetic / logic unit
D) prefetch unit
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69
____________________ are collections of electronic circuits containing microscopic pathways along which electrical current can travel.
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70
____________________ are locations on the motherboard into which expansion cards can be inserted to connect those cards to the motherboard.
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71
Terascale computing is the ability of computers to process one ____ floating-point operations per second (teraflops).
A) million
B) billion
C) trillion
D) quadrillion
A) million
B) billion
C) trillion
D) quadrillion
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72
Text-based data is represented by fixed-length binary coding systems specifically developed for text-based data-namely, ASCII, EBCDIC, and ____________________.
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73
Expansion buses connect directly to ____________________ on the system unit case or to expansion slots on the motherboard.
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74
Most CPUs today are ____________________ CPUs; that is, CPUs that contain the processing components or cores of multiple independent processors on a single CPU.
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75
In order to synchronize all of a computer's operations, a ____-a small quartz crystal located on the motherboard-is used.
A) cycle chip
B) fetch unit
C) system clock
D) microprocessor
A) cycle chip
B) fetch unit
C) system clock
D) microprocessor
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76
____________________ are the connectors located on the exterior of the system unit that are used to connect external hardware devices.
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77
Some ____ must be added in pairs for optimal performance.
A) interfaces
B) memory modules
C) USB ports
D) hard drives
A) interfaces
B) memory modules
C) USB ports
D) hard drives
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78
One of the most common methods for storing graphics data is in the form of a bitmap-a grid of hundreds of thousands of dots, called ____________________.
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79
Today's CPUs are formed using a process called ____ that imprints patterns on semiconductor materials.
A) vectoring
B) lithography
C) serigraphy
D) imprintment
A) vectoring
B) lithography
C) serigraphy
D) imprintment
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80
The ____ is the section of the CPU that performs arithmetic involving integers and logical operations.
A) FPU
B) control unit
C) decode unit
D) ALU
A) FPU
B) control unit
C) decode unit
D) ALU
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