Deck 20: Globalization In A Changing World

Question 1

Samuel Huntington's controversial thesis argues that there is a clash of civilizations occurring.He argues that the sources of conflict between groups of people are going to be about:

A) access to natural resources
B) cultural issues that support civilizations
C) environmental degradation
D) distribution of populations
E) health care and coverage

Answer 1

B

Question 2

According to the text,social change is:

A) the transformation of the physical world
B) an entirely positive act
C) the transformation of social institutions and culture of a society over time
D) social order in social institutions
E) social transformations caused by natural forces

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Cultural factors that influence social change include _______________,which has the political factor that includes _______________

A) symbolic system; the state
B) language; religion
C) the state; religion
D) currency; the state
E) the state; the stock market

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Our daily lives,our sense of individualism,our work patterns,and even our popular culture are being affected by:

A) political change
B) globalization
C) manufactured risk
D) weightless economy
E) information technology

Question 5

Globalization in the twenty-first century is:

A) simply a continuation of a process that began centuries ago
B) different from earlier global movements because nation-states are now more independent than ever before
C) primarily a cultural phenomenon
D) the first time in the world's history that countries have been interconnected
E) a condition of "one-world" interdependence

Question 6

Since the 1960s,the biggest contribution to accelerating and deepening the process of globalization has been made by the rapid development and diffusion of technologies,which have enhanced the so-called compression of time and space and are considered to be part of:

A) communication
B) transportation
C) manufacturing
D) accounting
E) energy

Question 7

The most important factor determining a leader's effectiveness is:

A) her level of charisma
B) her level of authority
C) the level of society's economic development
D) the level of democracy in society
E) the favorable social conditions

Question 8

The most far-reaching economic influence on social change is considered to be the:

A) invention of the wheel
B) invention of the hammer
C) effects of industrial capitalism
D) invention of the sickle
E) effects of the Great Depression

Question 9

Globalization would cause the most problems for:

A) the president of a transnational corporation
B) a computer engineer
C) the head of a small-town historical society
D) a university dean
E) a Hollywood producer

Question 10

The rise in funding for the U.S.space program during the so-called "space race"

A) increased scientific research and support for the U.S. economy
B) led to more skepticism of taxpayer-funded research
C) led to a decline in military funding
D) led to the most technological innovation in U.S. history during the 1960s
E) resulted in more manned missions to the moon in recent years

Question 11

The feature displacing the manufacture of material goods as the basis of the production system is:

A) the consumption of material goods
B) the development and dissemination of information and knowledge
C) agriculture
D) hunting
E) fishing

Question 12

An economic order in which those who work with information and knowledge fare best is known as:

A) industrial society
B) modern society
C) postindustrial society
D) computerized
E) white-collar society

Question 13

Of the following,the one that best characterizes the "transformationalist" view of globalization is that:

A) it is pessimistic about the results, hoping instead for a return to nation-state dominance
B) it strongly supports the World Trade Organization and sees it as a viable regulator for global economic growth
C) it holds that opposition to globalization is limited to a few developing countries that interpret it as a threat to their autocratic governments
D) it argues that the global order is being transformed although many of the old patterns remain
E) globalization will transform peripheral elements of society but not the core structures of politics, the economy, or culture

Question 14

The physical environment as a factor in social change over the past 200 years has subsumed:

A) religions
B) economic influences
C) political influences
D) cultural influences
E) media influences

Question 15

Social change is a unique type of change because it:

A) takes a long time, often centuries
B) involves violence
C) requires a significant transformation of society's institutions and culture
D) occurs without regard to society's institutions and culture
E) is hard to see when it happens

Question 16

Religion can be a cause of social change and is considered to be:

A) political
B) social
C) cultural
D) organizational
E) economic

Question 17

Jolee currently works at a clothing retailer in the factory outlet mall in her small rural town.She is going to night school at the local community college to learn computer programming,and she hopes to graduate with a degree in computer science.Jolee's experience reflects:

A) the service society
B) the industrial society
C) the education society
D) the transformation society
E) modernized society

Question 18

Jared Diamond's explanation of the collapse of Rwandan society:

A) focuses on ethnic rivalries that remain in Rwanda
B) emphasizes cultural and political explanations and minimizes environmental factors
C) emphasizes environmental factors and minimizes political and cultural factors
D) focuses on political instability
E) is universally hailed as a model for understanding the problems facing less developed societies

Question 19

The most significant political factor in speeding up patterns of change in the modern world was:

A) the invention of the ballot box
B) the emergence of the modern state
C) the commitment to less government involvement in social life and the economy
D) fascism
E) democracy

Question 20

The biggest effect of writing on society was that it:

A) created new political agents, including chiefs, lords, and monarchs
B) increased control of material resources
C) increased the rate of technological innovation
D) allowed the expansion of the military
E) allowed cross-cultural communication

Question 21

According to Daniel Bell,society's most strategic resource is systematic,coordinated information,or:

A) codified knowledge
B) stratified knowledge
C) blue-collar work
D) bureaucracy
E) communication

Question 22

According to the text,the next step in the technology race is:

A) space
B) time
C) compression of space and time
D) nanotechnology
E) microtechnology

Question 23

The observation that the number of service workers has been increasing since the industrial revolution is an argument against:

A) globalization
B) the postindustrial society argument
C) technological determinism
D) the modernization thesis
E) the industrialized society thesis

Question 24

According to the text,globalization is being driven by the integration of the world economy,which is now dominated by activity that is:

A) noneconomic
B) material
C) dense
D) massive
E) weightless

Question 25

The most essential type of employee in the postindustrial order,according to Daniel Bell,is a:

A) blue-collar worker
B) pink-collar worker
C) white-collar worker
D) factory worker
E) agricultural worker

Question 26

The following that characterizes the shift to a global rather than a national outlook is:

A) a man with a decidedly Italian accent telling a reporter he is from Europe
B) the civil religion of the United States
C) the demands by french citizens that McDonald's restaurants be removed from their cities
D) the United Nations' refusal to send troops to Sudan to stop the genocide in southern Sudan
E) the protests against the World Trade Organization in Seattle

Question 27

The number of people were estimated to be using the Internet in 2009 was:

A)3.3 billion, or about one-half of the global population
B) 300 million, or about one-fifth the global population
C) 300 million, or about the number of people in the United States
D)1.2 billion, or about one-half the global population
E)1.8 billion, or about one-fifth of the global population

Question 28

A central argument of Ulrich Beck's Risk Society is that:

A) technology makes people more likely to take individual risks
B) risky investments in the global economy seem more attractive than they really are
C) the decline of social traditions and institutions make risks more pervasive and more global
D) risky behaviors are attractive because they carry higher rewards
E) societies with fewer risks progress more quickly

Question 29

According to the text,globalization is being driven forward by the electronic integration of the world economy,which increasingly involves activity that is weightless and intangible.This means that:

A) products are small and being stored using nanotechnology
B) the activity takes place where production is cheaper, such as China and India
C) products have their base in information, such as computer software
D) more people are becoming connected through technologies in places that have been previously isolated
E) we don't fully realize the magnitude of the effects of the technological changes that have occurred in the past 25 years

Question 30

Postmodernists argue that we have reached the end of history because:

A) human consumption will outstrip the world's resources within the next generation
B) technology will make recording history more difficult
C) progress is no longer unified and linear
D) we have entered a new era
E) the end of the Cold War has stalled progress and development

Question 31

Many industrial workers have been unemployed and left without the skills required in a knowledge-based economy because of:

A) new social problems, such as long-term unemployment
B) new types of education that train workers for the knowledge economy
C) long-standing employment patterns
D) global trade and new forms of technology
E) declining enrollment in institutions of higher education

Question 32

Carla and Agula are friends in the international banking industry.They both travel frequently but keep in contact even when one is in London and the other is in Australia through phone calls,e-mail,instant messaging,and even faxing.This technology has the capacity to:

A) overcome cultural differences
B) link economic and cultural gains
C) overcome the move toward the service economy
D) create interdependence
E) compress time and space

Question 33

Nongovernmental organizations are contributing to the intensification of globalization because:

A) they regulate activities, such as civil aviation and broadcasting, that span national boundaries
B) they deregulate trade and expand capitalism across national boundaries
C) their numbers remain low so each is very visible and powerful
D) they are powerless compared to transnational corporations
E) they contributed to the fall of the Soviet Union

Question 34

According to the text,among the most significant political causes of globalization was the:

A) development of a socialist alternative to the capitalist world market
B) rise of Islamic fundamentalism as a response to Western political influence in the Arab world
C) collapse of the Soviet bloc and the end of isolation for the former second world
D) space race
E) Cold War

Question 35

Lawyers,engineers,computer programmers,and other professionals will become the leading groups in society because,according to Daniel Bell,they possess and disseminate:

A) postsecondary degrees
B) a global value system
C) nanotechnology
D) codified information
E) good jobs in an information society

Question 36

The belief that society is no longer controlled by history and progress is termed:

A) postindustrialism
B) postmodernism
C) historicity
D) posthistoricity
E) progressivism

Question 37

Data-storage devices that can store 100 times the amount of information of devices currently on the market are examples of:

A) postmodern society
B) nanotechnology
C) microtechnology
D) information society
E) supertechnology

Question 38

The consequences of the reorientation of people's thinking from the nation-state to the global stage include the fact that:

A) social responsibility extends beyond national borders, and people look to sources other than the nation-state to formulate their sense of identity
B) people have resisted the responsibility to help people who do not reside within their national boundaries
C) transnational corporations have been supporting branding through national boundaries
D) modern globalization differs from the past only in the intensity of interaction among nations
E) individuals are now embracing risker behaviors

Question 39

A company that produces goods or markets services in more than one country is a(n):

A) international governmental organization
B) transnational corporation
C) international nongovernmental organization
D) transnational nongovernmental organization
E) nongovernmental corporation

Question 40

Those who would argue that we have come to the end of history are the:

A) postmodernists
B) postindustrialists
C) skeptics
D) religious extremists
E) transformationalists

Question 41

Exemplified by Kenichi Ohmae,those arguing that globalization is producing a borderless world in which national governments are no longer in control of their own economies,resulting in a loss of faith by their citizens,are the:

A) skeptics
B) hyperglobalizers
C) transformationalists
D) critics
E) antiglobalizers

Question 42

Hurricane Katrina devastated New Orleans and other parts of the Gulf Coast.The government's response to it created a social problem; however,according to sociologists,the hurricane itself was a(n):

A) manufactured risk
B) external risk
C) natural risk
D) environmental disaster
E) social issue

Question 43

According to the text,the interdependence of a globalized world makes such environmental risks as global warming more likely but also makes it nearly impossible to find the:

A) precise causes
B) general causes
C) consequences
D) solutions
E) evidence

Question 44

A manufactured risk is the:

A) pummeling of florida by four hurricanes in 2004
B) 1979 Three Mile Island nuclear disaster in Pennsylvania
C) November 10, 1975, wreck of the Edmund fitzgerald in Lake Superior
D) release of smog and toxic gases by the eruption of Washington state's Mount St. Helens in 1980 and 2004
E) destruction of Pompeii

Question 45

Those who see the political structures of countries adapting to challenges from new forms of economic and social organization,which range from corporations to social movements,are the:

A) skeptics
B) hyperglobalizers
C) transformationalists
D) critics
E) hyperventilators

Question 46

According to Ulrich Beck,the hazards of the risk society:

A) are limited to environmental and health concerns
B) affect only those in the most affluent societies
C) are not restricted spatially, temporally, or socially
D) are largely controlled by new technologies
E) are caused by deregulation

Question 47

A skeptic believes that globalization:

A) is having major consequences across the globe
B) has been occurring for over a century, and its effects are overblown
C) is creating unprecedented levels of inequality and misery in the world
D) if handled correctly can work for everyone.
E) is largely coming to an end

Question 48

Those who would argue that compared with patterns of trade a century ago,the world economy is less global and more regionalized,meaning that trade and exchange happens only in a few geographic areas among a few groups are the:

A) hyperglobalizers
B) transformationalists
C) postindustrialists
D) skeptics
E) postmodernists

Question 49

As a result of globalization,humans now face risks created by the effects of their own knowledge and technology on the natural world,or:

A) external risk
B) manufactured risk
C) natural risk
D) hyper risk
E) the end of risk

Question 50

According to the text,a "new individualism" is affecting people in their everyday lives in which:

A) tradition and custom are reintensified
B) established values are held to be sacred and inviolable
C) they must actively construct their own identities in an open and reflexive way
D) risks are becoming more prevalent
E) they have more technology to publicize their identities

Question 51

Sociologists who see an agenda in the spread of Western-made films and television programs that promote the West's political,social,and economic interests call this process:

A) hyperglobalization
B) cultural imperialism
C) Westernization
D) differentiation
E) hybrid identity formation

Question 52

In terms of people's working lives,globalization makes it more likely that individuals will experience:

A) a stable job for life
B) an exciting career in manufacturing
C) an exciting career in agriculture
D) a self-made career path with several changes over their lifetime
E) a higher earnings potential

Question 53

The technology that has allowed for the faster and more efficient transfer of data is called:

A) a fiber optic cable
B) the nanotechnology
C) the Internet
D) a personal computer
E) a handheld device

Question 54

farmers,cattle ranchers,and animal feed manufacturers should accept responsibility for mad cow disease because they:

A) are responsible for the advertising campaigns for beef and beef by-products
B) are responsible for a plan to clone cattle and sell the beef as "natural"
C) are feeding cows grains mixed with animal parts
D) are genetically altering the beef to lower cholesterol without acknowledging the potential harmful effect
E) want to stay in business

Question 55

As we enter a postindustrial age,the following statement that best characterizes the risks we now face is that:

A) external risks are on the rise with the rise of climate change
B) external risks are on the rise with the expansion of human-made activity
C) manufactured risks are on the rise as our knowledge and technology increase our involvement in the world
D) we face an increase in both external and manufactured risk
E) manufactured risks are becoming more common than natural risks

Question 56

The following who believe that globalization is challenging the power of nation-states are the:

A) hyperglobalizers
B) transformationalists
C) skeptics
D) believers
E) transitionists

Question 57

Those holding the perspective arguing that regionalization within the world economy produces less integration and that national governments continue to play a vital role in the economy are the:

A) skeptics
B) hyperglobalizers
C) transformationalists
D) "critics"
E) "hyperventilators"

Question 58

Transformationalists believe that globalization is a dynamic and open process that is subject to influence and change because:

A) it has been occurring for centuries and has been managed fairly successfully in the past
B) it is a decentralized, unpredictable, and contradictory process
C) multinational corporations will alter its patterns to serve their needs
D) regionalization will alter its dynamics
E) they believe in the end of linear history

Question 59

A manufactured risk differs from an external risk in that:

A) external risks are accidental risks, and manufactured risks are human made
B) external risks are environmental risks, and manufactured risks are accidental risks
C) manufactured risks were more common in the industrial era, and external risks are more common in the postindustrial era
D) external risks come and go quickly, and manufactured risks can last for some time
E) an external risk comes from the natural world, and a manufactured risk is human made

Question 60

Agricultural giant Monsanto is a leader in technology and the world's food supply.It is estimated that it has widespread influence on genetically modified crops because the amount of food sold in grocery stores that has some type of genetically modified ingredient is:

A) about 40%
B) about 50%
C) about 70 to 75%
D) about 20%
E) 100%

Question 61

The goal of sociology is to find a grand narrative that explains the nature of social change.

Question 62

The principal cultural clash of the twenty-first century is likely to be between Christianity and Islam.

Question 63

The phrase "politics makes for strange bedfellows" could describe the protesters at the 1999 World Trade Organization meeting because the protesters:

A) belonged to groups that usually do not agree on domestic or foreign issues
B) were using a combination of new and old protest techniques
C) were overwhelmingly non-U.S. citizens
D) were organized in a hierarchical manner that allowed for some unusual leadership
E) belonged to a group that would not usually have protested a World Trade Organization meeting

Question 64

The campaign for global justice:

A) is antiglobalization
B) is in favor of the policies proposed by the World Trade Organization
C) is opposed to sustainable development
D) is a movement to protest the World Trade Organization's emphasis on economic issues over human rights issues
E) argues that the World Trade Organization should do more to develop free markets in developing nations

Question 65

According to the text,modern society is increasingly dominated by a weightless economy in which products have their base in information.

Question 66

An example of the World Trade Organization's ruling in favor of profits and against human rights is that it:

A) voted to allow Monsanto to dispose of chemical waste in Newfoundland Sound
B) insisted that European countries import beef from the United States even though U.S. beef is treated with potentially carcinogenic hormones
C) demanded that African countries pay a tariff for importing non-brand-name drugs
D) asked the United Nations to send troops to protect WTO members against the onslaught of violent protesters
E) removed 25 countries as members because their economic expansion lagged behind that of other countries.

Question 67

The relationship between globalization and inequality is that globalization:

A) appears to reduce inequality by expanding opportunities in the developing world
B) appears to increase inequality as people in developing nations benefit from new jobs
C) is not related to inequality because national political structures maintain consistent standards of living for their citizens
D) increases inequality as the expansion of global trade concentrates wealth within a small core of countries
E) reduces inequality because it facilitates the establishment of international nongovernmental organizations

Question 68

The term first used by Daniel Bell and Alain Touraine to describe societal development beyond the industrial era was postindustrial society.

Question 69

The gap in economic growth between the poorest and the richest countries could be best described as:

A) resulting from technological changes that have allowed the poorest countries to catch up to their wealthier neighbors
B) having widened from about 10 to 1 a hundred years ago to more than 173 to 1 today
C) having narrowed from about 90 to 1 a hundred years ago to less than 75 to 1 today
D) having narrowed the increase in international trade
E) having become of minimal consequence.

Question 70

The World Development Indicators show that the mortality for children under age five in low-income countries as compared to that in high-income countries is:

A) 5 times higher
B) 2 times higher
C) 10 times higher
D) 3 times higher
E) 15 times higher

Question 71

Globalization is a(n)_______________ process; the disparity between the developed and developing world is _______________.

A) uneven; greater than ever
B) leveling; decreasing rapidly
C) uneven; growing but is still less than it was in the nineteenth century
D) leveling; slowly shrinking
E) progressive; the same as it has always been

Question 72

The World Trade Organization's position on free trade is that it:

A) has actively supported free trade regulations among all countries
B) has supported free trade only in the area of intellectual property
C) insists that poor countries be allowed to import manufactured goods and rich countries not be allowed to import grains and food
D) has insisted that developed countries eliminate any income support for farmers so that developing countries can export their agricultural goods
E) insists that free trade be encouraged only when doing so benefits developing and developed countries

Question 73

Organizations such as the World Trade Organization argue that liberalized trade regulations and reduced trade barriers will:

A) benefit developing countries
B) hurt developing nations
C) hurt developed nations
D) strengthen the nation-state
E) improve communications technology

Question 74

The nation-state is ineffective in solving many contemporary problems because:

A) democratic organizations, such as those that dominate the world's nation-states, operate too inefficiently to cope with current problems
B) most are too cumbersome and large to eliminate problems efficiently
C) the proliferation of nation-states negates their ability to eradicate social and economic problems
D) modern problems are found worldwide and can easily spread across nation-state borders
E) All of the above.

Question 75

The following that best explains the demands of the World Trade Organization protesters is that they want:

A) international trade regulations to address human rights issues before profit issues
B) to increase the free trade advantages for richer countries
C) to abolish all tariffs
D) to end transnational corporations
E) to mandate that richer countries can import manufactured goods only from poorer countries

Question 76

An accurate description of the relationship between the United States and the World Trade Organization is that the:

A) United States as the world's only superpower wields disproportionate influence on World Trade Organization policy development
B) World Trade Organization is an extension of the U.S. Congress and executive branch of government
C) United States has been able to wield its power and have the World Trade Organization relocate from Europe to Chicago.
D) United States has been the leader in the World Trade Organization in trying to place human rights issues above profit
E) United States does not feel the need to participate in the World Trade Organization

Question 77

Human beings will always adapt their societies to make the most productive use of their immediate physical environment.

Question 78

Economic influences are the most important factor driving social change today.

Question 79

Protesters against the World Trade Organization claim that it:

A) is too inclusive
B) is more concerned with human rights than profits
C) is against the interests of the developed world
D) is against free markets
E) reflects the interests of the developed world

Question 80

Developing nations are kept from participating fully in World Trade Organization policy development because:

A) they are not interested in creating policy
B) the World Trade Organization does not include developing nations
C) the agenda is established by wealthier developed nations.
D) World Trade Organization policy does not affect developing nations, so they are not needed in the policy development process
E) they are not capable of developing good policies and should rely on wealthier developed nations for guidance