Deck 13: Computer Programming

Question 1

In OO programming, a class is a template for a group of with similar characteristics.

Answer 1

Classes in OO programming
In object-oriented programming, an object refers to an entity, whether the entity is in the form of a person, thing or place. Object refers to single unit of data. Classes are used for defining the objects in a general way. In classes objects with similar characteristics are generalized.
Therefore, the appropriate word to fill in the blank is objects.

Question 2

The process of passing certain characteristics from a superclass to a subclass is referred to as .

Answer 2

Passing characteristics from superclass to subclass
Inheritance is a technique used in object-oriented languages for establishing relationships between two objects or classes. The inherited class is called as super class and the class which inherits is called as base class. By using this property, characteristics of super class is passed to base class. This means the characteristics of super class is used by the base class.
Therefore, the appropriate word to fill in the blank is inheritance.

Question 3

In a Prolog rule, the :- connecting symbol means .

Answer 3

Connecting symbol in Prolog rule
A Prolog rule contains head, body and connecting symbol. Refer to the figure "12.48" in the textbook. The outcome of the rule is defined by the head, the connecting symbol ":-" means "if" and body consists of clauses. The arguments that are passed in head are in such a manner that first argument goes in favor of head and second argument goes against argument.
Therefore, the appropriate word to fill in the blank is if.

Question 4

The declarative programming paradigm focuses on describing a(n) , whereas the procedural paradigm focuses on algorithms that describe a(n) .

Question 5

A Prolog attribute can be a(n) , such as round (with a lowercase r ), or it can be a(n) , such as Shape (with an uppercase S ).

Question 6

code produces a digital certificate, which identifies the source of a computer program but does not verify that the program code is free of viruses and other malware.

Question 7

A(n) overflow is a condition in which data in memory exceeds its expected boundaries and flows into memory areas intended for use by other data.

Question 8

error messages can present attackers with information about the directory location of programs or files, the structure of a database, or the layout of the program in memory.

Question 9

List and describe three types of errors that are typically found when computer programs are tested.

Question 10

Have you played violent videogames?

Question 11

Do you think that states might be able to craft legislation that limits violent videogame sales without eroding principles of free speech?

Question 12

List and describe at least eight tools other than programming languages that programmers use to create computer programs.

Question 13

Continuing with the carpet example, you devise a set of steps, or a(n) , to solve the problem. You then use a programming language to write the shown below, which expresses the algorithm.
Input "Enter the width of the room in feet: "; width
Input "Enter the length of the room in feet: "; length
Print "Carpet needed:"
Print length*width " square feet"
Print (length*width)/9 "square yards"

Question 14

You've just joined a programming team that is developing a Java program for an earth-moving equipment vendor. The lead programmer shows you a UML with labels such as Cranes, Trucks, and Front-end Loaders. With your background in object-oriented programming, you can tell immediately that these are , which will be coded as a series of attributes, such as private string manufacturer.

Question 15

Define the term algorithm and explain how it relates to procedural programming.

Question 16

Describe how the jobs performed by computer programmers differ from the jobs performed by software engineers and systems analysts.

Question 17

Describe the differences between event-driven, procedural, object-oriented, and declarative paradigms. Provide at least one example of a language that supports each paradigm.

Question 18

Create a flowchart, structured English, and pseudocode to express the algorithm for tying your shoes.

Question 19

Computer programming include procedural, object-oriented, eventdriven, and declarative.

Question 20

To find errors in a computer program, programmers can use a software tool called a(n) .

Question 21

Give an example of a sequence control structure, a selection control structure, and a repetition control structure.

Question 22

COBOL, Fortran, and C are examples of programming languages used when working with the paradigm.

Question 23

A subroutine or procedure is a section of code that is part of a program, but is not included in the main execution path. True or false?

Question 24

Define the following terms associated with object-oriented programming: object, class, superclass, subclass, attribute, message, method, inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation.

Question 25

OO programmers often use diagrams to plan the classes for a program. (Hint: Use the abbreviation.)

Question 26

In an OO program, getArea() would be called a(n) .

Question 27

Define the following terms associated with the declarative paradigm: fact, rule, predicate, arguments, goal, instantiation, and backtracking.

Question 28

In the Prolog fact location(balcony,H1), balcony and H1 are , whereas location is referred to as the .

Question 29

Finding the value for a variable while solving a Prolog goal is called .

Question 30

Write at least five Prolog facts that describe your relationships to members of your family.

Question 31

To prevent hackers from guessing the location of critical program elements, programmers can use a technique called space randomization.

Question 32

methods help programmers apply rigorous logical and mathematical models to the design of life-critical systems.

Question 33

Describe how buffer overflows and verbose error messages make computer programs vulnerable to hackers.

Question 34

Do you believe that violent videogames contribute to teen violence?

Question 35

While browsing through several programs posted online, you come across the following code and realize it is written using the programming language.
male(frodo).
male(mungo).
male(largo).
male(balbo).
female(berylla).
female(belladonna).
female(primula).
female(sella).
parents(mungo,berylla,balbo).
parents(frodo,primula,drogo).
parents(largo,berylla,balbo).
parents(sella,berylla,balbo).
brother_of(X,Y):-
male(Y),
parents(X,Mother,Father),
parents(Y,Mother,Father).

Question 36

Create a sentence outline for Section E that focuses on techniques for secure programming.

Question 37

A friend asks you for help writing a computer program to calculate the square yards of carpet needed for a dorm room. The statement "the living room floor is rectangular" is an example of a(n) . The length and width of the room are examples of information, which you can obtain as from the user.

Question 38

Examine the code shown below. This program prints lines of text.
For n = 1 To 5
Print "Loop number " n
Next n

Question 39

Describe the three elements of a problem statement. Provide examples within the context of the pizza problem.

Question 40

List steps that consumers can take to avoid vulnerabilities that exist in defective software code.

Question 41

Provide a ballpark figure for the number of lines of code in an operating system such as Windows 7.

Question 42

Create a diagram that shows how low-level and high-level languages relate to the five generations of computer languages.

Question 43

A(n) is a set of application program or operating system functions that programmers can access from within the programs they create. (Hint: Use the acronym.)

Question 44

-generation programming languages, such as C, COBOL, and Fortran, use easy-to-remember command words.

Question 45

A(n) methodology focuses on flexible program development and specifications that evolve as a project progresses.

Question 46

The section of a program that contains a repetition control is sometimes referred to as an iteration or a(n)

Question 47

A(n) is a set of steps for carrying out a task that programmers express in Structured English, pseudocode, or flowcharts.

Question 48

A selection control structure tells a computer what to do based on whether a condition is true or false, whereas a(n) control structure can change the order in which program instructions are executed.

Question 49

The sample code for the object-oriented pizza program in this section of the chapter was written using the programming language.