Deck 4: Reactions in Aqueous Solutions

Question 1

The distinguishing characteristic of all nonelectrolyte solutions is that they

A) contain ions.
B) do not conduct electricity.
C) react with other solutions.
D) always contain acids.
E) conducts heat.

Answer 1

do not conduct electricity.

Question 2

Which of these compounds is a nonelectrolyte?

A) NaOH
B) HNO₃
C) C₂H₆O (ethanol)
D) KF
E) CH₃COOH (acetic acid)

Answer 2

C₂H₆O (ethanol)

Question 3

Which of these compounds is a weak electrolyte?

A) HCl
B) CH₃COOH (acetic acid)
C) C₆H₁₂O₆ (glucose)
D) O₂
E) NaCl

Answer 3

CH₃COOH (acetic acid)

Question 4

Which of these chemical equations does not describe a redox reaction?

A) 2KBr(aq) + Cl₂(g) → 2KCl(aq) + Br₂(l)
B) 2Na(s) + 2H₂O(l) → 2NaOH(aq) + H₂(g)
C) 3NO₂(g) + H₂O(l) → 2HNO₃(aq) + NO(g)
D) 2KNO₃(s) → 2KNO₂(s) + O₂(g)
E) 2LiOH(aq) + H₂SO₄(aq) → Li₂SO₄(aq) + 2H₂O(l)

Question 5

Which of these compounds is a nonelectrolyte?

A) NaF
B) HNO₃
C) CH₃COOH (acetic acid)
D) NaOH
E) C₆H₁₂O₆ (glucose)

Question 6

Which process defines how molecular compounds form ions upon dissolution?

A) ionization
B) composition
C) division
D) dissolution
E) decomposition

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct description of a solution?

A) A solution is a heterogeneous mixture of two or more substances.
B) A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.
C) A solution may be a gas, solid, or liquid.
D) A solution is any mixture of two or more substances.
E) The second and third choices are correct.

Question 8

Which of these compounds is a strong electrolyte?

A) H₂O
B) O₂
C) H₂SO₄
D) C₆H₁₂O₆ (glucose)
E) CH₃COOH (acetic acid)

Question 9

Which substance is present in the smallest proportion in a solution?

A) liquid
B) gas
C) solvent
D) solid
E) solute

Question 10

Which of these chemical equations describes a precipitation reaction?

A) 2H₂(g) + O₂(g) → 2H₂O(l)
B) CaBr₂(aq) + H₂SO₄(aq) → CaSO₄(s) + 2HBr(aq)
C) 2KNO₃(s) → 2KNO₂(s) + O₂(g)
D) 2KBr(aq) + Cl₂(g) → 2KCl(aq) + Br₂(aq)
E) 2Al(s) + 3H₂SO₄(aq) → Al₂(SO₄)₃(aq) + 3H₂(g)

Question 11

Which is defined as the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given quantity of solvent at a specific temperature?

A) precipitation
B) combustion
C) solubility
D) super saturation
E) dilution

Question 12

The distinguishing characteristic of all electrolyte solutions is that they

A) contain molecules.
B) conduct electricity.
C) react with other solutions.
D) always contain acids.
E) conduct heat.

Question 13

Which accurately characterizes all nonelectrolyte solutions?

A) Nonelectrolyte solutions contain molecules.
B) Nonelectrolyte solutions conduct electricity.
C) Nonelectrolyte solutions react with other solutions.
D) Nonelectrolyte solutions do not conduct electricity.
E) Nonelectrolyte solutions conduct heat.

Question 14

Which of these compounds is a weak electrolyte?

A) HCl
B) NH₃
C) C₆H₁₂O₆ (glucose)
D) N₂
E) KCl

Question 15

Which of these chemical equations describes a metal displacement reaction?

A) 2NaN₃(s) → 2Na(s) + 3N₂(g)
B) Fe₂O₃(s) + 2Al(s) → 2Fe(s) + Al₂O₃(s)
C) 3NO₂(g) + H₂O(l) → 2HNO₃(aq) + NO(g)
D) 2P(s) + 3Cl₂(g) → 2PCl₃(g)
E) 2ZnS(s) + 3O₂(g) → 2ZnO(s) + 2SO₂(g)

Question 16

Which of these chemical equations describes a disproportionation reaction?

A) 2C₂H₆(g) + 7O₂(g) → 4CO₂(g) + 6H₂O(l)
B) 2KBr(aq) + Cl₂(g) → 2KCl(aq) + Br₂(l)
C) 2H₂O₂(aq) → 2H₂O(l) + O₂(g)
D) CaBr₂(aq) + H₂SO₄(aq) → CaSO₄(s) + 2HBr(g)
E) 2Al(s) + 3H₂SO₄(aq) → Al₂(SO₄)₃(aq) + 3H₂(g)

Question 17

Which process defines how an ionic compound breaks apart into its constituent ions upon dissolution?

A) electrolysis
B) dissociation
C) division
D) ionization
E) decomposition

Question 18

Which of these compounds is a strong electrolyte?

A) H₂O
B) N₂
C) CH₃COOH (acetic acid)
D) C₂H₆O (ethanol)
E) KOH

Question 19

Which one of the following substances is the strongest electrolyte?

A) CO
B) CH₃Cl
C) CH₄
D) C₂H₅OH
E) HCl

Question 20

Which substance is present in the largest proportion in a solution?

A) salute
B) gas
C) solvent
D) solid
E) solute

Question 21

Which of the following is soluble in water?

A) AgCl
B) Rb₂CrO₄
C) Hg₂I₂
D) CaSO₄
E) PbBr₂

Question 22

Based on the solubility rules, which of these processes will occur if solutions of CuSO₄(aq) and BaCl₂(aq) are mixed?

A) CuCl₂ will precipitate; Ba²⁺ and SO₄^2- are spectator ions.
B) CuSO₄ will precipitate; Ba²⁺ and Cl^- are spectator ions.
C) BaSO₄ will precipitate; Cu²⁺ and Cl^- are spectator ions.
D) BaCl₂ will precipitate; Cu²⁺ and SO₄^2- are spectator ions.
E) No precipitate will form.

Question 23

If aqueous solutions of ammonium sulfide and copper(II) nitrate are mixed, which insoluble precipitate is formed?

A) CuS
B) Cu₂S
C) NH₄NO₃
D) NH₄(NO₃)₂
E) CuSO₄

Question 24

If aqueous solutions of KMnO₄, FeSO₄ and H₂SO_4, are mixed, which ions are spectator ions? 2KMnO₄(aq) + 10FeSO₄(aq) + 8H₂SO₄(aq) → K₂SO₄(aq) + 2MnSO₄(aq) + 5Fe₂(SO₄)₃(aq) + 8H₂O(l)

A) only K⁺
B) only SO₄^2-
C) only K⁺ and SO₄^2-
D) only K⁺, SO₄^2-_, and Fe²⁺
E) only K⁺, SO₄^2-, Fe²⁺, and Mn²⁺

Question 25

Identify the net ionic equation for the following reaction: 2NaCl(aq) + Hg₂(NO₃)₂(aq) → 2NaNO₃(aq) + Hg₂Cl₂(s)

A) Na⁺(aq) + NO₃^- (aq) → NaNO₃(aq)
B) Hg₂²⁺(aq) + 2Cl^-(aq) → Hg₂Cl₂(s)
C) 2Hg⁺(aq) + 2Cl^-(aq) → 2HgCl(s)
D) Hg₂(NO₃)₂(aq) → Hg₂²⁺(aq) + 2NO₃^-(aq)
E) Hg₂²⁺(aq) → Hg₂(s)

Question 26

Based on the solubility rules, which of these processes will occur when solutions of ZnSO₄(aq) and MgCl₂(aq) are mixed?

A) ZnCl₂ will precipitate; Mg²⁺ and SO₄^2- are spectator ions.
B) ZnSO₄ will precipitate; Mg²⁺ and Cl^- are spectator ions.
C) MgSO₄ will precipitate; Zn²⁺ and Cl^- are spectator ions.
D) MgCl₂ will precipitate; Zn²⁺ and SO₄^2- are spectator ions.
E) No precipitate will form.

Question 27

Which of the following is insoluble in water?

A) Li₂CO₃
B) NaOH
C) PbCl₂
D) Ba(OH)₂
E) (NH₄)₂S

Question 28

If aqueous solutions of lead(II) nitrate and sodium sulfate are mixed, which insoluble precipitate is formed?

A) NaNO₃
B) Na₂NO₃
C) PbSO₄
D) Pb₂SO₄
E) PbS

Question 29

If aqueous solutions of Pb(NO₃)₂ and NaCl are mixed, which ions, if any, are spectator ions? Pb(NO₃)₂(aq) + 2NaCl(aq) → PbCl₂(s) + 2NaNO₃(aq)

A) Pb²⁺(aq), Cl^-(aq)
B) Na⁺(aq), NO₃^- (aq)
C) Pb²⁺(aq), NO₃^-(aq)
D) Na⁺(aq), Cl^-(aq)
E) None are spectator ions.

Question 30

Which chemical equation describes an acid-base neutralization reaction?

A) 2Al(s)+ 3H₂SO₄(aq) → Al₂ (SO₄)₃ (aq) + 3H₂(g)
B) 2SO₂(g) + 2H₂O(l) + O₂(g) → 2H₂SO₄(aq)
C) LiOH(aq) + HNO₃(aq) → LiNO₃(aq) + H₂O(l)
D) 2KBr(aq) + Cl₂(g) → 2KCl(aq) + Br₂(aq)
E) CaBr₂(aq) + H₂SO₄(aq) → CaSO₄(s) + 2HBr(aq)

Question 31

Which chemical equation describes a combustion reaction?

A) 2C₂H₆(g) + 7O₂(g) → 4CO₂(g) + 6H₂O(l)
B) LiOH(aq) + HNO₃(aq) → LiNO₃(aq) + H₂O(l)
C) N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) → 2NH₃(g)
D) 2Na(s) + 2H₂O(l) → 2NaOH(aq) + H₂(g)
E) 2Al(s) + 3H₂SO₄(aq) → Al₂(SO₄)₃(aq) + 3H₂(g)

Question 32

Based on the solubility rules, which one of these compounds is soluble in water?

A) AgBr
B) AgCl
C) Ag₂CO₃
D) AgNO₃
E) Ag₂S

Question 33

Based on the solubility rules, which one of these compounds is insoluble in water?

A) NaCl
B) MgBr₂
C) FeCl₂
D) AgBr
E) ZnCl₂

Question 34

If aqueous solutions of Mg(C₂H₃O₂)₂ and LiOH are mixed, which insoluble precipitate is formed?

A) LiC₂H₃O₂
B) Li(C₂H₃O₂)₂
C) MgOH
D) Mg(OH)₂
E) CH₃OH

Question 35

Based on the solubility rules, which one of these compounds is insoluble in water?

A) Na₂SO₄
B) BaSO₄
C) CuSO₄
D) MgSO₄
E) Rb₂SO₄

Question 36

What is the net ionic equation if sodium sulfate is mixed with barium hydroxide?

A) 2Na⁺(aq) + SO₄^2-(aq) → Na₂SO₄(s)
B) Na⁺(aq) + OH^-(aq) → NaOH(s)
C) 2Ba⁺(aq) + SO₄^2- (aq) → Ba₂SO₄(s)
D) Ba²⁺(aq) + SO₄^2- (aq) → BaSO₄(s)
E) Ba²⁺(aq) + 2OH^-(aq) → Ba(OH)₂(s)

Question 37

Which chemical equation describes a hydrogen displacement reaction?

A) 2C₂H₆(g) + 7O₂(g) → 4CO₂(g) + 6H₂O(l)
B) 2KBr(aq) + Cl₂(g) → 2KCl(aq) + Br₂(aq)
C) N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) → 2NH₃(g)
D) CaBr₂(aq) + H₂SO₄(aq) → CaSO₄(s) + 2HBr(aq)
E) 2Al(s) + 3H₂SO₄(aq) → Al₂(SO₄)₃(aq) + 3H₂(g)

Question 38

Based on the solubility rules, which one of these compounds is soluble in water?

A) Hg₂Cl₂
B) Na₂S
C) Ag₂CO₃
D) Ag₂S
E) BaCO₃

Question 39

If aqueous solutions of Na₂CO₃ and BaCl₂ are mixed, which insoluble precipitate is formed?

A) Ba₂CO₃
B) BaCO₃
C) NaCl
D) NaCl₂
E) BaO

Question 40

Based on the solubility rules, which one of these compounds is soluble in water?

A) CaSO₄
B) BaSO₄
C) PbSO₄
D) K₂SO₄
E) Ag₂SO₄

Question 41

The substance (CH₃CH₂)₂NH is considered to be

A) a weak acid.
B) a weak base.
C) a strong acid.
D) a strong base.
E) neither acidic nor basic.

Question 42

Which of the following is a weak acid?

A) H₂SO₄
B) HNO₃
C) HF
D) HBr
E) HCl

Question 43

Which salt is produced by the neutralization of hydrobromic acid with magnesium hydroxide?

A) MgBr
B) Mg₂Br₃
C) MgBr₂
D) Mg₃Br₂
E) Mg₂Br

Question 44

Which is a strong acid?

A) Ba(OH)₂
B) H₃PO₄
C) HC₂H₃O₂
D) NaCl
E) HClO₄

Question 45

Which of the following is a strong acid?

A) H₃PO₄
B) HNO₃
C) HF
D) CH₃COOH
E) H₂O

Question 46

Which salt is produced by the neutralization of sodium hydroxide with sulfuric acid?

A) Na₂SO₄
B) Na₂(SO₄)₃
C) Na(SO₄)₂
D) Na₂SO₃
E) Na₂S

Question 47

Which one of the following is a strong acid?

A) H₂CO₃
B) H₂SO₃
C) H₂SO₄
D) H₃PO₄
E) CH₃COOH

Question 48

If aqueous solutions of Ba(OH)₂ and HNO₃ are mixed, what products are formed?

A) BaN₂(s) + H₂O(l)
B) Ba(NO₃)₂(aq) + H₂O(l)
C) Ba(s) + H₂(g) + NO₂(g)
D) Ba₂O(s) + NO₂(g) + H₂O(l)
E) Ba₃N₂(s) + H₂O(l)

Question 49

Which salt is produced by the neutralization of nitric acid with calcium hydroxide?

A) CaNO₃
B) Ca₂(NO₃)₃
C) Ca₃(NO₃)₂
D) Ca₂NO₃
E) Ca(NO₃)₂

Question 50

Which one of the following is a strong acid?

A) CH₃COOH
B) H₂SO₃
C) NH₃
D) H₃PO₄
E) HClO₃

Question 51

Which of the following is a strong base?

A) NH₃
B) Ca(OH)₂
C) Al(OH)₃
D) B(OH)₃
E) CH₃OH

Question 52

Which is present in all aqueous Brønsted acid solutions?

A) H₂
B) H⁺
C) OH^-
D) H₂SO₄
E) Cl^-

Question 53

Identify the major ions present in an aqueous HNO₃ solution.

A) HN²⁺, O^2-
B) OH^-, NO₃^-
C) OH^-, NO⁺
D) H⁺, N^3-, O^2-
E) H⁺, NO₃^-

Question 54

Which salt is produced by the neutralization of potassium hydroxide with sulfuric acid?

A) KSO₃
B) K₂(SO₄)₃
C) K₂SO₄
D) K(SO₄)₂
E) KSO₄

Question 55

What is the net ionic equation for the reaction that occurs when aqueous solutions of Pb(NO₃)₂ and NH₄Cl are mixed?

A) Pb(NO₃)₂(aq) + 2NH₄Cl(aq) → 2NH₄NO₃(aq) + PbCl₂(s)
B) Pb²⁺(aq) + 2Cl^-(aq) → PbCl₂(s)
C) Pb²⁺(aq) + 2NO₃^-(aq) + 2NH₄⁺(aq) + 2Cl^-(aq) → 2NH₄⁺(aq) + 2NO₃^-(aq) + PbCl₂(s)
D) NH₄⁺(aq) + NO₃^-(aq) → NH₄NO₃(s)
E) NH₄⁺(aq) + NO₃^-(aq) → 2NO(g) + 2H₂O(l)

Question 56

The substance HClO₄ is considered to be

A) a weak acid.
B) a weak base.
C) a strong acid.
D) a strong base.
E) neither acidic nor basic.

Question 57

The substance NH₃ is considered to be

A) a weak acid.
B) a weak base.
C) a strong acid.
D) a strong base.
E) neither acidic nor basic.

Question 58

Which is a strong base?

A) LiOH
B) CH₃COOH
C) NH₃
D) H₃PO₄
E) HClO₂

Question 59

Identify the major ions present in an aqueous LiOH solution.

A) Li²⁺, O^-, H^-
B) Li⁺, OH^-
C) LiO^-, H⁺
D) Li⁺, O^2-, H⁺
E) Li^-, OH⁺

Question 60

Which salt is formed in the neutralization reaction of hydrochloric acid with calcium hydroxide?

A) CaO
B) CaCl
C) CaH₂
D) CaCl₂
E) NaCl

Question 61

What is the oxidizing agent in the following reaction? 5Fe²⁺(aq) + MnO₄^-(aq) + 8H⁺(aq) → 5Fe³⁺(aq) + Mn²⁺(aq) + 4H₂O(l)

A) Fe²⁺
B) MnO₄^-
C) H⁺
D) Mn²⁺
E) Fe³⁺

Question 62

Select the compound in which sulfur has its highest possible oxidation number.

A) H₂S
B) SO₂
C) SCl₂
D) H₂SO₃
E) Na₂SO₄

Question 63

Which equation describes a redox reaction?

A) 2Al(s) + 3H₂SO₄(aq) → Al₂(SO₄)₃(aq) + 3H₂(g)
B) 2KBr(aq) + Pb(NO₃)₂(aq) → 2KNO₃(aq) + PbBr₂(s)
C) CaBr₂(aq) + H₂SO₄(aq) → CaSO₄(s) + 2HBr(aq)
D) H⁺(aq) + OH^-(aq) → H₂O(l)
E) CO₃^2-(aq) + HSO₄^-(aq) → HCO₃^-(aq) + SO₄^2-(aq)

Question 64

Complete the following reaction and identify the Brønsted base: NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) →

A) Na(aq) + HOCl(aq); NaOH is the base.
B) NaCl(aq) + OH^-(aq); HCl is the base.
C) NaCl(aq) + OH^-(aq); NaOH is the base.
D) H₂O(l) + NaCl(aq); HCl is the base.
E) NaCl(aq)+ H₂O(l); NaOH is the base.

Question 65

Complete the following reaction and identify the Brønsted acid. NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) →

A) NaH(aq) + HOCl(aq); NaOH is the acid.
B) NaH(aq) + HOCl(aq); HCl is the acid.
C) NaCl(aq) + H₂O(l); NaOH is the acid.
D) NaCl(aq) + H₂O(l); HCl is the acid.
E) NaCl(aq) + H₂O(l); NaCl is the acid.

Question 66

Which is the net ionic equation for the reaction between aqueous solutions of lithium hydroxide and hydrobromic acid? LiOH(aq) + HBr(aq) → H₂O(l) + LiBr(aq)

A) LiOH(aq) → Li⁺(aq) + OH^-(aq)
B) HBr(aq) → H⁺(aq) + Br^-(aq)
C) H⁺(aq) + OH^-(aq) → H₂O(l)
D) Li⁺(aq) + Br^-(aq) → LiBr(aq)
E) Li⁺(aq) + OH^-(aq)+ H⁺(aq) + Br^-(aq) → H₂O(l) + LiBr(aq)

Question 67

Which is a weak base?

A) NH₃
B) Ca(OH)₂
C) Ba(OH)₂
D) NaOH
E) CH₃COOH

Question 68

Balance the following oxidation-reduction equation: Al(s) + Ag⁺(aq) → Al³⁺(aq) + Ag(s)

A) Al(s) + Ag⁺(aq) → Al³⁺(aq) + Ag(s)
B) 3Al(s) + Ag⁺(aq) → 3Al³⁺(aq) + Ag(s)
C) Al(s) + 3Ag⁺(aq) → Al³⁺(aq) + 3Ag(s)
D) 3Al(s) + Ag⁺(aq) → Al³⁺(aq) + 3Ag(s)
E) Al(s) + 3Ag⁺(aq) → 3Al³⁺(aq) + Ag(s)

Question 69

What is the oxidation number of sulfur in sulfuric acid?

A) +1
B) +6
C) -2
D) -4
E) +4

Question 70

Which of these equations does not represent an oxidation-reduction reaction?

A) 3Al + 6HCl → 3H₂ + AlCl₃
B) 2H₂O → 2H₂ + O₂
C) 2NaCl + Pb(NO₃)₂ → PbCl₂ + 2NaNO₃
D) 2NaI + Br₂ → 2NaBr + I₂
E) Cu(NO₃)₂ + Zn → Zn(NO₃)₂ + Cu

Question 71

What is the oxidation number of N in N₂H₄?

A) +4
B) +2
C) -2
D) -4
E) 0

Question 72

What is the oxidation number of oxygen in KMnO₄?

A) +1
B) -8
C) +5
D) -2
E) +3

Question 73

What is reduced in the following reaction? Cu(NO₃)₂ + Zn → Zn(NO₃)₂ + Cu

A) Cu(NO₃)₂
B) N
C) O
D) Zn
E) NO₃

Question 74

What is oxidized in the following reaction? Fe + Ag₂O → FeO + 2Ag

A) Ag
B) Ag₂O
C) Fe
D) FeO
E) 2Ag

Question 75

Which of the following equations is not a redox reaction?

A) 2H₂(g) + O₂(g) → 2H₂O(l)
B) Zn(s) + H₂SO₄(aq) → ZnSO₄(aq) + H₂(g)
C) H₂O(l) + NH₃(g) → NH₄⁺(aq) + OH^-(aq)
D) 6FeSO₄(aq) + K₂Cr₂O₇(aq) + 7H₂SO₄(aq) → Cr₂(SO₄)₃(aq) + 3Fe₂(SO₄)₃(aq) + K₂SO₄(aq) + 7H₂O(l)
E) Cl₂(g) + 2KBr(aq) → Br₂(aq) + 2KCl(aq)

Question 76

What is the reducing agent in the following reaction? Mg + NiO₂ + 2H₂O → Mg(OH)₂ + Ni(OH)₂

A) Mg
B) NiO₂
C) H₂O
D) Mg(OH)₂
E) Ni(OH)₂

Question 77

What is the oxidation number of oxygen in potassium superoxide, KO₂?

A) +1
B) 0
C) -½
D) +½
E) -2

Question 78

What is the oxidation number of iodine in I₂?

A) -1
B) 0
C) +1
D) +7
E) -7

Question 79

What is the oxidation number of N in K₃Fe(CN)₆?

A) +3
B) -3
C) +4
D) -5
E) +1

Question 80

What is the oxidation number of Cr in Cr₂O₇^2-?

A) -12
B) -7
C) -2
D) +6
E) +7