Deck 12: Modern Materials

Question 1

A protein is

A) a saturated ester of glycerol.
B) a polysaccharide.
C) an aromatic hydrocarbon.
D) a polymer of amino acids.
E) one of the units making up a nucleic acid.

Answer 1

a polymer of amino acids.

Question 2

Which of the following polymers is used in plastic food bags and wraps?

A) LDPE
B) PVC
C) Polystyrene
D) HDPE
E) Polypropylene

Answer 2

LDPE

Question 3

The polymer formed from the monomer CH₂=CH-CN is

A) .
B) (CH₂=CHCN)_n.
C) (CH₂=CH=CN)_n.
D) .

Answer 3

.

Question 4

What is the trademarked brand name for polytetrafluoroethylene?

A) Glad®
B) Reynolds®
C) Saran®
D) PVC®
E) Teflon®

Question 5

Which of the following polymers is used in plastic bottles and plastic containers?

A) LDPE
B) PVC
C) Polystyrene
D) HDPE
E) Polypropylene

Question 6

Which monomer, when polymerized, results in the polymer polystyrene?

A) CF₂=CF₂
B) CCl₂=CF₂
C) C₆H₅-CH=CH₂
D) CH₃CH=CH₂
E) CH₃CH=CH₂CH₃

Question 7

A peptide bond (also called an amide bond) joins two amino acids together. What atoms are linked by this bond?

A) C - O
B) C - H
C) C - N
D) N - S
E) S - C

Question 8

The segment represents the polymer named

A) polybutylene.
B) polystyrene.
C) polypropylene.
D) polyvinyl chloride.
E) polyethylene.

Question 9

The monomer used to prepare polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is

A) CH₂=CH_2.
B) CH₃CH₂Cl.
C) CH₂=CCl_2.
D) CH₂=CHCl.
E) CF₂=CF_2.

Question 10

Which of the following is not a polymer?

A) DNA
B) Starch
C) Protein
D) Amino acid
E) Cellulose

Question 11

The segment represents the polymer named

A) polyethylene.
B) polyvinyl chloride.
C) polystyrene.
D) polybutylene.
E) polypropylene.

Question 12

The segment -CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂- represents the polymer named

A) polystyrene.
B) polypropylene.
C) polybutylene.
D) polyhexene.
E) polyethylene.

Question 13

What is one of the most common uses of polyvinyl chloride?

A) 2-L soda bottles
B) Styrofoam cups
C) Plastic pipes
D) Plastic food bags
E) Plastic garbage cans

Question 14

Polyacrylonitrile, characterized by the following repeating unit, is made from which of these monomers?

A) CH₃CH₂CN
B) HOCH₂CH₂CH₃
C) CH₃CH=CHCN
D) CH₂=CHCN
E) CH₂=CNCH₃

Question 15

Which one of these molecules could not serve as a monomer for an addition polymer?

A) ClCH=CH₂
B) H₂C=CH-CN
C) H₂C=CH-C₆H₅
D)
E)

Question 16

Which one of these materials is a copolymer?

A) Styrene-butadiene
B) Polyvinyl chloride
C) Polypropylene
D) Poly-cis-isoprene
E) Polyethylene

Question 17

An amino acid is a compound that contains at least

A) one amino group and one amide group.
B) two amino groups and one carboxylic acid group.
C) one hydroxyl group and one methyl group.
D) one carboxylic acid group and one amino group.
E) one methyl group and one amide group.

Question 18

A polymer made in a polymerization reaction that produces small molecules (such as water) as well as the polymer is classified as a/an ________ polymer.

A) addition
B) natural
C) condensation
D) elimination
E) copolymer

Question 19

What type of polymer is represented by the following repeating segment?

A) Polyamide
B) Polyester
C) Polyether
D) Polyolefin
E) Polyethylene

Question 20

What is one of the most common uses of polystyrene?

A) 2-L soda bottles
B) Styrofoam cups
C) Plastic pipes
D) Plastic food bags
E) Plastic garbage cans

Question 21

Which type of polymerization reaction involves the bonding of monomer molecules by the movement of electrons from a multiple bond into new single bonds between molecules?

A) Addition polymerization
B) Condensation polymerization
C) Radical polymerization
D) Crosslinking polymerization
E) Catalytic polymerization

Question 22

What is meant by the prefix "poly"?

A) Plastic
B) Polymer
C) From the tree Polytherium found in southeast Asia
D) Many
E) None of these choices is correct.

Question 23

Which of the following is a medical application using polymers?

A) Implants
B) Prosthetics
C) Wound dressings
D) All of these choices are correct
E) None of these choices is correct.

Question 24

Which polymer consists mainly of branched chains and is used in plastic food bags and wraps and comes from the addition polymerization of the monomer H₂C=CH₂?

A) Low-density polyethylene (LDPE)
B) High-density polyethylene (HDPE)
C) Nylon
D) Dacron
E) Polyisoprene

Question 25

One characteristic of the monomers that form condensation polymers that is not common in monomers which form addition polymers is

A) the presence of bonds.
B) the presence of two functional groups.
C) the presence of alkyl side chains.
D) the ability to form free radicals.
E) the presence of sulfur atoms.

Question 26

What is a material called that can stretch or bend and then return to its original shape as long as certain limits are not exceeded?

A) Glue
B) Elongater
C) Extender
D) Flexi-polymer
E) Elastomer

Question 27

Which of the following is a natural polymer?

A) Rubber
B) Polyester
C) Silk
D) Rubber & polyester
E) Rubber & silk

Question 28

What is the name given to the polymers that can be melted and reshaped or heated and bent?

A) Flex polymers
B) Thermal polymers
C) T-polymers
D) Thermoplastic polymers
E) Thermosetting polymers

Question 29

Which one of these elements is not found in proteins?

A) S
B) P
C) C
D) O
E) N

Question 30

Which of the following contains a phenyl group?

A) Polyethylene
B) PVC
C) Polystyrene
D) Nylon 6,6
E) Teflon

Question 31

Which of these polymers is used in pipes and fittings?

A) Teflon
B) Polystyrene
C) Dacron
D) Nylon 6,6
E) PVC

Question 32

What name is given to the polymers whose shape is determined as part of the chemical process that formed the polymer?

A) Flex polymers
B) Thermal polymers
C) T-polymers
D) Thermoplastic polymers
E) Thermosetting polymers

Question 33

Which of the following polymers is a condensation polymer?

A) Polystyrene
B) Teflon®
C) Polyvinylchloride
D) Polypropylene
E) Dacron®

Question 34

Which of these polymers is used in disposable cups and plates?

A) Polystyrene
B) PVC
C) Teflon
D) Nylon 6,6
E) Dacron

Question 35

What is the name of the industrial process in which sulfur (S₈) is used to create linkages between individual polymer chains in rubber?

A) Rubberization
B) Vulcanization
C) Smelting
D) Sulfonafication
E) Sulfonation

Question 36

What are the small molecules that constitute the individual building blocks of polymers called?

A) Prepolymers
B) Monomers
C) Copolymers
D) Mini polymers
E) None of these choices is correct.

Question 37

Which of the following is a polymer?

A) Methane
B) Propane
C) Gasoline
D) Chloroform
E) Starch

Question 38

What name is given to the bonds that make rubber much stronger and more rigid than natural polyisoprene (rubber)?

A) Sulfide bonds
B) Cross-links
C) Carbon-sulfides
D) Bridge bonds
E) Brawny bonds

Question 39

Which one of these choices is the general structural formula of an amino acid?

A)
B) R-CH₂-NH₂
C)
D)

Question 40

The functional group found in proteins is called a (an)

A) amide.
B) carboxylic acid.
C) amine.
D) amino acid.
E) dipeptide.

Question 41

What is the name of the substance made from two or more substances with different properties that remain separate in the bulk material?

A) Composite material
B) Bipolymer
C) Copolymer
D) Dipolymer
E) Matrix material

Question 42

What is the process called to prepare a ceramic by heating a slurry of a powder of an inorganic substance in water to a very high temperature under pressure?

A) Sintering
B) Roasting
C) Firing
D) Stonewaring
E) Sol-gel

Question 43

What is the process called that produces particles of nearly uniform size that are much more likely to produce a solid ceramic without gaps or cracks?

A) Sintering
B) Roasting
C) Firing
D) Stonewaring
E) Sol-gel

Question 44

What is the name of the amide bond between amino acids?

A) Polyamide bond
B) Polyamine bond
C) Polyamino acids bond
D) Protein bond
E) Peptide bond

Question 45

Which type of polymerization reaction involves the combining of monomer molecules with two different functional groups resulting in the elimination of a small molecule, usually water?

A) Dehydration polymerization
B) Radical polymerization
C) Condensation polymerization
D) Addition polymerization
E) Dehydrogenation polymerization

Question 46

What type of semiconductor is generated by adding small amounts of gallium to silicon?

A) n-type semiconductor
B) Ga-type semiconductor
C) p-type semiconductor
D) insulating semiconductor

Question 47

What name is given to a polymer in which the substituents are oriented randomly along the polymer chain?

A) Rotatory
B) Atactic
C) Swapper
D) Isotactic
E) Syndiotactic

Question 48

Most high-temperature superconducting materials are

A) metals.
B) metal chlorides.
C) polymers.
D) fullerenes.
E) ceramics.

Question 49

Materials with a small energy gap between the valence band and the conduction band are called

A) conductors.
B) insulators.
C) metals.
D) semiconductors.
E) nonconductors.

Question 50

What is the name of the C₆₀ molecule that resembles an architectural structure called a geodesic dome?

A) Graphene
B) Buckminsterfullerene
C) Geodene
D) Soccerballene
E) Buckene

Question 51

What name is given to a polymer in which the substituents alternate positions along the polymer chain?

A) Rotatory
B) Atactic
C) Swapper
D) Isotactic
E) Syndiotactic

Question 52

What name is given to a polymer where all of the substituents (i.e., the R groups) are in the same relative orientation (i.e., on the same side of the polymer chain)?

A) Siamese
B) Atactic
C) Siamo
D) Isotactic
E) Syndiotactic

Question 53

Which polymer is a copolymer of a five-carbon sugar, four different bases (adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine), and phosphoric acid?

A) ATP
B) ADP
C) Kevlar
D) DNA
E) RNA

Question 54

What is the name of the condensation copolymer formed from ethylene glycol (a diol-a molecule with two alcohol groups) and para-terephthalic acid (a diacid-a molecule with two carboxy groups)?

A) Nylon 6,6
B) Kevlar
C) Polystyrene
D) Dacron
E) Styrofoam

Question 55

What is the name of the substances that exhibit properties of flow, conform to the shape of the container, and have a regular arrangement of particles in a lattice?

A) Lattice polymers
B) Polymerization fronts
C) Biphase polymers
D) Cophase polymers
E) Liquid crystals

Question 56

Which condensation polymer is used in bulletproof vests?

A) Nylon 6,6
B) Kevlar
C) Polystyrene
D) Dacron
E) Styrofoam

Question 57

What is meant by HIPS?

A) High polysaccharides
B) High in polysaccharides
C) Highly ionic polymer solution
D) High-impact polystyrene
E) Highly ionic protein solution

Question 58

Which polymer is a copolymer of a five-carbon sugar, four different bases (adenine, uracil, guanine, and cytosine), and phosphoric acid?

A) ATP
B) ADP
C) a Protein
D) DNA
E) RNA

Question 59

What term is used to describe the relative arrangements of chiral carbon atoms within a polymer?

A) Chirality
B) Handiness
C) Tacticity
D) Substituents
E) Dexterity

Question 60

Materials with no resistance to the flow of electrons are called

A) conductors.
B) insulators.
C) superconductors.
D) semiconductors.
E) nonconductors.

Question 61

Polyethylene consisting primarily of unbranched chains is known as high-density polyethylene (HDPE).

Question 62

A polymer where the monomers are connected by amide linkages is called a polyamine.

Question 63

What type of polymer is represented by the following repeating segment?

A) Polyamide
B) Polyester
C) Polyether
D) Polyolefin
E) Polyethylene

Question 64

Which is the best description for the following structural representation of an addition polymer?

A) It is an atactic polymer.
B) It is a syndiotactic polymer made from the monomer H₂C=CHX.
C) It is a syndiotactic polymer made from the monomer XHC=CHX.
D) It is an isotactic polymer made from the monomer H₂C=CHX.
E) It is an isotactic polymer made from the monomer XHC=CHX.

Question 65

When the following two monomers are combined, which condensation polymer is formed?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 66

Polystyrene with air or gas blown into the solid is the main component in Styrofoam.

Question 67

Magnetic levitation is an example of ________ of superconductors below T_c.

A) the Meissner effect
B) insulation
C) Oxidation
D) reduction
E) the Kamerlingh-Onnes effect

Question 68

A thermoplastic polymer can be melted and reshaped or heated and bent.

Question 69

Which is NOT an example of a block copolymer formed between monomers A and B?

A) -A-A-B-B-B-A-A-B-B-B-
B) -A-B-A-B-A-B-A-B-A-B-
C) -A-A-A-B-B-B-A-A-A-B-B-B-
D) -A-A-A-B-B-A-A-A-B-B-
E) -B-B-A-A-B-B-A-A-B-B-

Question 70

Liquid crystals are anisotropic, because the properties they display depend on the direction (orientation) of the measurement.

Question 71

Liquids are anisotropic, because their properties are independent of the axis of testing.

Question 72

The monomer for a polyester has the general formula of RCOOR'.

Question 73

Which element, or combination of elements, could produce a semiconductor with the following band structure? (CB = conduction band, VB = valence band)

A) Pure Si
B) Si and C
C) Si and In
D) Si and Sb
E) Si and F

Question 74

One characteristic of the monomers that form condensation polymers that is not common in monomers that form addition polymers is

A) the presence of alkyl side chains.
B) their ability to form free radicals.
C) the presence of pi bonds.
D) the presence of two functional groups.

Question 75

Liquid crystals exhibit properties or both liquids and gases.

Question 76

Which of the following is a synthetic polymer?

A) cellulose
B) polyisoprene
C) DNA
D) poly(hexamethyleneadipamide)
E) enzymes

Question 77

In order to form a condensation polymer from the following monomer, which other monomer should be selected?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 78

Which monomer may be used to form the following condensation polymer?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 79

Vulcanization

A) leads to cross-linking of poly-cis-isoprene chains in rubber with sulfur.
B) provides considerable elasticity in rubber.
C) severs the carbon-carbon chain in rubber.
D) provides a smooth surface to rubber.
E) leads to cross-linking of poly-cis-isoprene chains in rubber with sulfur and provides considerable elasticity in rubber.

Question 80

Which element, or combination of elements, could produce a semiconductor with the following band structure? (CB = conduction band, VB = valence band)

A) Pure Si
B) Si and C
C) Si and In
D) Si and Sb
E) Si and F