Deck 16: When Memory Systems Fail

Question 1

The patient Jon has come to display all of the following characteristics, EXCEPT:
(A)Difficulty coping independently
(B)Recognition memory within the normal range
(C)Average intelligence
(D)Good semantic memory skills
(E)Normal recall memory

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Prior to testing the patient named Jon, Baddeley's simplified modal model of the amnesic syndrome assumed all of the following, EXCEPT:
(A)The essence of episodic memory is associating items to context with "mnemonic glue"
(B)Recall and recognition place the exact same constraints on subsequent retrieval
(C)Recall and recognition involve the same underlying storage processes
(D)Semantic memories represent the residue accumulated over multiple episodes
(E)Semantic memory could be retrieved over a mechanism separate from that of episodic retrieval

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Warrington and Weiskrantz (1970)hypothesised that which of the following leads to a retrieval deficit they believed was at the root of amnesia, a hypothesis that has come to face certain challenges?
(A)An inability to process information deeply
(B)Increased rate of decay
(C)Greater susceptibility to interference
(D)Impaired associative binding
(E)Limited working memory buffer

Answer 3

C

Question 4

While amnesic patients may not have difficulty imagining components of future activities, they tend to have difficulty integrating them into a whole, a problem Hassabis et al. (2007)attribute to:
(A)Limited visual short-term memory span
(B)Lack of hope for the future sometimes experienced by depressed amnesic patients
(C)Faulty echoic memory
(D)The role of the hippocampus in spatial processing as well as memory
(E)Damage to the angular gyrus

Question 5

When asked the current date, patients with post-traumatic amnesia tend to:
(A)Have superior calendrical memory, compared to healthy controls
(B)Displace it forwards
(C)Provide the correct date
(D)Forget what the word "date" means
(E)Displace it backwards

Question 6

A movement within memory to extend the study of memory from the confines of the laboratory to the world outside is called:
(A)Normal memory
(B)Current memory
(C)Everyday memory
(D)World memory
(E)Mainstream memory

Question 7

Factual knowledge about one's own past is called:
(A)Personal semantic memory
(B)Personal episodic memory
(C)Episodic memory
(D)Semantic memory
(E)Incidental memory

Question 8

Stickgold et al. (2000)and Gaskell and Dumay (2003)provided some of the evidence suggesting that long-term retention is improved when learning is followed by which of these?
(A)Video game play
(B)Proactive interference
(C)Retroactive interference
(D)Sleep
(E)Magnetoencephalography

Question 9

The process by which information is transferred from one anatomically based structure to another as the memory system is reorganized is known by what term?
(A)System confabulation
(B)Modal confabulation
(C)System consolidation
(D)Localized reorganization
(E)Information reestablishment

Question 10

Which of the following characterizes observations about the patient Jon?
(A)All of these
(B)Jon used "remember" and "know" categories about as frequently as controls
(C)Jon appeared to be using a strength signal for "remember" judgments
(D)Jon appeared to lack an electrophysiological marker of "remembering"
(E)Jon was largely unable to provide recollective details related to "remember" judgments

Question 11

The Multiple Trace Hypothesis argues for a role of the hippocampus in:
(A)Both retrieval and encoding
(B)Retrieval only
(C)Encoding only
(D)Neither encoding nor retrieval
(E)Only in olfaction

Question 12

Which of the following deficits did Meltzer NOT experience?
(A)Failing to recognise his family
(B)He didn't remember the period during his coma
(C)He had difficulty remembering events from just before his attack
(D)He could not remember where he put things after returning from the hospital
(E)He had problems remembering how to set an alarm clock

Question 13

Assessment is particularly important for all of the following reasons described in the text, EXCEPT:
(A)To accurately disseminate research findings
(B)To understand the nature and extent of the deficit, compared to healthy individuals
(C)To facilitate communication of patient information to other professionals
(D)To help plan possible treatment programs
(E)To occupy the patient's time

Question 14

The type of amnesia referring to a problem in encoding, storing, or retrieving ongoing information that can be used in the future is most precisely termed:
(A)Anterograde
(B)Retrograde
(C)Ensuing
(D)Regressive
(E)Antagonistic

Question 15

Della Sala's research group in Edinburgh observed that information retention by amnesic patients was greatly improved if the learning was immediately followed by which of the following?
(A)Heightened sensory stimulation
(B)Removal of the patient to a quiet, dim room
(C)Standard cognitive tasks related to assessment
(D)Deep-brain stimulation
(E)Crossword puzzle solving

Question 16

A method of treating patients in the latter stages of dementia who have lost their orientation in time and place is called:
(A)Imaging reality training
(B)Episodic semantic training
(C)Rehabilitation semantic training
(D)Reality orientation training
(E)Imaging orientation training

Question 17

Baddeley et al. (2001)observed largely preserved functioning in which two measures of Jon's abilities that contradicted the simplified modal model of amnesia?
(A)Procedural memory and episodic memory
(B)Episodic memory and semantic memory
(C)Recall and recognition
(D)Semantic memory and crystallized intelligence
(E)Iconic memory and crystallized intelligence

Question 18

All single-case treatment methods involve beginning with a measure of:
(A)IQ
(B)Recall
(C)Mental rotation abilities
(D)Maths abilities
(E)Baseline performance

Question 19

Having recovered from PTA, the patient is likely to present:
(A)Retrograde amnesia that grows with time
(B)Retrograde amnesia that shrinks over time
(C)No retrograde amnesia
(D)Retrograde amnesia that usually remains fixed over time
(E)Hypermnesia

Question 20

Which type of confabulation tends to be the more florid, less common variety and is often linked to frontal lobe damage?
(A)Prompted
(B)Provoked
(C)Spontaneous
(D)Situational
(E)Psychosomatic

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT typically true of Alzheimer's Disease?
(A)The recency effect in free recall tends to be preserved in the earlier stages
(B)Episodic memory deficits are particularly marked
(C)Cognitive decline may occur with well-preserved social and emotional skills
(D)Their impaired episodic memory tends to lead to faster forgetting
(E)Ability to perform two tasks at the same time is particularly impaired

Question 22

Atrophy related to semantic dementia principally occurs in the:
(A)Left temporal lobe
(B)Medial temporal lobe
(C)Right frontal lobe
(D)Posterior cingulate cortex
(E)Anterior cingulate cortex

Question 23

The most prominent cause of senile dementia currently is:
(A)Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
(B)Lewy body
(C)Parkinson's disease
(D)Alzheimer's disease
(E)Huntington's disease

Question 24

Two cardinal signs of AD are:
(A)Increased medial temporal and parietal lobe volume
(B)Increase in white blood cell count and hypertension
(C)Large tumors and reduced ventricles
(D)Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles
(E)Sleep apnea and profound headaches

Question 25

Which of the following is specifically designed to help patients with Alzheimer's disease maintain a sense of personal identity by recollecting their past in the form of a life story book, for example?
(A)Rivastigmine
(B)Reality orientation training
(C)Reminiscence therapy
(D)Exposure therapy
(E)Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)