Deck 8: Digital Storage: Preserving Content Locally and in the Cloud

Question 1

Answer 1

Following are the matched definitions corresponding to the given terms:
1. When data is transferred from the memory to the storage device, then this process is called as writing. Writing to storage media means that user is copying or moving data to storage media from the computer.
Therefore, the term "Writing" matches with definition (g).
2. When data is transferred from storage medium to the memory card, then this process is called reading form storage media. Reading from storage media means that user is copying or moving data form storage media to the computer.
Therefore, the term "Reading" matches with definition (j).
3. Capacity is defined as the number of bytes which can be hold by storage medium. Storage requirement of users change gradually. Mobile users, home users and small office users have small storage requirements.
Therefore, the term "Capacity" matches with definition (c).
4. Density is defined as the number of bits present on an area of storage medium. Higher density means that there is more storage capacity and if density is lower, then there is less storage available.
Therefore, the term "Density" matches with definition (b).
5. Perpendicular recording is defined as the storage method which aligns the magnetic articles vertically on the surface of the disk. It helps in providing greater storage capacity. Therefore, the term "Perpendicular recording" matches with definition (h).
6. Horizontal recording is defined as the storage method which aligns the magnetic articles vertically on the surface of the disk. Therefore, the term "Horizontal recording" matches with definition (a).
7. Solid state media is defined as the media which consists of electronic components like integrated circuits and there is no moving part in solid state media. Therefore, the term "Solid state media" matches with definition (e).
8. An electronic circuit and a special-purpose chip is consisted by the controller which helps in controlling transfer of information, instruction and data from the drive to or from the computer components. The controller may be a separate card adapter or may be on motherboard or may be a part of any device. Therefore, the term "Controller" matches with definition (d).
9. Mirroring is the process of writing data to two disks at the same time for duplicating the data. It can also be called as storage design level 1. Storage reliability is enhanced by the mirroring because if one disc fails then second duplicated disc can be used. Therefore, the term "Mirroring" matches with definition (f).
10. Random access is defined as the process that helps in locating particular files or data immediately. There is no need of moving consecutively as data can be located immediately. Therefore, the term "random access" matches with definition (i).
Summary of the terms matched with corresponding definitions:

Question 2

_____ measures the amount of time it takes a storage device to locate an item on a storage medium and/or the time required to deliver an item from memory to the processor.

A) Rpm(s) c. Access time
B) Transfer time d. Clock speed

Answer 2

Storage Access Times
Access time is defined as the speed of the memory and the storage medium. Access time of memory is faster than the storage medium.
Access time is used for measuring:
• Amount of time which is taken by a storage device for locating an item on the storage device
• Amount of time required for delivering an item from memory to the processor.
Hence, the correct option is c) Access time.
Explanation of Incorrect Options:
• When the computer is running, the platter of the hard disk rotates at a very high speed. The rotation of the hard disk can be 5400 to 15,000 revolution per minute. It allows access to all the sectors on the patters and tracks. Thus, option 'a' is not correct.
• Transfer rate is defined as the speed by which instruction, data and information transfer to and from any device. It is important to state the transfer rate of the storage device because it can affect the access time of memory as well as storage medium. Thus, option 'b' is not correct.
• Clock speed is defined as the speed by which a processor executes the instruction. Thus, option 'd' is not correct.

Question 3

Differentiate between volatile and nonvolatile memory. Is a screen display volatile or nonvolatile?

Answer 3

Difference between Volatile and Non-Volatile memory The screen display is considered as volatile. The reason is that the content on the screen will disappear when the power is turned off.

Question 4

Define the term, secondary storage. List types of storage media.

Question 5

Storage devices can be categorized as input or output devices.

Question 6

_____ is a storage device that contains one or more inflexible, circular platters that use magnetic particles to store data, instructions, and information.

A) hard disk c. USB flash drive
B) SSD d. optical disc

Question 7

How does the access time of storage compare with the access time of memory? At what speeds do they access items?

Question 8

Differentiate between writing and reading data to storage media.

Question 9

A storage medium is volatile; that is, items stored on it remain intact even when you turn off a computer or mobile device.

Question 10

A hard disk's storage locations consist of wedge-shaped sections, which break the tracks into small arcs called _____.

A) sectors c. segments
B) formats d. platters

Question 11

How does the transfer rate of external hard drives compare to that of internal hard drives? List some advantages of external hard drives.

Question 12

_____ refers to the number of bytes a storage medium can hold. Identify terms manufacturers use to determine this.

Question 13

Compared with the access time of memory, the access time of storage devices is slow.

Question 14

_____, sometimes called a buffer, consists of a memory chip(s) on a hard disk that stores frequently accessed items, such as data, instructions, and information.

A) RAID c. A mini disc
B) SSD d. Disk cache

Question 15

What is the life span of a memory card? List ways to care for a memory card.

Question 16

Differentiate between storage and memory and describe how they interact.

Question 17

Because of current standards, head crashes no longer occur.

Question 18

A disc on which you can write multiple times sometimes is called a _____ disc.

A) single-session c. multisession
B) CD-ROM d. WORM

Question 19

Describe differences between microfilm and microfiche. What are some advantages of using microfilm and microfiche for storage?

Question 20

Explain what access time measures and how transfer rates are stated.

Question 21

While encrypted files offer greater security than unencrypted files, an operating system may require more time to open and access encrypted files.

Question 22

The process of copying audio and/or video data from a purchased disc and saving it on your own media is called _____.

A) ripping c. tearing
B) burning d. formatting

Question 23

List characteristics of a hard disk.

Question 24

The transfer rate of external hard drives usually is slower than that of internal hard drives.

Question 25

A selective backup sometimes is called a(n) _____ backup.

A) differential
B) incremental
C) partial
D) archival

Question 26

List steps for installing an internal hard drive. Describe how to transfer files from one internal hard drive to another.

Question 27

Solid-state media is more durable and shock resistant than other types of media, such as magnetic hard disks or optical discs, because it contains no moving parts.

Question 28

Enterprise storage often uses _____ technology as the interface that connects the devices to the network because it has much faster transmission rates than SCSI.

A) SAS c. Fibre Channel
B) serial transfer d. SATA

Question 29

Define the term, read/write head.

Question 30

Like a hard disk, you regularly should defragment an SSD to increase access times.

Question 31

Describe the contributions of Al Shugart, with respect to storage.

Question 32

When you are finished using a USB flash drive, simply remove it from the USB port.

Question 33

Describe how disk cache improves hard disk access time.

Question 34

Mini discs require a separate mini disc drive; that is, they do not work in standard-sized optical disc drives.

Question 35

RAID is an acronym for _____.

Question 36

With serial transfers, data is sent one bit at a time.

Question 37

List sizes and storage capacities of different external hard disks.

Question 38

An active RFID tag contains a battery than runs the chip's circuitry and broadcasts a signal to the RFID reader; because they are so small, they can be embedded in skin.

Question 39

Explain how to encrypt files.

Question 40

Describe the contributions of Seagate, with respect to storage solutions.

Question 41

Explain how you can restore deleted files and erased media.

Question 42

List how to protect storage media from security screening equipment.

Question 43

Define the term, SSD. List devices that use SSDs.

Question 44

List advantages and disadvantages of SSDs versus magnetic hard disks.

Question 45

Explain the ethical issues surrounding government search and seizure of computers.

Question 46

Describe memory cards and their uses. List types of memory cards.

Question 47

Identify questions to ask before deciding how to share media files. List examples of photo, video, and music sharing websites.

Question 48

Explain the ethical issues surrounding posting photos of others on Facebook. Describe Facebook's privacy settings.

Question 49

Explain how to eject removable storage media safely.

Question 50

List advantages of cloud storage.

Question 51

Describe the contributions of Amazon and Jeff Bezos.

Question 52

Explain the ethical issues surrounding ownership of cloud data.

Question 53

Name uses of cloud storage. Explain criteria for evaluating cloud storage providers.

Question 54

Define the term, optical disc. List formats of optical discs.

Question 55

Optical discs store items by using microscopic indentations called _____, and flat areas called _____.

Question 56

List steps for cleaning and fixing scratches on optical discs.

Question 57

Differentiate among CD-ROM, CD-R, and CD-RW discs.

Question 58

Describe the storage techniques that make DVD storage higher capacity than CD storage.

Question 59

Explain the role of a controller for transferring data from a drive to the computer components.

Question 60

List and describe interfaces for use in personal computers.

Question 61

Describe the four types of backup used by business and home users. Explain how enterprises use continuous data protection.

Question 62

Explain how to back up smartphones and other mobile devices.

Question 63

Define the terms, redundancy and outsourcing, as they relate to enterprise computing.

Question 64

Enterprise storage devices often use _____, which duplicates data to improve its reliability.

Question 65

Describe how RAID uses mirroring and striping. Explain how RAID levels optimize computing.

Question 66

Differentiate between a NAS and an SAN.

Question 67

Explain how enterprise computers use tape for storage.

Question 68

Differentiate between sequential and direct access

Question 69

Explain the implications of the permanence of digital content.

Question 70

Define the terms, magnetic stripe card and smart card. Describe the uses of each.

Question 71

List tips for using credit cards safely.

Question 72

Differentiate between active and passive RFID tags.

Question 73

Explain how microfilm and microfiche are used and the advantages of using these technologies.

Question 74

Explain the ethical issues surrounding the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.

Question 75

Describe how technology is used in the manufacturing industry.