Deck 2: Establishing Positive Relationships with Infants and Toddlers

Question 1

Ignoring newborns trains them not to cry.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

A self-identity is formed within the social context of human relationships that begins in infancy.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Babies' vocalizations are unaffected by adult speech.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Answering texts while feeding a 4-month-old is perfectly okay as long as there is no problem with the other children.

Question 5

The difference between performance and competence is a measure of intelligence.

Question 6

Skills of an early childhood educator can be applied to babies with special needs in day-to-day interactions.

Question 7

The earliest vocabulary may not be real words.

Question 8

Infants whose caregivers are the most responsive in the first six months cry the least later.

Question 9

Crying is done for the purpose of communicating a need and drawing an adult near for assistance.

Question 10

Individuation and socialization are closely linked processes that go on together.

Question 11

Preferred objects are used by infants in their attempts at self-regulation.

Question 12

In which state does an infant move vigorously and clench his or her fists?

A) regular sleep
B) waking activity
C) irregular sleep
D) crying

Question 13

Ideally, infants and toddlers should develop a complete sense of trust in their world.

Question 14

Temperament characteristics remain stable over time, but are described differently in later childhood and adulthood.

Question 15

Prompt responses to infant signals help infants learn the association between their own behavior and the adult's.

Question 16

Infants develop the capacity for social interaction after the first year.

Question 17

Babies begin to learn the patterns of social engagement at the same time that they learn to speak.

Question 18

Between 9 and 15 months, babies develop the ability to deliberately initiate communication to influence the behavior of their caregivers.

Question 19

Temperamental differences are indicators of artistic talents.

Question 20

Temperamental differences are thought to be biologically based.

Question 21

Which statement is inaccurate regarding peer interaction in the first two years?

A) Toddlers are not capable of forming friendships.
B) Experience with age mates enables babies and toddlers to engage more successfully.
C) Play episodes in young toddlers are short, full of vocalizations and irritations.
D) Toys bring babies together but may also distract them from social interaction.

Question 22

Which of the following characteristics is not considered a function of temperament?

A) talent
B) activity
C) sociability
D) distractibility

Question 23

Why should infants be allowed to explore the environment when they are able to do so?

A) contributes to the development of self-control
B) contributes to learning opportunities
C) allows them to leave the primary caregiver on their own
D) All of these.

Question 24

When Mrs. Glee went to Miranda, squatted down to look into her eyes and invited her to read a story, what relationship building strategies was she consciously using?

A) gentleness
B) reasonableness
C) empathy
D) respect

Question 25

What does it mean when a nine-month-old shifts his body away from the adult to look at a truck?

A) The baby does not like the adult.
B) The baby is bored with the game being played.
C) The baby is focusing attention on the truck.
D) The baby is tired.

Question 26

When a young infant is overstimulated, what behavior would you be likely to see?

A) sober expression with face-to-face gazing
B) short glances away
C) laughter
D) head lowered or body limp

Question 27

At what age do children begin to convey emotional content in their communication?

A) newborn
B) six months
C) one year
D) eighteen months

Question 28

What adult behaviors enable self-regulation in very young children?

A) following predictable routines
B) allowing them to solve developmentally appropriate problems on their own
C) attending and talking to them about what is happening, step by step
D) breaking down difficult or complex tasks so the child can succeed in some parts
E) All of the above

Question 29

What would be the BEST strategy to support toddler social interactions and friendships?

A) provide enough age appropriate toys
B) set up opportunities for the same children to interact
C) describe toddler behavior intentions and emotions aloud
D) call children by name and sit nearby while they are playing

Question 30

Why is the goodness-of-fit between the caregiver and the infant or toddler an important dimension in the child's social development?

A) Children behave better.
B) Adults find relationships satisfying.
C) The pattern of interaction over time influences behavior.
D) Babies are happier with active, intense adults.

Question 31

What is not a known fact about attachment?

A) Attachment occurs between mother and child, but also can occur between father and child and caregiver and child.
B) Children can attach to up to four caring, sensitive adults.
C) It takes 7 months to truly establish attachment behaviors between parent and child or caregiver and child.
D) Attachment begins at birth.

Question 32

What is being discussed when we speak of temperamental differences in infants?

A) differences in the degree or intensity of emotional behavior and the timing and duration of the child's responses
B) differences in the mood of the child such as depression or inflation of the child at a moment in time
C) differences in the internal, private experiences of the child such as pleasure, contentment, pain, or frustration
D) differences in the observable display of expressions and feelings

Question 33

What is the individuation process?

A) cooperation in a group
B) getting along with others
C) development of a personal identity
D) independent actions

Question 34

What is the best choice for a parent who must leave a nine-month-old infant in someone else's care?

A) Sneak out when the baby isn't looking.
B) Start to go and come back if the baby cries.
C) Cling to the baby and then ask a caregiver to take the baby.
D) Tell the child that you must go, offer a toy, and leave quickly.

Question 35

Which of the following is the best strategy for establishing a positive relationship with infant and toddlers?

A) Using warm, kind, spontaneous touches
B) Being genuinely honest and sincere with their parents
C) Respecting the culture of the children and their families
D) Using warmth, respect, empathy, genuineness, and acceptance

Question 36

What is a realistic expectation of peer relations in the first year?

A) Babies will show interest in each other and will initiate contact, but little prolonged play will result.
B) Toys will increase the time babies focus on each other.
C) Infants are unable to interact with peers.
D) Sharing of materials between infants is typical.

Question 37

How long should the adult wait to pick up the newborn infant after it begins to cry?

A) Pick up the baby immediately.
B) Put the bottle on to warm, then pick up the infant.
C) Five to ten minutes, depending on age.
D) After the baby's face turns red.

Question 38

What is the first strategy for soothing an infant?

A) talking or singing to the infant
B) picking the baby up immediately
C) wrapping the infant in a blanket
D) putting a ticking clock in the crib

Question 39

When should adults begin to converse with children?

A) as soon they are born
B) between birth and 2 months
C) between 4 and 8 months
D) between 9 and 12 months

Question 40

In which state is the infant most likely to learn about the environment?

A) waking activity
B) drowsiness
C) alert inactivity
D) periodic sleep

Question 41

When an 18-month-old ignores your request, what should you do?

A) Nothing if he is playing quietly.
B) Repeat the request and show him what you want him to do.
C) Take him gently by the arm and ensure he complies.
D) Scold him and tell him in a loud voice that he has to mind you.

Question 42

What tasks might you be asked to do for a child with special needs that you would not do for a typically developing child?

Question 43

Briana points to a ball that she cannot reach, turns to look at you, and says "Ugh" while pointing. What should you say?

Question 44

Which of the following is not an indicator that a toddler is developing self-awareness?

A) asserts, "Mine!"
B) uses personal pronouns
C) says "I want..."
D) takes the feelings of others into account

Question 45

Discuss the role of basic care in the development of children in the first two years.

Question 46

Billy, who is three months old, seems to cry all the time. He is difficult to comfort and sleeps only a short time. He is crying once again this afternoon. What should the caregiver do?

Question 47

What are the main ways you can work to build a strong positive relationship with children and why is this important?

Question 48

Why must every child have at least one adult who is responsive and sensitive?

Question 49

Lizbet is a predictable, friendly baby, and adjusts in a few minutes when left with a caregiver, but cries when the vacuum is run. How would you describe her temperament?

A) slow to warm up
B) easy
C) difficult
D) does not fit any group

Question 50

The pitcher of milk is empty. You have told Michael that it is all gone and have offered the pitcher to him to see. What do you do next?

Question 51

Why is it important to have a consistent caregiver for infants and toddlers?

Question 52

What is the role of the general practitioner when the infant or toddler has special needs?

A) Accurately describe the condition or behavior of the child in order to refer the child for further assessment.
B) Seek permission from the parents to refer the child to a specialist.
C) Cooperate in the implementation of the IFSP.
D) All of the above

Question 53

Why should you demonstrate a new toy to a toddler?

Question 54

Children learning to walk frequently plop down. When this happens, they sometimes look to the adult before they cry. How should you respond?

Question 55

What does being available mean? Why is it important to the development of infants?

Question 56

Sharon is two months old, and you are gazing into her eyes and talking to her. An older lady comments that babies that age can't talk. What would you do? What reply might you make?

Question 57

Which of the following is an example of social referencing?

A) One 9-month-old smiles at another child of the same age.
B) The infant sees a rabbit, looks at her mother, who is smiling, then smiles.
C) A 7-month-old cries when an unfamiliar adult approaches.
D) A 12-month-old imitates a sound an adult made.

Question 58

Derek is 12 months old. He wiggles, squirms, and stiffens during diaper changes. How could he be involved in the process?

Question 59

Mr. Wortham has telephoned the child care center and asked for detailed observational materials about Danny, who has Down syndrome. What should you do?

A) Determine whether the parents have given permission for you to share information with others and then telephone Mr. Wortham.
B) Simply return the call and provide the information.
C) Phone the parents and tell them to communicate with Mr. Wortham.
D) Ignore the phone call.

Question 60

Francisco is running away from you, and the gate is open. What should you do?

Question 61

Explain why it is important to check with family members about key child rearing beliefs and practices.

Question 62

List the sequence of the individuation process and typical social infant behaviors and supportive adult behaviors for each phase.

Question 63

Name and briefly describe the three behavioral states that infants exhibit. Why is it important for helping professionals to be able to distinguish these behavioral states in infants?