Deck 7: Play as a Context for Social Development and Learning

Question 1

What type of social participation is the following? Claude is mixing soil and water near the area in which Todd and Justin have constructed a roadway and town in the dirt. Occasionally he delivers "cement" to them, but his activity is focused on the mixing process.

A) onlooker
B) solitary
C) parallel
D) associative
E) cooperative

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Rita is regularly an onlooker while other children are pretending something. She comes close to them, and says nothing. What would be the MOST effective strategy in helping her to engage in the play?

A) Wait and do nothing.
B) Tell Rita to say, "Can I play?"
C) Tell Rita to say, " I clean houses. Can I clean your house?"
D) Tell the other children that Rita wants to play even though her behavior makes this obvious.
E) Assign all of the children roles in pretend, including Rita.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which question do children ask themselves in object play that they don't ask in exploration?

A) What can I do with this?
B) How does it smell or taste?
C) What happens if the lever moves?
D) Does this piece come off?

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which is the most mature form of construction play?

A) making costumes for pretend play
B) stringing beads
C) lining up blocks in a horizontal grid
D) building a house with blocks

Question 5

Which statement is NOT a characteristic of the challenging aspect of play?

A) The challenges undertaken are slightly more difficult than what the child can do.
B) Interest remains high in the activity until the child feels that the skill is mastered.
C) Children respond to dares from other children.
D) Boys are shouting as they run down the hill.

Question 6

Which of the following children is most definitely involved in practice play?

A) Jenny is playing dominoes with her best friend Sarah.
B) Larry is playing basketball on the playground.
C) Carrie is learning to knit.
D) Tony goes up and down the slide 20 times.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of play?

A) It's fun
B) It's extrinsically motivated
C) It's voluntary
D) It's a species behavior
E) It's not serious or focused on reality

Question 8

Which of the following statements is most appropriate to say to Phillip, who is attempting to engage George in rough-and-tumble play when George is either unwilling or uncertain?

A) "Go away and leave him alone."
B) "That's not nice."
C) "There are no superheroes here."
D) "Ask George if he wants to play."
E) "Instead of running around chasing each other, why don't you dig in the sand?"

Question 9

Which of the following social skills is (are) learned during play?

A) the ability to initiate and terminate interaction
B) the ability to affect events in a social context
C) the ability to empathize and dramatize emotions
D) taking turns
E) All of the above

Question 10

Several children are in the block area, experimenting with various stacking strategies. Their aim is to get as many blocks as they can to stand upright without falling over. This is an example of what kind of play?

A) object play
B) pretend play
C) movement play
D) construction play

Question 11

Which of the following strategies would likely be effective to help a child experiencing developmental delays?

A) Direct the child to engage in a teacher-lead activity.
B) Get an aide who will help the child during play.
C) Use only the general support strategies.
D) Simplify the ongoing activities so that this child can participate with classmates.
E) Play with toys is wasted time in a learning setting for children having special needs.

Question 12

Which of the following incidents demonstrate rough-and-tumble play?

A) Girls are laughing and wrestling, with some chasing.
B) Boys are practicing specific actions for boxing.
C) Boys are frowning and slugging each other.
D) Girls are shouting as they run around the track.

Question 13

Identify the best example of a child playing.

A) Brett is brushing his teeth.
B) Ashaki is receiving tennis instruction.
C) Rod is matching colored cubes as directed.
D) Steve is building with Tinkertoys.
E) Thomas is putting away the laundry.

Question 14

Which question do children ask themselves in construction play that they don't ask themselves in object play?

A) What will happen if I shake this?
B) How can I make this look like something I've seen?
C) What happens if I move this lever?
D) Does this piece come off?

Question 15

Don and Bryan are playing a board game. Each child has played this game at home with family members. Bryan insists that the first person who plays is the one with the red playing piece, and Don demands that they roll a die to determine who starts. They engage in this discussion with much vigor for several minutes. What is their approximate age?

A) under three
B) three to four
C) four to five
D) over five

Question 16

What competencies do play activities generate for boys more than for girls?

A) rules learning
B) creative problem-solving
C) imitations
D) task persistence
E) compliance

Question 17

Mr. Ramirez is stationed at the game table and notices that the children playing Candy Land are arguing about how to use the playing pieces. He chooses a playing piece. Next, he asks the children if it is his turn to spin the spinner. He has decided to help the children in what way?

A) from inside the playframe
B) from outside the playframe
C) through metacognitive coaching
D) through direct instruction

Question 18

What aspect(s) of the environment do (does) NOT influence sex role differences in play?

A) differential treatment by parents
B) selection of toys and furnishings
C) peer pressure in a group
D) demographic characteristics of the neighborhood
E) All of the above

Question 19

Why do childhood professionals need to understand the nature and function of play?

A) Play is a common ground for social exchange in childhood.
B) Play is the predominant activity of early childhood.
C) Play offers opportunities to practice skills needed for social competence.
D) Play is the expressive outlet for thought and feeling.
E) All of the above

Question 20

When a child calls a stick "spoon," why is that considered an important indicator of ability?

A) The child perceives the difference between sticks and spoons.
B) The child is able to separate the word from the object it represents through pretense.
C) The child knows what the words mean.
D) A stick can do the same work as a spoon.

Question 21

The capacity to play is an acquired ability.

Question 22

The language is used in play as well as being a subject of play.

Question 23

The feedback to children from playthings and playmates provides a sense of competence.

Question 24

The locus of control during play is with the adult.

Question 25

Play with objects is less socially demanding than playing with a group of children.

Question 26

The opposite of play is work.

Question 27

Cun Liu and Hui Li I pretending to bury a stuffed toy dog. They put him in a box, gather dandelions, and appear to have a ceremony for it. What social competence are they demonstrating?

A) emotional intelligence
B) positive self identity
C) social values
D) cultural competence

Question 28

Pretend play usually focuses the child's attention on salient features of social situations.

Question 29

What is the difference between the play of four-year-olds and children of eight or nine?

A) Older children are no longer interested in pretend play.
B) Older children make great effort to maintain the illusion that the pretend is real.
C) Older children use more explicit strategies.
D) There are no differences between these age groups.

Question 30

Demonstrating how to construct a bridge is an effective strategy for children who have never seen it done.

Question 31

Which of the following behaviors contribute to positive self-identity during play?

A) reads and sends nonverbal cues
B) contributes to the plans of others
C) establishes social status in the play group
D) negotiates roles and rules

Question 32

Pretend play requires that a child understand a role.

Question 33

Based on your understanding of the definition of play, the game of Ping-Pong could represent play for some people, but not for everyone.

Question 34

Children practice newly acquired skills in play.

Question 35

A child's cultural context including characteristics of the community have little impact on the content of pretend play.

Question 36

Learning takes place only as a result of adult instruction.

Question 37

Lalita, age four, has tried unsuccessfully to be the director of house play on several occasions. Ms. Kurzhals usually dismissed children to free choice activities for the story time by name. She has noticed Lalita's attempts and is considering what might be effective in supporting her. What do you think she should try first?

A) Change the materials that are available for free play.
B) Explain the importance of taking turns to the children during the story time.
C) Dismiss Lalita ahead of her usual playmates for a few days so that she can arrive at the pretend play area first.
D) Direct the players to allow Lalita to determine the narrative of the play from outside the play frame.

Question 38

Barbara entered the play area after Geraldine and Rachel were already playing house and asked if she could play. She listened to their dialogue, made role-appropriate comments as the neighbor, and contributed to the storyline the others suggested. She smiled and gestured as others also played out their roles, accepting and modifying and responding in her own play to coordinate with theirs. How would you describe this child's level of play?

A) a beginner of simple pretend play
B) a friendly easy player
C) a master player who knows the implicit rules
D) a player who has not grasped how to initiate and maintain play

Question 39

Children who engage in a lot of fantasy play have poor mental health.

Question 40

What skills that children learn through play contribute to self-regulation?

A) follows game rules appropriately for age
B) shares or takes turns
C) maintains role in pretend play
D) All of the above

Question 41

Children whose style is that of a patterner communicate meaning by the special location of objects and their perceptual attributes.

Question 42

Roger, Mary, and Carl have been playing chase for the past several minutes, laughing and calling to each other as they run from one corner of the playground to another. Mrs. Sanchez, who has been watching from the sidelines, runs toward them calling, "Chase me, chase me instead." This is an example of responding from within the playframe.

Question 43

The difference in children's humor and adult humor is mostly in subject matter.

Question 44

Children are likely to learn about cooperation and competition through play.

Question 45

All exploratory behavior is play.

Question 46

Young boys and girls play in about the same way.

Question 47

Boys tend to play family roles more often than girls.

Question 48

Social play tends to enhance the bonds between individuals.

Question 49

Peter offers Celeste a block saying, "Here, have a cookie before you leave on your trip." Celeste pretends to eat the "cookie." This is an example of object invention.

Question 50

Boys are usually as willing to play mother roles as father roles.

Question 51

Activities that have little structure force the players to create their own structure and make their own rules.

Question 52

Children are unaware of social status in their play.

Question 53

The term "play transformation" refers to children's tendency to substitute one object or situation for another.

Question 54

Rough-and-tumble play is similar to aggression except for the laughter and other nonverbal acts.

Question 55

Play for children having special needs is less important than for typically developing children.

Question 56

Children who laugh when others use inappropriate words for bladder and bowel movements should be sharply reprimanded.

Question 57

Play is a part of the expected curriculum in some states.

Question 58

It's easier for children to play with an adult than with a peer.

Question 59

Vanessa is singing quietly and playing house by herself. Carl is playing with the computer nearby. This is an example of associative play.

Question 60

Play with movable outdoor equipment is more likely to be pretend play than play with immobile equipment.

Question 61

What conditions are most conducive to play?

Question 62

Explain the role of play in relation to other aspects of development: language, social development, emotional development, cognition, learning.

Question 63

Describe the relationship of gender to play.

Question 64

Why is adult understanding of an individual's style of play important?

Question 65

Rough-and-tumble play helps children to establish and maintain dominance within the group.

Question 66

Where does the violent content sometimes seen in play come from?

Question 67

Master players operate within explicit and implicit social rules during pretend play.

Question 68

What is the difference between a sport and an informal game?

Question 69

How can adults support a playful atmosphere?

Question 70

Describe the characteristics of play and give examples of playful and unplayful behavior.

Question 71

How can adults help children to play at increasingly complex levels?

Question 72

Why should childhood professionals know the developmental sequences of play?

Question 73

Which of the following is NOT a significant feature of cultural influences on play behavior?

A) content of play is universal
B) timing and skill development of pretend play
C) the choice of games and the rules used to govern informal games
D) children use what they know regardless of culture

Question 74

Which of the following behaviors is a hallmark of rough-and-tumble play that is different than movement play?

A) Children run a lot and make noise.
B) Intimidation and staring down are common.
C) Children tackle, wrestle and laugh.
D) Children may challenge one another.

Question 75

Explain the differences between a master player and a child who plays with basic skills only.

Question 76

Describe the sequence through which children proceed in each of the following play types:a. play with objectsb. dramatic play?c. constructive play?d. play with movemente. games?f. humor

Question 77

What resources do children need to play?

Question 78

Older school age children tend to use implicit signals to regulate the play drama rather than straight forward proposals for adjustments.

Question 79

Why do adults sometimes think preschool children cheat when they play games?

Question 80

What is the function of the play frame?