Deck 2: The Components of Matter

Question 1

In nature, some elements exist as molecules, while others do not.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Compound 1 has a composition of 46.7 mass % of element A and 53.3 mass % of element B. A and B also form a second binary compound (compound 2). If the compositions of the two compounds are consistent with the law of multiple proportions, which of the following compositions could be that of compound 2?

A)23.4 mass % A 76.6 mass % B
B)30.4 mass % A 69.6 mass % B
C)33.3 mass % A 66.7 mass % B
D)53.3 mass % A 46.7 mass % B
E)73.3 mass % A 26.7 mass % B

Answer 2

30.4 mass % A 69.6 mass % B

Question 3

Atoms of one element cannot be converted to another element by any known method.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

All neutral atoms of tin have 50 protons and 50 electrons.

Question 5

The formula C₉H₂₀ is an empirical formula.

Question 6

When an alkali metal combines with a non-metal, a covalent bond is normally formed.

Question 7

Lead (Pb) is a main-group element.

Question 8

Who is credited with first measuring the charge of the electron?

A)Dalton
B)Gay-Lussac
C)Thomson
D)Millikan
E)Rutherford

Question 9

What are the approximate carbon:hydrogen mass ratios in methane (CH₄) and ethyne (C₂H₂)?

A)1:4 and 1:1
B)3:2 and 6:1
C)3:1 and 12:1
D)3:2 and 12:1
E)3:1 and 6:1

Question 10

Millikan's oil-drop experiment

A)established the charge on an electron.
B)showed that all oil drops carried the same charge.
C)provided support for the nuclear model of the atom.
D)suggested that some oil drops carried fractional numbers of electrons.
E)suggested the presence of a neutral particle in the atom.

Question 11

Who is credited with measuring the mass/charge ratio of the electron?

A)Dalton
B)Gay-Lussac
C)Thomson
D)Millikan
E)Rutherford

Question 12

Copper (Cu) is a transition metal.

Question 13

Ionic compounds may carry a net positive or negative charge.

Question 14

In a Millikan oil-drop experiment, the charges on several different oil drops were as follows: −5.92; −4.44; −2.96; −8.88. The units are arbitrary. What is the likely value of the electronic charge in these arbitrary units?

A)−1.11
B)−1.48
C)−2.22
D)−2.96
E)−5.55

Question 15

Modern studies have shown that the Law of Multiple Proportions is not valid.

Question 16

The mass of a neutron is equal to the mass of a proton plus the mass of an electron.

Question 17

J. J. Thomson studied cathode ray particles (electrons) and was able to measure the mass/charge ratio. His results showed that

A)the mass/charge ratio varied with as the cathode material was changed.
B)the charge was always a whole-number multiple of some minimum charge.
C)matter included particles much smaller than the atom.
D)atoms contained dense areas of positive charge.
E)atoms are largely empty space.

Question 18

Kaolinite, a clay mineral with the formula Al₄Si₄O₁₀(OH)₈, is used as a filler in slick-paper for magazines and as a raw material for ceramics. Analysis shows that 14.35 g of kaolinite contains 8.009 g of oxygen. Calculate the mass percent of oxygen in kaolinite.

A)1.792 mass %
B)24.80 mass %
C)30.81 mass %
D)34.12 mass %
E)55.81 mass %

Question 19

Who is credited with discovering the atomic nucleus?

A)Dalton
B)Gay-Lussac
C)Thomson
D)Millikan
E)Rutherford

Question 20

The molecular formula of a compound provides more information than its structural formula.

Question 21

Which of the following is a nonmetal?

A)Lithium, Li, Z = 3
B)Bromine, Br, Z = 35
C)Mercury, Hg, Z = 80
D)Bismuth, Bi, Z = 83
E)Sodium, Na, Z = 11

Question 22

A row of the periodic table is called a

A)group.
B)period.
C)isotopic mixture.
D)family.
E)subshell.

Question 23

Lithium forms compounds which are used in dry cells and storage batteries and in high-temperature lubricants. It has two naturally occurring isotopes, ⁶Li (isotopic mass = 6.015121 amu) and ⁷Li (isotopic mass = 7.016003 amu). Lithium has an atomic mass of 6.9409 amu. What is the percent abundance of lithium-6?

A)92.50%
B)86.66%
C)46.16%
D)7.503%
E)6.080%

Question 24

Bromine has two naturally occurring isotopes. ⁷⁹Br has a mass of 78.9 amu and accounts for 50.3% of bromine atoms. If the atomic mass of bromine is 79.9 amu, what is the mass of an atom of the second bromine isotope?

A)77.9 amu
B)80.0 amu
C)80.1 amu
D)80.9 amu
E)88.9 amu

Question 25

Which one of the following statements about atoms and subatomic particles is correct?

A)Rutherford discovered the atomic nucleus by bombarding gold foil with electrons.
B)The proton and the neutron have identical masses.
C)The neutron's mass is equal to that of a proton plus an electron.
D)A neutral atom contains equal numbers of protons and electrons.
E)An atomic nucleus contains equal numbers of protons and neutrons.

Question 26

Which of the following symbols does not represent an element?

A)O ₂
B)Co
C)HF
D)Cs
E)Xe

Question 27

In the modern periodic table, the order in which the elements are placed is based on

A)atomic mass.
B)mass number.
C)atomic number.
D)atomic size.
E)chemical reactivity.

Question 28

Bromine is the only nonmetal that is a liquid at room temperature. Consider the isotope bromine-81, . Select the combination which lists the correct atomic number, neutron number, and mass number, respectively.

A)35, 46, 81
B)35, 81, 46
C)81, 46, 35
D)46, 81, 35
E)35, 81, 116

Question 29

Which of the following is a metal?

A)Nitrogen, N, Z = 7
B)Phosphorus, P, Z = 15
C)Arsenic, Z = 33
D)Thallium, Tl, Z = 81
E)Silicon, Si, Z = 14

Question 30

An isotope of which of the following elements is chosen as a standard in measuring atomic mass?

A)Carbon
B)Oxygen
C)Hydrogen
D)Neon
E)Helium

Question 31

Which of the following is a metalloid?

A)Carbon, C, Z = 6
B)Sulfur, S, Z = 16
C)Germanium, Ge, Z = 32
D)Iridium, Z = 77
E)Bromine, Br, Z = 35

Question 32

Silicon, which makes up about 25% of Earth's crust by mass, is used widely in the modern electronics industry. It has three naturally occurring isotopes, ²⁸Si, ²⁹Si, and ³⁰Si. Calculate the atomic mass of silicon.

A)29.2252 amu
B)28.9757 amu
C)28.7260 amu
D)28.0855 amu
E)27.9801 amu

Question 33

One amu is defined as

A)the mass of a proton.
B)1/12 the mass of an atom of .
C)the mass of an atom of .
D)1/20 the mass of an atom of .
E)1/16 the mass of an atom of .

Question 34

Atoms X, Y, Z, and R have the following nuclear compositions: Which two are isotopes?

A)X & Y
B)X & R
C)Y & R
D)Z & R
E)X & Z

Question 35

The chemical symbol for potassium is

A)P.
B)Po.
C)Pt.
D)Pm.
E)K.

Question 36

Rutherford bombarded gold foil with alpha (α) particles and found that a small percentage of the particles were deflected. Which of the following was not accounted for by the model he proposed for the structure of atoms?

A)The small size of the nucleus
B)The charge on the nucleus
C)The total mass of the atom
D)The existence of protons
E)The presence of electrons outside the nucleus

Question 37

A column of the periodic table is called a

A)group.
B)period.
C)isotopic mixture.
D)pillar.
E)shell.

Question 38

Which of the following elements are the least reactive?

A)Alkali metals
B)Noble gases
C)Halogens
D)Alkaline earth metals
E)Metalloids

Question 39

Which one of the following groups does not contain any metals?

A)C, S, As, H
B)Cu, P, Se, Kr
C)N, Ne, Nd, Np
D)Xe, Hg, Ge, O
E)Cl, Al, Si, Ar

Question 40

When an atom is represented by the symbol , the value of A is the

A)number of neutrons in the atom.
B)number of protons in the atom.
C)atomic mass of the element.
D)total number of electrons and neutrons in the atom.
E)total number of protons and neutrons in the atom.

Question 41

In the ionic compound with the general formula M₂ X₃, the likely charge on X is

A)+1.
B)+3.
C)−1.
D)−2.
E)−3.

Question 42

Which of the following ions occurs commonly?

A)N ³⁺
B)S ⁶⁺
C)O ²⁻
D)Ca ⁺
E)Cl ⁺

Question 43

What is the chemical symbol for the group 6A (16) element that lies in period 4?

A)Cr
B)Hf
C)W
D)Ti
E)Se

Question 44

Which of the following compounds is ionic?

A)PF ₃
B)CS ₂
C)HCl
D)SO ₂
E)MgCl ₂

Question 45

What is the name of Na₂O?

A)Disodium monoxide
B)Sodium monoxide
C)Sodium dioxide
D)Sodium(I)oxide
E)Sodium oxide

Question 46

Barium fluoride is used in embalming and in glass manufacturing. Which of the following gives the formula and bonding for barium fluoride?

A)BaF ₂, ionic compound
B)BaF ₂, covalent compound
C)BaF, ionic compound
D)BaF, covalent compound
E)Ba ₂F, ionic compound

Question 47

The colorless substance, MgF₂, is used in the ceramics and glass industry. What is its name?

A)Magnesium difluoride
B)Magnesium fluoride
C)Magnesium(II)fluoride
D)Monomagnesium difluoride
E)None of these choices are correct

Question 48

Which one of the following is a polyatomic cation?

A)Nitrate
B)Chromate
C)Permanganate
D)Hydronium
E)Potassium

Question 49

Which, if any, of the following elements do not occur in the major classes of organic compounds?

A)H
B)C
C)N
D)O
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 50

Select the incorrect statement about elements and compounds.

A)All ionic compounds are neutral.
B)Some elements exist as molecules.
C)The bonding in compounds may be covalent or ionic.
D)The molecular formula of a compound provides more information than the structural formula.
E)Among the elements, there are more metals than nonmetals.

Question 51

The substance, CoCl₂, is useful as a humidity indicator because it changes from pale blue to pink as it gains water from moist air. What is its name?

A)Cobalt dichloride
B)Cobalt(II)chloride
C)Cobalt chloride
D)Cobaltic chloride
E)Copper(II)chloride

Question 52

Sodium oxide combines violently with water. Which of the following gives the formula and the bonding for sodium oxide?

A)NaO, ionic compound
B)NaO, covalent compound
C)Na ₂O, ionic compound
D)Na ₂O, covalent compound
E)Na ₂O ₂, ionic compound

Question 53

Which one of the following combinations of names and formulas of ions is incorrect?

A)O ²⁻ oxide
B)Cd ²⁺ cadmium
C)ClO ₃ ⁻ chlorate
D)HCO ₃ ⁻ hydrogen carbonate
E)NO ₂ ⁻ nitrate

Question 54

After an atom has lost an electron it becomes a/an __________ and has a __________ charge.

A)anion, positive
B)isotope, negative
C)anion, negative
D)cation, positive
E)nucleus, positive

Question 55

The compound, BaO, absorbs water and carbon dioxide readily and is used to dry gases and organic solvents. What is its name?

A)Barium oxide
B)Barium(II)oxide
C)Barium monoxide
D)Baric oxide
E)Barium peroxide

Question 56

Which of the following compounds is covalent?

A)CaCl ₂
B)MgO
C)Al ₂O ₃
D)Cs ₂S
E)PCl ₃

Question 57

Which of the following ions occurs commonly?

A)P ³⁺
B)Br ⁷⁺
C)O ⁶⁺
D)Ca ²⁺
E)K ⁻

Question 58

Which one of the following combinations of names and formulas of ions is incorrect?

A)O ₂ ⁻ oxide
B)Al ³⁺ aluminum
C)NO ₃ ⁻ nitrate
D)PO ₄ ³⁻ phosphate
E)CrO ₄ ²⁻ chromate

Question 59

The substance, CaSe, is used in materials which are electron emitters. What is its name?

A)Calcium monoselenide
B)Calcium(II)selenide
C)Calcium selenide
D)Calcium(I)selenide
E)Calcium(II)selenium

Question 60

Which of the following is the empirical formula for hexane, C₆H₁₄?

A)C ₁₂H ₂₈
B)C ₆H ₁₄
C)C ₃H ₇
D)CH _2.3
E)C _0.43H

Question 61

A red glaze on porcelain can be produced by using MnSO₄. What is its name?

A)Manganese disulfate
B)Manganese(II)sulfate
C)Manganese(IV)sulfate
D)Manganese sulfate
E)Manganese(I)sulfate

Question 62

What is the name of the acid formed when H₂S gas is dissolved in water?

A)Sulfuric acid
B)Sulfurous acid
C)Hydrosulfuric acid
D)Hydrosulfurous acid
E)Sulfidic acid

Question 63

Zinc acetate is used in preserving wood and in manufacturing glazes for porcelain. What is its formula?

A)ZnAc ₂
B)ZnCH ₃COO
C)Zn(CH ₃COO)₂
D)Zn ₂CH ₃COO
E)ZnCH ₃COCH ₃

Question 64

Calcium hydroxide is used in mortar, plaster, and cement. What is its formula?

A)CaOH
B)CaOH ₂
C)Ca ₂OH
D)Ca(OH)₂
E)CaHO ₂

Question 65

Barium sulfate is used in manufacturing photographic paper. What is its formula?

A)BaSO ₄
B)Ba(SO ₄)₂
C)Ba ₂SO ₄
D)Ba ₂(SO ₄)₃
E)BaSO ₃

Question 66

Which one of the following formulas of ionic compounds is the least likely to be correct?

A)NH ₄Cl
B)Ba(OH)₂
C)Na ₂SO ₄
D)Ca ₂NO ₃
E)Cu(CN)₂

Question 67

What is the formula for lead (II) oxide?

A)PbO
B)PbO ₂
C)Pb ₂O
D)PbO ₄
E)Pb ₂O ₃

Question 68

Potassium permanganate is a strong oxidizer that reacts explosively with easily oxidized materials. What is its formula?

A)KMnO ₃
B)KMnO ₄
C)K ₂MnO ₄
D)K(MnO ₄)₂
E)K ₂Mn ₂O ₇

Question 69

Which one of the following combinations of names and formulas of ions is incorrect?

A)Ba ²⁺ barium
B)S ²⁻ sulfate
C)CN ⁻ cyanide
D)ClO ₄ ⁻ perchlorate
E)HCO ₃ ⁻ bicarbonate

Question 70

Which one of the following formulas of ionic compounds is the least likely to be correct?

A)CaCl ₂
B)NaSO ₄
C)MgCO ₃
D)KF
E)Cu(NO ₃)₂

Question 71

Iron (III) chloride hexahydrate is used as a coagulant for sewage and industrial wastes. What is its formula?

A)Fe(Cl·6H₂O)₃
B)Fe ₃Cl·6H ₂O
C)FeCl ₃(H ₂O)₆
D)Fe ₃Cl(H ₂O)₆
E)FeCl ₃·6H ₂O

Question 72

The substance, KClO₃, is a strong oxidizer used in explosives, fireworks, and matches. What is its name?

A)Potassium chlorite
B)Potassium chloride
C)Potassium(I)chlorite
D)Potassium(I)chlorate
E)Potassium chlorate

Question 73

The compound, (NH₄)₂S, can be used in analysis for trace amounts of metals present in a sample. What is its name?

A)Ammonium sulfide
B)Diammonium sulfide
C)Ammonium sulfite
D)Ammonia(I)sulfite
E)Ammonium(I)sulfide

Question 74

The compound, NaH₂PO₄, is present in many baking powders. What is its name?

A)Sodium biphosphate
B)Sodium hydrogen phosphate
C)Sodium dihydrogen phosphate
D)Sodium hydrophosphate
E)Sodium dihydride phosphate

Question 75

What is the formula for magnesium sulfide?

A)MgS
B)MgS ₂
C)Mg ₂S
D)Mg ₂S ₃
E)MgSO ₄

Question 76

What is the formula for lithium nitrite?

A)LiNO ₂
B)Li ₂NO ₂
C)LiNO ₃
D)Li ₂NO ₃
E)LiNO ₄

Question 77

Silver chloride is used in photographic emulsions. What is its formula?

A)Ag ₂Cl ₃
B)Ag ₂Cl
C)AgCl ₃
D)AgCl ₂
E)AgCl

Question 78

Ferric oxide is used as a pigment in metal polishing. Which of the following is its formula?

A)FeO
B)Fe ₂O
C)FeO ₃
D)Fe ₂O ₅
E)Fe ₂O ₃

Question 79

Sodium peroxide is an oxidizer used to bleach animal and vegetable fibers. What is its formula?

A)NaO
B)NaO ₂
C)Na ₂O ₂
D)Na ₂O
E)NaH ₂O ₂

Question 80

Which one of the following combinations of names and formulas of ions is incorrect?

A)NH ₄ ⁺ ammonium
B)S ²⁻ sulfide
C)CN ⁻ cyanide
D)S ₂O ₃ ²⁻ thiosulfate
E)ClO ₃ ⁻ perchlorate