Question 1

Women treated with oestrogen-only preparations may be at an increased risk of developing:&#10;A) colon cancer.&#10;B) Alzheimer's disease.&#10;C) osteoporosis.&#10;D) breast cancer.

Accepted Answer

Oestrogen-only preparations have been linked to an increased risk of breast cancer. Other risks associated with oestrogen-only preparations include endometrial cancer, stroke, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism. It is important for women to discuss the risks and benefits of hormone replacement therapy with their healthcare provider.

Question 2

Hormone replacement therapy comprising an oestrogen-progestogen combination for menopausal and postmenopausal women has been found to:&#10;A) be inappropriate for the short-term relief associated with the clinical manifestations of the menopause.&#10;B) lower the risk of cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women.&#10;C) reduce the relative risk of osteoporosis and colon cancer but increase the risk of breast cancer and thromboembolism for postmenopausal women receiving therapy.&#10;D) be safer than the use of a selective oestrogen receptor modulator in the management of osteoporosis.

Accepted Answer

Hormone replacement therapy comprising an oestrogen-progestogen combination has been found to reduce the relative risk of osteoporosis and colon cancer. However, it has also been associated with an increased risk of breast cancer and thromboembolism for postmenopausal women receiving therapy. Therefore, it is not recommended for the short-term relief associated with the clinical manifestations of the menopause. Additionally, the safety of hormone replacement therapy is not comparable to the use of a selective oestrogen receptor modulator in the management of osteoporosis. On the other hand, hormone replacement therapy has been found to lower the risk of cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women.

Question 3

To ensure maximum efficacy for postcoital contraception,it needs to be administered within 12 hours of sexual intercourse.

Accepted Answer

Postcoital contraception can be effective if taken within 72 hours (3 days) of unprotected sex, but its efficacy is higher the sooner it is taken.

Question 4

The SERM tamoxifen is used in the treatment of:&#10;A) menopausal symptoms.&#10;B) osteoporosis.&#10;C) enhanced healing after surgery.&#10;D) breast cancer.

Accepted Answer

Tamoxifen is primarily used in the treatment of breast cancer, particularly estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer. It works by blocking the effects of estrogen in breast tissue, which can help prevent the growth and spread of cancer cells. Tamoxifen is not commonly used for menopausal symptoms, osteoporosis, or enhanced healing after surgery.

Question 5

An adverse effect NOT associated with androgenic drug use is:&#10;A) increased libido.&#10;B) increased aggressiveness.&#10;C) testicular hypertrophy.&#10;D) liver disorders.

Accepted Answer

Testicular hypertrophy is not associated with androgenic drug use; instead, these drugs can lead to testicular atrophy due to decreased endogenous testosterone production.

Question 6

The AAS nandrolone may be used in the treatment of:&#10;A) menopausal symptoms.&#10;B) osteoporosis.&#10;C) enhanced healing after surgery.&#10;D) breast cancer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The AAS nandrolone may be used in...

Question 7

A major consideration associated with the progestogen-only contraceptive pill is:&#10;A) that it cannot be used in women who are breastfeeding.&#10;B) it increases the risk of breast cancer.&#10;C) it has an increased failure rate compared to the oestrogen-progestogen combinations.&#10;D) if you are intolerant to an oestrogen-progestogen combination, you cannot use this preparation either.

Accepted Answer

The progestogen-only contraceptive pill has a slightly higher failure rate compared to combined oestrogen-progestogen contraceptive pills, mainly because it requires strict adherence to taking the pill at the same time every day for maximum effectiveness.

Question 8

What is the efficacy rate for emergency contraception when used within 72 hours?&#10;A) 70 per cent&#10;B) 80 per cent&#10;C) 90 per cent&#10;D) 100 per cent

Accepted Answer

The efficacy rate for emergency contraception when used within 72 hours is approximately 90%. This means that out of 100 women who use emergency contraception within 72 hours of unprotected sex or contraceptive failure, 90 will not become pregnant. It is important to note that the efficacy rate decreases with time after unprotected sex or contraceptive failure, and emergency contraception should be used as soon as possible for the best chance of effectiveness.

Question 9

Which one of the gonadal hormones induces effects that include increased libido,enhanced red blood cell production and raised basal metabolic rate?&#10;A) Oestrogen&#10;B) Testosterone&#10;C) Progesterone&#10;D) Inhibin

Accepted Answer

Testosterone is the hormone responsible for increased libido, enhanced red blood cell production, and raised basal metabolic rate. Oestrogen and progesterone do not have these effects, while inhibin is involved in regulating the production of other hormones.

Deck 63: Medicines and the Gonads