Deck 18: The Cardiovascular System Ii: the Blood Vessels

Question 1

Which vessels serve as the blood reservoirs of the body?

A)muscular arteries
B)arterioles
C)veins
D)metarterioles

Answer 1

C

Question 2

What is the average value for mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

A)95 mm Hg
B)150 mm Hg
C)80 mm Hg
D)120 mm Hg

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following arteries has the smallest diameter?

A)muscular artery
B)metarteriole
C)elastic artery
D)arteriole

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The closure of a precapillary sphincter prevents blood flow to tissues from:

A)venules.
B)arterioles.
C)elastic arteries.
D)muscular arteries.

Question 5

Select the correct relationship between peripheral resistance and blood pressure.

A)As peripheral resistance increases,blood pressure decreases.
B)As peripheral resistance increases,blood pressure increases.
C)As peripheral resistance decreases,blood pressure increases.
D)Peripheral resistance has no effect on blood pressure.

Question 6

Which circuit has the greatest peripheral resistance?

A)hepatic circuit
B)pulmonary circuit
C)systemic circuit
D)venous circuit

Question 7

Which of the following connects vessels through vascular anastomoses?

A)capillary beds
B)precapillary sphincters
C)postcapillary venules
D)collaterals

Question 8

What type of vessel is built to handle the highest pressure of any vessel in the cardiovascular system?

A)muscular artery
B)arteriole
C)elastic artery
D)metarteriole

Question 9

Which blood vessels handle the highest blood pressure?

A)pulmonary arteries
B)systemic arteries
C)pulmonary veins
D)systemic veins

Question 10

Which blood vessels experience the sharpest decrease in blood pressure?

A)systemic arterioles
B)systemic veins
C)systemic venules
D)systemic capillary beds

Question 11

What two factors determine the pressure gradient that drives circulation?

A)cardiac output and peripheral resistance
B)blood vessel radius and blood vessel length
C)heart rate and stroke volume
D)diastolic pressure and systolic pressure

Question 12

Which blood vessel tunic is innervated by nerves from the sympathetic nervous system?

A)tunica media
B)tunica externa
C)tunica intima
D)tunica adventitia

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE of veins?

A)Veins have more smooth muscle than arteries.
B)Veins have smaller lumens than arteries.
C)Veins have thinner walls than arteries.
D)Veins have more elastic fibers than arteries.

Question 14

Peripheral resistance includes all of the following EXCEPT:

A)blood viscosity.
B)blood vessel length.
C)blood type.
D)vessel radius.

Question 15

During exercise,our vessels constrict and vessel radius decreases.What impact does a decreased vessel radius have on blood flow?

A)Blood flow decreases.
B)Blood flow remains the same.
C)Blood flow increases.
D)Vessel radius has no impact on blood flow.

Question 16

The outward force that blood exerts on the walls of blood vessels is:

A)resistance.
B)blood flow.
C)cardiac output.
D)blood pressure.

Question 17

What two values are needed to calculate mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

A)stroke volume and cardiac output
B)blood vessel length and blood vessel radius
C)diastolic pressure and systolic pressure
D)heart rate and peripheral resistance

Question 18

Place in order from superficial to deep the three tunics of a typical blood vessel.

A)tunica intima,tunica media,tunica externa
B)tunica externa,tunica media,tunica intima
C)tunica media,tunica intima,tunica externa
D)tunica externa,tunica intima,tunica media

Question 19

Which of the following will decrease peripheral resistance?

A)increase in vessel radius
B)increase in vessel length
C)increase in vessel obstructions
D)increase in blood viscosity

Question 20

The average pressure in the systemic arteries during an entire cardiac cycle is known as:

A)venous pressure.
B)pulmonary circuit.
C)systolic pressure.
D)mean arterial pressure (MAP).

Question 21

Hypertension is defined as:

A)low blood pressure.
B)high blood sugar.
C)high blood pressure.
D)excess aldosterone.

Question 22

When arterial blood pressure is measured in the arm with a sphygmomanometer,which vessel is used to measure pressure?

A)axillary artery
B)brachial artery
C)subclavian artery
D)ulnar artery

Question 23

Which of the following does NOT assist the return of venous blood to the heart?

A)venous valves
B)elastic fibers
C)respiratory pump
D)skeletal muscle pump

Question 24

The Valsalva maneuver causes a drop in blood pressure which should be detected by:

A)thermoreceptors.
B)nociceptors.
C)chemoreceptors.
D)baroreceptors.

Question 25

Which of the following vessels has the lowest blood pressure?

A)aorta
B)capillary beds
C)inferior vena cava
D)elastic arteries

Question 26

Archie took several deep breaths of air.By breathing deeply,what mechanism did he assist to return venous blood to his heart?

A)mean arterial pressure (MAP)
B)respiratory pump
C)Korotkoff sounds
D)skeletal muscle pump

Question 27

What type of capillary has large pores within their endothelial cells and are the leakiest?

A)sinusoidal capillaries
B)fenestrated capillaries
C)closed capillaries
D)continuous capillaries

Question 28

Central chemoreceptors detect a decrease in pH in interstitial fluids in the brain.What is the response of the medulla to maintain delivery of oxygen to cells?

A)A feedback loop is initiated that indirectly increases parasympathetic activity which results in vasodilation and a decrease in blood pressure.
B)A feedback loop is initiated that indirectly increases sympathetic activity which results in vasoconstriction and a rise in blood pressure.
C)A feedback loop is initiated that indirectly decreases sympathetic activity which results in vasodilation and a decrease in blood pressure.
D)A feedback loop is initiated that indirectly increases parasympathetic activity which results in vasoconstriction and a rise in blood pressure.

Question 29

Determine the mean arterial pressure (MAP)given a systolic pressure of 130 mm Hg and diastolic pressure of 70 mm Hg.

A)90 mm Hg
B)130 mm Hg
C)200 mm Hg
D)70 mm Hg

Question 30

Under what conditions will the myogenic mechanism slow blood flow into a capillary bed?

A)rising arteriolar pressure
B)rising carbon dioxide levels
C)dropping arteriole pressure
D)rising hydrogen ion levels

Question 31

Which of the following stimuli is detected by a chemoreceptor?

A)increased blood pressure
B)stretch in the walls of arteries
C)vasodilation of arterioles
D)decreased blood oxygen concentration

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT a treatment for hypertension?

A)stop smoking
B)increase physical activity
C)limit alcohol intake
D)increase intake of sugar

Question 33

Which capillary would be least likely to allow substances to enter or exit the blood due to tight junctions that join the endothelial cells?

A)closed capillaries
B)sinusoidal capillaries
C)fenestrated capillaries
D)continuous capillaries

Question 34

Which nervous system promotes increased peripheral resistance and increased blood pressure through the vasoconstriction of systemic arterioles?

A)parasympathetic nervous system
B)somatic nervous system
C)sensory nervous system
D)sympathetic nervous system

Question 35

Which mechanism allows lipid-soluble substances to move through the membranes of endothelial cells of capillaries?

A)diffusion
B)osmosis
C)transcytosis
D)facilitated diffusion

Question 36

Which vessels increase peripheral resistance when they vasoconstrict in response to epinephrine and norepinephrine?

A)venules
B)muscular arteries
C)systemic arterioles
D)capillaries

Question 37

Which of the following decreases heart rate,and thus cardiac output and blood pressure?

A)acetylcholine
B)epinephrine
C)norepinephrine
D)angiotensin-II

Question 38

What hormone is released to decrease blood pressure?

A)antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
B)angiotensin-II
C)atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
D)aldosterone

Question 39

Which organ system regulates blood volume by altering the amount of fluid released in urine?

A)digestive system
B)nervous system
C)urinary system
D)respiratory system

Question 40

How do parasympathetic neurons in the medulla respond to increased blood pressure?

A)Heart rate is increased.
B)Vasoconstriction is promoted.
C)Sympathetic activity is inhibited.
D)Cardiac output is increased.

Question 41

Which artery supplies the small intestine with blood?

A)inferior mesenteric artery
B)hepatic artery
C)superior mesenteric artery
D)middle mesenteric artery

Question 42

Which pressure is created by the presence of large proteins in the blood,such as albumin?

A)hydrostatic pressure
B)colloid osmotic pressure
C)interstitial fluid osmotic pressure
D)interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure

Question 43

Damage to the external iliac artery will affect delivery of blood to the:

A)lower limb.
B)brain.
C)upper limb.
D)abdominal organs.

Question 44

Determine fluid movement when hydrostatic pressure exceeds colloid osmotic pressure at the arteriolar end of the capillary.

A)There is no net movement of water.
B)Water is pulled into the capillary by absorption.
C)Water is pushed off the capillary by filtration.
D)Water is pushed into the capillary by absorption.

Question 45

What is edema?

A)dehydration
B)net filtration pressure
C)absorption
D)swelling

Question 46

Which of the following vessels can be used for taking the pulse?

A)brachial artery
B)renal artery
C)internal iliac artery
D)celiac trunk

Question 47

Which pressure pulls water into the capillary?

A)colloid osmotic pressure
B)interstitial fluid osmotic pressure
C)interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure
D)capillary hydrostatic pressure

Question 48

Which of the following arteries gives rise to all others listed?

A)radial artery
B)axillary artery
C)brachial artery
D)ulnar artery

Question 49

Determine the process that drives water movement across a capillary when net filtration pressure is negative.

A)absorption
B)filtration
C)diffusion
D)endocytosis

Question 50

What is the largest artery in the body?

A)aorta
B)pulmonary trunk
C)left subclavian artery
D)left common carotid artery

Question 51

Determine the net filtration pressure (NFP)if capillary hydrostatic pressure is 40 mm Hg and the colloid osmotic pressure is 25 mm Hg.

A)45 mm Hg
B)25 mm Hg
C)-15 mm Hg
D)15 mm Hg

Question 52

Which of the following vessels gives rise to the common hepatic artery,left gastric artery,and splenic artery?

A)superior mesenteric artery
B)celiac trunk
C)intestinal arteries
D)superior epigastric artery

Question 53

What name does the femoral artery take as it emerges in the posterior thigh?

A)dorsalis pedis artery
B)posterior tibial artery
C)anterior tibial artery
D)popliteal artery

Question 54

Blood pressure is equivalent to:

A)net filtration pressure.
B)colloid osmotic pressure.
C)hydrostatic pressure.
D)oncotic pressure.

Question 55

Which division of the aorta gives rise to the right and left common iliac arteries?

A)aortic arch
B)ascending aorta
C)descending thoracic aorta
D)descending abdominal aorta

Question 56

At the arteriolar end of the capillary,which pressure is the greatest?

A)colloid osmotic pressure
B)capillary hydrostatic pressure
C)oncotic pressure
D)interstitial fluid osmotic pressure

Question 57

Which of the following is NOT an artery that branches off the aortic arch?

A)right subclavian artery
B)brachiocephalic artery
C)left subclavian artery
D)left common carotid artery

Question 58

A cerebrovascular accident (CVA,or stroke)can occur due to a blockage in the:

A)basilar artery.
B)occipital artery.
C)axillary artery.
D)facial artery.

Question 59

Which of the following situations creates edema?

A)an increase in the capillary hydrostatic pressure gradient
B)a negative net filtration pressure (NFP)
C)an increase in the colloid osmotic pressure
D)a decrease in the capillary hydrostatic pressure gradient

Question 60

Water crosses capillary beds from high to low hydrostatic pressure by:

A)filtration.
B)transcytosis.
C)facilitated diffusion.
D)diffusion.

Question 61

The anterior and posterior tibial veins merge to form the:

A)femoral vein.
B)medial plantar vein.
C)great saphenous vein.
D)external iliac vein.

Question 62

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)causes vasodilation resulting in a mild decrease in peripheral resistance and blood pressure.

Question 63

Into which vein does blood in the external jugular vein drain?

A)inferior vena cava
B)subclavian vein
C)internal jugular vein
D)vertebral vein

Question 64

The azygos system collects blood from the:

A)posterior thoracic and abdominal walls.
B)abdominopelvic cavity.
C)anterior thoracic and abdominal walls.
D)superior thoracic cavity.

Question 65

The myogenic mechanism counters changes in blood flow through capillary beds by altering arterial resistance.

Question 66

Veins regulate blood pressure and control blood flow to organs.

Question 67

Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver via the hepatic portal system?

A)destruction of red blood cells
B)storage of glucose
C)detoxification reactions
D)erythropoiesis

Question 68

Arteries in the systemic circuit carry oxygenated blood while arteries in the pulmonary circuit transport deoxygenated blood.

Question 69

Vessels with a smaller radius will have an increased resistance to blood flow.

Question 70

Cerebrospinal fluid drains into:

A)the azygos system.
B)facial vein.
C)external jugular vein.
D)dural sinuses.

Question 71

Into what vein do the splenic,gastric,superior mesenteric,and inferior mesenteric veins drain?

A)inferior vena cava
B)inferior epigastric vein
C)hepatic vein
D)hepatic portal vein

Question 72

Increased sympathetic activity leads to vasodilation and a decrease in blood pressure.

Question 73

Increase or decrease in blood oxygen concentration triggers the baroreceptor reflex,which is regulated by the medulla of the brainstem.

Question 74

Fenestrations in capillaries are small pores that allow water and small substances to move through freely.

Question 75

The union of the radial and ulnar veins forms the:

A)brachial vein.
B)basilic vein.
C)median cubital vein.
D)axillary vein.

Question 76

Mean arterial pressure generally measures around 120/80 mm Hg.

Question 77

Cross-sectional area increases as arteries branch into smaller vessels,causing the blood to flow more slowly.

Question 78

Which of the following represents the systemic flow of most blood?

A)arteriole,artery,capillary bed,vein,venule
B)artery,arteriole,capillary bed,vein,venule
C)artery,arteriole,capillary bed,venule,vein
D)arteriole,artery,capillary bed,venule,vein

Question 79

Which of the following veins does NOT drain directly into the inferior vena cava?

A)renal vein
B)common iliac vein
C)hepatic portal vein
D)hepatic vein

Question 80

Most veins below the diaphragm drain into the:

A)superior vena cava.
B)superior mesenteric vein.
C)inferior vena cava.
D)hepatic vein.