Deck 7: The Endocrine System Endocrinology

Question 1

Which is the correct breakdown of the medical term thyromegaly into its component parts?

A) thyro/megaly
B) thy/ro/megaly
C) thy/ro/megal/y
D) thy/ro/meg/aly
E) thy/ro/meg/al/y

Answer 1

thyro/megaly

Question 2

Which is the correct breakdown of the medical term hypergonadism into its component parts?

A) hyper/gonadism
B) hyper/gonad/ism
C) hyp/ergo/nad/ism
D) hyp/er/gonad/ism
E) hy/per/gon/ad/ism

Answer 2

hyper/gonad/ism

Question 3

Choose the correct translation for the root cortic/o.

A) Adrenal gland
B) Hormone
C) Outer surface
D) Secrete
E) Stimulating hormone

Answer 3

Outer surface

Question 4

Which is the correct breakdown of the medical term thyroparathyroidectomy into its component parts?

A) thyroparathyroid/ectomy
B) thyro/parathy/roidec/tomy
C) thyro/para/thyroid/ectomy
D) thyro/para/thyroid/ecto/my
E) thy/ro/para/thy/roid/ec/tomy

Question 5

Identify and define the root in the medical term hypophysitis.

A) hypo over
B) hypo under
C) hypophys pituitary
D) phys pituitary
E) itis inflammation

Question 6

Identify the correct pronunciation of the term glycolysis.

A) glai-KAW-lih-sis
B) glai-KAW-lai-sis
C) glai-KOH-lee-sis
D) glee-KOH-lai-sees
E) glee-KOW-lai-sis

Question 7

Which of the following roots means "sugar"?

A) gluc/o
B) glucos/o
C) glyc/o
D) all of these
E) none of these

Question 8

Which is the correct breakdown of the medical term gluconeogenesis into its component parts?

A) gluconeo/genesis
B) gluco/neo/genesis
C) glu/coneo/gen/esis
D) glu/co/neo/gen/esis
E) glu/co/ne/ogen/es/is

Question 9

Which of the following word parts means "stimulating hormone"?

A) cortic/o
B) crin/o
C) -uria
D) -ket/o
E) -tropin

Question 10

Choose the correct translation for the root crin/o.

A) Adrenal gland
B) Hormone
C) Outer surface
D) Secrete
E) Stimulating hormone

Question 11

Which is the correct breakdown of the medical term adrenocortical carcinoma into its component parts?

A) adreno/cortical carcinoma
B) adreno/cortical carcin/oma
C) adreno/cortic/al carcin/oma
D) ad/reno/cortic/al carcin/oma
E) ad/reno/cortic/al car/cin/oma

Question 12

Which is the correct breakdown of the medical term hypoglycemic into its component parts?

A) hypo/glycemic
B) hypo/glycem/ic
C) hypo/glyc/emic
D) hypo/glyc/em/ic
E) hy/po/gly/cem/ic

Question 13

Which of the following roots refer to sex organs?

A) adren/o
B) crin/o
C) gonad/o
D) hypophys/o
E) ket/o

Question 14

Identify and define the root in the medical term polyadenopathy.

A) poly many
B) ad toward
C) adeno gland
D) eno endocrine system
E) pathy disease

Question 15

Identify and define the root in the medical term hypoparathyroidism.

A) hypo over
B) hypo under
C) para beside
D) thyroid thyroid
E) ism condition

Question 16

Choose the correct translation for the root hypophys/o.

A) Adrenal gland
B) Gland
C) Gonads
D) Hormone
E) Pituitary gland

Question 17

Choose the correct translation for the roots adren/o, adrenal/o.

A) Adrenal gland
B) Gland
C) Gonads
D) Hormone
E) Pituitary gland

Question 18

Which is the correct breakdown of the medical term polyadenopathy into its component parts?

A) poly/adenopathy
B) polyadeno/pathy
C) poly/adeno/pathy
D) poly/aden/opath/y
E) poly/ad/eno/pathy

Question 19

Identify the correct pronunciation of the term thyrotropin.

A) THAI-rah-trah-peen
B) THAI-roh-TROH-pin
C) THEE-rah-trah-peen
D) THEE-roh-TROH-pin

Question 20

Identify and define the root related to the endocrine system in the medical term insulinoma.

A) in in, inside
B) insulin insulin, a hormone secreted by the pancreas that controls the metabolism and uptake of sugar and fats
C) sul sugar
D) sulin sugar
E) noma tumor

Question 21

Which is the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term adrenarche?

A) adren (adrenal) + arche (beginning) = beginning of adrenal secretions
B) adren (gland) + arche (beginning) = beginning of gland formation
C) adren (hormone) + arche (beginning) = beginning of hormone formation
D) adren (secretions) + arche (beginning) = beginning of hormonal secretions

Question 22

Which medical term means "thyroid tumor" and is another name for a goiter?

A) Thymoma
B) Thyrocele
C) Thyroiditis
D) Thyroidotoxin
E) Thyroptosis

Question 23

Which is the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term uremia?

A) uremia = urine condition
B) uremia = blood condition
C) uremia = blood and urine condition
D) ur (urine) + emia (blood condition) = presence of urinary waste in the blood
E) ur (personal) + emia (blood condition) = personal blood condition

Question 24

Which is the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term panhypopituitarism?

A) pan (all) + hypo (over) + pituitar (pituitary gland) + ism (condition) = overactivity of the entire pituitary gland
B) pan (all) + hypo (under) + pituitar (pituitary gland) + ism (condition) = defective or absent function of the entire pituitary gland
C) pan (many) + hypo (over) + pituitar (pituitary gland) + ism (formation) = the condition of having multiple pituitary glands
D) pan (one) + hypo (under) + pituitar (pituitary gland) + ism (condition) = defective or absent function of part of the pituitary gland
E) pan (one) + hypo (over) + pituitar (pituitary gland) + ism (condition) = overactivity of part of the pituitary gland

Question 25

Which is the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term pancreatolithiasis?

A) pancreato (pancreas) + lith (cyst) + iasis (disease) = disease caused by a cyst in the pancreas
B) pancreato (pancreas) + lith (cyst) + iasis (presence) = presence of a cyst in the pancreas
C) pancreato (pancreas) + lith (stone) + iasis (disease) = disease caused by a stone in the pancreas
D) pancreato (pancreas) + lith (stone) + iasis (presence) = presence of a stone in the pancreas
E) pancreato (pancreas) + lith (tumor) + iasis (presence) = presence of a tumor in the pancreas

Question 26

Which is the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term acromegaly?

A) acro (extremities) + megaly (abnormally large) = abnormally large extremities
B) acro (extremities) + megaly (abnormally small) = abnormally small extremities
C) acro (extremities) + megaly (multiple) = multiple extremities
D) acro (extremities) + megaly (united) = united extremities

Question 27

Which is the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term thyrotoxicosis?

A) thyro (adrenal gland) + toxic (poison) + osis (inflammation) = inflammation of the adrenal gland that is toxic to the body
B) thyro (hormone) + toxic (poison) + osis (condition) = hormonal condition where too many hormones secreted by the body cause tissue in the body to die
C) thyro (thymus) + toxic (poison) + osis (disease) = deterioration of the thymus
D) thyro (thyroid) + toxic (poison) + osis (condition) = condition caused by the exposure of body tissue to excessive levels of thyroid hormone
E) thyro (thyroid) + toxic (poison) + osis (disease) = disease where excessive hormones in the body damage the thyroid

Question 28

Which is the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term exocrine?

A) exo (inside) + crine (hormone) = hormones within the body
B) exo (inside) + crine (secretion) = to secrete internally (i.e., into the bloodstream)
C) exo (outside) + crine (hormone) = hormones outside the body
D) exo (outside) + crine (secretion) = to secrete outside the body (through ducts to the surface of an organ)

Question 29

Which is the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term ketogenesis?

A) keto (ketone) + genesis (breakdown) = breakdown of ketone bodies
B) keto (ketone) + genesis (creation) = creation of ketone bodies
C) keto (ketone) + genesis (removal) = removal of ketone bodies
D) keto (ketone) + genesis (secretion) = secretion of ketone bodies
E) keto (ketone) + genesis (tumor) = tumor of ketone bodies

Question 30

Which is the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term hypophysectomy?

A) hypophys (pancreas) + ectomy (removal) = removal of the pancreas
B) hypophys (pituitary) + ectomy (removal) = removal of the pituitary gland
C) hypo (over) + phys (gland) + ectomy (removal) = removal of the adrenal gland
D) hypo (under) + phys (gland) + ectomy (removal) = removal of the pituitary gland

Question 31

Which is the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term cholangiopancreatography?

A) chol (bile) + angio (vessel) + pancreato (pancreas)+ graphy (looking procedure) = procedure used to examine the bile ducts and pancreas
B) chol (bile) + angio (vessel) + pancreato (pancreas)+ graphy (looking record) = procedure used to record the functioning of the bile ducts and pancreas
C) chol (bile) + angio (vessel) + pancreato (pancreas)+ graphy (writing procedure) = procedure used to examine the bile ducts and pancreas
D) chol (bile) + angio (vessel) + pancreato (pancreas)+ graphy (writing record) = procedure used to record the functioning of the bile ducts and pancreas

Question 32

Which is the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term parathyroidectomy?

A) para (beside) + thyroid (thyroid) + ectomy (incision) = incision of the parathyroid
B) para (beside) + thyroid (thyroid) + ectomy (removal) = removal of the parathyroid
C) para (inside) + thyroid (thyroid) + ectomy (incision) = incision into the thyroid
D) para (inside) + thyroid (thyroid) + ectomy (removal) = removal of the inside of the thyroid
E) para (outside) + thyroid (thyroid) + ectomy (incision) = incision into the outside of the thyroid

Question 33

Which medical term means "pain in the pancreas"?

A) Pancreatalgia
B) Pancreatectomy
C) Pancreatitis
D) Pancreatolith
E) Pancreatolithiasis

Question 34

Which is the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term pancreatic pseudocyst?

A) pancreat (pancreas) + ic (inflammation) + pseudo (cancer) + cyst (cyst) = inflammation of the pancreas caused by a cancerous cyst
B) pancreat (pancreas) + ic (inflammation) + pseudo (change) + cyst (cyst) = inflammation of the pancreas due to changing cysts within the organ
C) pancreat (pancreas) + ic (pertaining to) + pseudo (false) + cyst (cyst) =abnormally expanded area in the pancreas resembling a cyst
D) pancreat (pancreas) + ic (pertaining to) + pseudo (change) + cyst (tumor) = a tumor in the pancreas that is changing into a cyst
E) pancreat (pancreas) + ic (pertaining to) + pseudo (false) + cyst (tumor) = an abnormal area of the pancreas that looks like a tumor

Question 35

Which is the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term hypophysitis?

A) hypophys (pancreas) + itis (disease) = disease of the pancreas
B) hypophys (pituitary gland) + itis (inflammation) = inflammation of the pituitary gland.
C) hypo (over) + phys (pancreas) + itis (disease) = disease of the glands over the pancreas
D) hypo (under) + phys (pancreas) + itis (inflammation) = too small of a pancreas
E) hypo (over) + phys (pituitary gland) + itis (condition) = condition of the glands over the pituitary gland

Question 36

Which medical term means "pain in a gland"?

A) Adenalgia
B) Adenocarcinoma
C) Adenoma
D) Adenomegaly
E) Adenosis

Question 37

Which is the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term hypercholesterolemia?

A) hyper (over/excessive) + cholesterol (cholesterol) + emia (blood condition) = excessive cholesterol in the blood
B) hyper (over/excessive) + cholesterol (cholesterol) + emia (urine condition) = excessive cholesterol in the urine
C) hyper (under/insufficient) + cholesterol (cholesterol) + emia (blood condition) = insufficient cholesterol in the blood
D) hyper (under/insufficient) + cholesterol (cholesterol) + emia (urine condition) = insufficient cholesterol in the urine

Question 38

Which medical term means "calcium in the urine"?

A) Calcemia
B) Calciuria
C) Chloremia
D) Kenonuria
E) Polyuria

Question 39

Which is the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term hypogonadism?

A) hypo (large) + gonad (gonad) + ism (pertaining to) = pertaining to large gonads
B) hypo (over) + gonad (gonad) + ism (disease) = disease caused by over secretion of the sex glands
C) hypo (small) + gonad (gonad) + ism (formation) = formation of small gonads
D) hypo (under) + gonad (gonad) + ism (condition) = under secretion of the sex glands

Question 40

Which is the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term endocrine?

A) endo (inside) + crine (hormone) = hormones within the body
B) endo (inside) + crine (secretion) = to secrete internally (i.e., into the bloodstream)
C) endo (outside) + crine (hormone) = hormones outside the body
D) endo (outside) + crine (secretion) = to secrete outside the body (i.e., through the breath)

Question 41

Translate the medical term chloremia as literally as possible.

A) Excessive potassium in the blood
B) Excessive potassium in the urine
C) High blood sugar
D) Increased chloride in the blood
E) Increased chloride in the urine

Question 42

Translate the medical term adrenal adenoma as literally as possible.

A) "Adrenal cortex cancer tumor," cancerous tumor originating in the cortex of the adrenal gland
B) "Adrenal gland tumor," tumor of the adrenal gland
C) "Gland cancer tumor," cancerous tumor of a gland
D) "Gland disease"
E) "Gland tumor," tumor of a gland

Question 43

Which medical term means "abnormal enlargement of a gland"?

A) Adenalgia
B) Adenocarcinoma
C) Adenoma
D) Adenomegaly
E) Adenosis

Question 44

Which medical term means "tumor of the thymus"?

A) Thymectomy
B) Thymoma
C) Thyrocele
D) Thyromegaly
E) Thyrotoxicosis

Question 45

Translate the medical term adrenomegaly as literally as possible.

A) Adrenal enlargement
B) Adrenal formation
C) Gland enlargement
D) Gland formation
E) Multiple glands

Question 46

Which medical term means "removal of the thymus"?

A) Thymectomy
B) Thymoma
C) Thyrocele
D) Thyromegaly
E) Thyrotoxicosis

Question 47

Translate the medical term glycopenia as literally as possible.

A) Breakdown of sugar
B) Deficiency of sugar
C) Formation of sugar
D) Hormone that stimulates the breakdown of sugar
E) Hormone that stimulates the formation of sugar

Question 48

Which medical term means "over thyroid condition," overproduction by the thyroid?

A) Hyperparathyroidism
B) Hyperthyroidism
C) Hypoparathyroidism
D) Hypothyroidism

Question 49

Translate the medical term adenocarcinoma as literally as possible.

A) "Adrenal cortex cancer tumor," cancerous tumor originating in the cortex of the adrenal gland
B) "Adrenal gland tumor," tumor of the adrenal gland
C) "Gland cancer tumor," cancerous tumor of a gland
D) "Gland disease"
E) "Gland tumor," tumor of a gland

Question 50

Which medical term means "hormone that stimulates the gonads"?

A) Adrenaline
B) Corticotropin
C) Glucagon
D) Gonadogenesis
E) Gonadotropin

Question 51

Which medical term means "inflammation of the thyroid"?

A) Thyrocele
B) Thyroiditis
C) Thyroidotomy
D) Thyromegaly
E) Thyroptosis

Question 52

Which medical term means "creation/development of gonads"?

A) Adrenaline
B) Corticotropin
C) Glucagon
D) Gonadogenesis
E) Gonadotropin

Question 53

Translate the medical term hypoglycemic as literally as possible.

A) Condition of low blood sugar
B) Condition of low sugar
C) Disease with low blood count
D) Pertaining to low blood sugar
E) Pertaining to low sugar

Question 54

Translate the medical term euglycemia as literally as possible.

A) Bad blood sugar
B) Bad sugar
C) Good blood sugar
D) Good sugar

Question 55

Which medical term means "incision into the thyroid"?

A) Thyrocele
B) Thyroiditis
C) Thyroidotomy
D) Thyromegaly
E) Thyroptosis

Question 56

Translate the medical term galactorrhea as literally as possible.

A) Milk blockage
B) Milk discharge
C) Milk enlargement
D) Milk hernia
E) Milk out

Question 57

Translate the medical term thyroptosis as literally as possible.

A) Condition of the thyroid
B) Downward displacement (drooping) of the thyroid
C) Enlargement of the thyroid
D) Hernia of the thyroid
E) Tumor of the thyroid

Question 58

Which medical term means "ketone body condition," a condition characterized by elevated levels of ketone bodies in the blood?

A) Euglycemia
B) Hyperkalemia
C) Ketonuria
D) Ketosis
E) Myxedema

Question 59

Which medical term means "gland condition"?

A) Adenalgia
B) Adenocarcinoma
C) Adenoma
D) Adenomegaly
E) Adenosis

Question 60

Translate the medical term hyperparathyroidism as literally as possible.

A) Overproduction by the parathyroid glands
B) Overproduction by the thyroid glands
C) Underproduction by the parathyroid glands
D) Underproduction by the thyroid glands

Question 61

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the medical term exophthalmos?

A) It breaks into ex (out) + ophthalmos (eye).
B) It is a condition related to the thyroid.
C) It is a condition where the pituitary gland causes excess secretions behind the eye, causing them to protrude out of the socket.
D) It refers to the protrusion of the eyes out of the eye socket.
E) None of these are true statements.

Question 62

A metabolic disease characterized by excessive urination and hyperglycemia is known as:

A) congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
B) diabetic ketoacidosis.
C) diabetes mellitus.
D) dysmetabolic syndrome.
E) insulinoma.

Question 63

Translate the medical term insulinoma.

A) Hormone that stimulates the formation of insulin
B) Insulin condition
C) Insulin production (formation of insulin)
D) Overproduction of insulin
E) Tumor that secretes insulin

Question 64

Pituitary dwarfism and pituitary gigantism are both caused by improper secretions from the pituitary gland and primarily affect a person's:

A) blood sugar levels.
B) creation of ketone bodies.
C) development of sex organs.
D) weight.
E) height.

Question 65

What do the terms hypomagnesemia and hyperphosphatemia have in common?

A) They are both conditions caused by a lack or deficiency of a certain mineral in the blood.
B) They are both conditions caused by an excess of a certain mineral in the blood.
C) They both refer to the amount (either deficient or excessive) of a certain mineral in the blood.
D) They both refer to the amount (either deficient or excessive) of a certain mineral in the urine.
E) These terms have nothing in common.

Question 66

Which of the following is the best simplification (or easier to understand) of the endocrine system?

A) Cause (nutrient levels in the blood, excess hormones) and effect (the organs affected: hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, and gonads)
B) Receptors (basic organs like the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, and gonads), the information received (hormones), and the result (what is secreted by the organ once the information is received)
C) Signal senders (endocrine glands: hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, and gonads), the signals (hormones), and the signal's outcomes (adjusting levels of nutrients in the blood, assisting the body to respond to its environment, and directing growth and development)
D) None of these are accurate descriptions of the endocrine system

Question 67

A ketogenic diet is a diet that:

A) aids in the production of ketones in the body, and is therefore a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet to force the body to burn fat instead of sugar.
B) aids in the production of ketones in the body, and is therefore a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet to force the body to burn sugar instead of fat.
C) prevents the body from producing too many ketones, and is therefore a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet to force the body to burn fat instead of sugar.
D) prevents the body from producing too many ketones, and is therefore a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet to force the body to burn sugar instead of fat.

Question 68

The combination of medical disorders associated with faulty metabolism is known as:

A) congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
B) diabetes mellitus.
C) dysmetabolic syndrome.
D) ketosis.
E) polyadenopathy.

Question 69

The hormone that is secreted by the pituitary gland and stimulates the cortex of the adrenal gland is called:

A) ACTH.
B) adrenocorticotropic hormone.
C) corticotropin.
D) all of these.
E) none of these.

Question 70

Translate the medical term adenopathy as literally as possible.

A) "Adrenal cortex cancer tumor," cancerous tumor originating in the cortex of the adrenal gland
B) "Adrenal gland tumor," tumor of the adrenal gland
C) "Gland cancer tumor," cancerous tumor of a gland
D) "Gland disease"
E) "Gland tumor," tumor of a gland

Question 71

A male who is developing breast tissue is experiencing:

A) acromegaly.
B) adrenarche.
C) hypergonadism.
D) gynecomastia.
E) menarche.

Question 72

Translate the medical term thyroidotoxin as literally as possible.

A) "Thyroid death," a substance that kills the thyroid
B) "Thyroid degeneration," the slow degeneration of the thyroid gland
C) "Thyroid hormone formation," a substance that stimulates the thyroid to produce hormones
D) "Thyroid poison," a substance poisonous to the thyroid gland
E) "Thyroid stimulating hormone," a hormone that stimulates the thyroid

Question 73

A laparoscopic adrenalectomy is:

A) a procedure to look at the adrenal gland.
B) an incision into a gland by means of a laparoscope.
C) an incision into an adrenal gland by means of a laparoscope.
D) the removal of a gland by means of a laparoscope.
E) the removal of an adrenal gland by means of a laparoscope.

Question 74

A pituitary infarction is:

A) a tumor on the pituitary gland.
B) the absence of the pituitary gland.
C) the death of the pituitary gland.
D) the malfunctioning of the pituitary gland.
E) the removal of the pituitary gland.

Question 75

The glycemic index is:

A) a ranking of food based on the way it affects sugar levels in the blood.
B) a way to control the production of glucose in the body.
C) the breakdown of sugar by the body.
D) the way the body breaks down matter into energy.
E) none of these.

Question 76

Which of the following roots does NOT refer to a gland of the endocrine system?

A) adren/o
B) gonad/o
C) ket/o
D) pancreat/o
E) thyroid/o

Question 77

Which of the following pairs are NOT opposite conditions?

A) Acidemia, alkalemia
B) Calciuria, hypercalcemia
C) Endocrine, exocrine
D) Ketogenesis, ketolysis
E) Pituitary gigantism, pituitary dwarfism

Question 78

Adrenaline and epinephrine are both:

A) hormones secreted by the adrenal gland.
B) hormones secreted by the pancreas.
C) hormones secreted by the pituitary gland.
D) hormones secreted by the thymus.
E) hormones secreted by the thyroid.

Question 79

A genetic disease in which the adrenal gland is overdeveloped, resulting in a deficiency of certain hormones and an overproduction of others, is called:

A) adrenal adenoma.
B) adrenal insufficiency.
C) adrenocorticohyperplasia.
D) congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
E) panhyperpituitarism.

Question 80

Translate the medical term pancreatolithectomy as literally as possible.

A) Incision into a stone in the pancreas
B) Incision into the pancreas
C) Removal of a stone in the pancreas
D) Removal of the pancreas
E) Stone in the pancreas