Deck 4: Perceptual Learning and Memory

Question 1

The ability to discriminate stimuli at a finer grain than is supported by the acuity of individual receptors is called ________.

A) supracuity
B) sensitive acuity
C) fine acuity
D) hyperacuity

Answer 1

D

Question 2

When participants were able to sleep following perceptual learning, they had ______ retention of what was learned than those who were kept awake.

A) much worse
B) much better
C) extremely worse
D) similar

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Pigeons can be trained to discriminate between human and non-human objects.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Typically, perceptual learning does not occur in which modality?

A) visual
B) auditory
C) kinesthetic
D) It occurs across all modalities.

Question 5

An individual with damage to the occipital lobe often has impaired perceptual priming but intact conceptual priming.

Question 6

Perceptual skill learning is the memory for a specific stimulus.

Question 7

The ability to sex a chicken is a complex task and still takes years of training to master.

Question 8

_____________ occurs when we are able to identify stimuli that vary along a continuum as a meaningful category.

A) Stimulus detection
B) Stimulus perception
C) Categorical perception
D) Categorical detection

Question 9

Perceptual learning and memory is a type of ___________ memory.

A) behavior
B) cognitive
C) associative
D) nonassociative

Question 10

Categorical perception of phonemes is very important to identify words across different speakers and accents.

Question 11

Studies have shown that people with deficits related to a sensory cortex development disorder might respond well to _____________.

A) specific perceptual skill training
B) generalized sensory training
C) cortical stimulation
D) improved sleep

Question 12

Researchers found that compared to the novice, professional wine tasters could _________.

A) discriminate between all household odors
B) discriminate between some household odors
C) not discriminate between wines
D) discriminate between most wines

Question 13

Research shows that people can strongly categorize ___________ faces and do not categorize ________ faces.

A) highly unfamiliar; highly familiar
B) highly familiar; highly unfamiliar
C) unique; plain
D) plain; unique

Question 14

In perceptual skill learning it is better if the person remembers the trained stimulus or the parameters of learning a skill.

Question 15

Brain scans during an experiment where participants had to judge the tilt of a set of parallel lines compared to a 45-degree orientation showed high activity in the visual cortex.

Question 16

Which of the following is not a main property of perceptual skill learning?

A) The role of attention.
B) The speed at which learning occurs.
C) The role of sleep.
D) The role of diet.

Question 17

Typically, perceptual learning is nonassociative.

Question 18

The word stem completion task is an example of a repetition priming.

Question 19

An amnesic generally has impaired cued recall as well as stem completion.

Question 20

Which of the following skills does perceptual learning NOT involve?

A) detection
B) discrimination
C) quick decisions
D) categorization

Question 21

Key studies that found priming outside of system that drives cognitive memory have been done successfully on _______.

A) children
B) rats
C) non-human primates
D) amnesics

Question 22

The patient H.M. did well at identifying the segmented pictures but he could not __________.

A) point to the pictures
B) remember what the picture of the object was used for
C) remember seeing the pictures
D) order them according to when he viewed them

Question 23

In a seminal study, Tulving (1982) found that recognition memory was best on the ______ but decreased on the _____ test.

A) one-day; three-day
B) one-day; seven-day
C) three-day; seven-day
D) three-day; ten-day

Question 24

During a memory task, if you were to pay close attention to a particular stimulus feature the process is called _________.

A) attentional weighting
B) feature imprinting
C) differentiation
D) unitization

Question 25

Hock and his colleagues (1984) found that success in classifying large dot patterns could not be explained by __________.

A) the success of learning smaller patterns
B) long-term memory
C) familiarity of the pattern
D) learning motivation

Question 26

Human evidence of unconscious perceptual skill learning comes from studying __________.

A) chess experts
B) skilled mechanics
C) sleeping individuals
D) amnesics

Question 27

Cohen and Squire (1980) had participants learn to read _______.

A) several lists of words
B) familiar words and novel words
C) words presented in mirror image format
D) a story with familiar and novel words

Question 28

As part of a study, Steve was asked to rapidly judge if a string of letters flashed on a screen was a legitimate word. This technique is called a __________.

A) repetition priming
B) fragmentation
C) lexical decision
D) word completion task

Question 29

During a study, participants were presented with a series of five-letter words followed by a reexposure to fragments of the words. This experimenter was using ___________ to test perceptual memory.

A) repetition priming
B) fragmentation
C) illicit exposure
D) repetitive exposure

Question 30

The ________ depends heavily on cognitive memory, while the ______ assesses priming.

A) free recall; stem completion
B) stem completion; free recall
C) free recall; cued recall
D) cued recall; free recall

Question 31

When we are able to distinguish an object according to its relevant features it is called _____________.

A) unitization
B) differentiation
C) attentional weighting
D) imprinting

Question 32

Findings from Cohen and Squire's (1984) key study supported the idea that _______.

A) learning a skill and memory for words are similar tasks
B) the mental representation of an acquired skill is different from that of learning words
C) forgetting of novel stimuli occurs rapidly
D) forgetting of familiar stimuli occurs rapidly

Question 33

In a series of experiments, it was found that participants had better priming for a set of words when they were:

A) presented alone.
B) read out loud within a sentence.
C) read out loud with no conscious processing.
D) read to themselves within a sentence.

Question 34

When participants are asked to recollect the words they just studied it is called a _______.

A) cued recall
B) stem completion task
C) free recall
D) stem recall task

Question 35

Perceptual memories are specific to __________.

A) a person's skill level
B) a general type of stimulus
C) a particular stimulus
D) both skill level and type of stimulus

Question 36

Generally, participants with amnesia do ________ on a cued recall than on a free recall.

A) worse
B) better
C) equally well
D) equally poor

Question 37

The results of Tulving's 1982 study showed that _______.

A) recognition and priming used similar mechanisms
B) recognition was better than priming over time
C) recognition and priming occurred independently of one another
D) priming was better at the beginning but then declined after some time

Question 38

Déjà vu could be explained by perceptual memory as being a:

A) memory that you had about a new place.
B) memory of a future event that you have during the present time.
C) match between what you thought the event would be like and what it was really like.
D) match between current events and a similar previous experience.

Question 39

If a participant is looking at a picture of a common object drawn in a segmented line he is most likely looking at the _______.

A) Gollins partial pictures task
B) Wisconsin card sorting task
C) Binet standard pictures test
D) thematic apperception test

Question 40

In a series of experiments, it was found that participants had a better cognitive memory for a set of words when they were:

A) alone.
B) generated by the participant.
C) embedded within a sentence.
D) read aloud.

Question 41

What are the four main properties of perceptual skill learning. Describe each property as it relates to how well one learns a skill.

Question 42

Patients with Alzheimer's disease generally have intact _______ but impaired ______.

A) visual priming; auditory priming
B) categorical priming; conceptual priming
C) perceptual priming; conceptual priming
D) conceptual priming; perceptual priming

Question 43

When priming occurs of entire categories of words it is called ________ priming.

A) perceptual
B) conceptual
C) categorical
D) complex

Question 44

On a Stroop test, amnestics performed _____ controls at learning color-word associations.

A) better than
B) much worse than
C) slightly worse than
D) equally well as

Question 45

In the Graf et. al. (1984) study, normal participants did better in _____ than in ______.

A) cued recall; free recall
B) free recall; cued recall
C) priming; cued recall
D) cued recall; priming

Question 46

Explain how perceptual skill training has been used to offset deficits in those with perceptual disorders.

Question 47

One form of _______ occurs when single exposure to a combination of information aids in the processing speed of an item.

A) associative priming
B) stem completion
C) cued recall
D) free recall

Question 48

Describe the four main mechanisms involved in perceptual skill learning.

Question 49

Discuss the findings for the research question, "Are faces perceived categorically?"

Question 50

Discuss the neurobiological basis of perceptual skill learning. Provide the research evidence that supports your answer.