Deck 10: Semantic Memory

Question 1

In the ________ model, concepts are represented as patterns of activation across interconnected units.

A) exemplar
B) prototype
C) network
D) hierarchical

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Experts tend to process objects holistically as members of their categories.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

An exemplar refers to those items in the superordinant level only.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Agnosia is an inability to recognize novel objects.

Question 5

The organization by the __________ allows for fuzzy boundaries.

A) exemplar
B) hierarchical
C) prototype
D) network

Question 6

The _________ theory is an alternative to categorization based on conceptual schemes.

A) exemplar
B) prototype
C) hierarchical
D) network

Question 7

The fusiform face area (FFA) is located in the ventral temporal cortex.

Question 8

Many researchers believe that semantic memory synthesizes information from episodic memories.

Question 9

Collins and Quillian predicted that the amount of time it takes to answer a question about a concept should be related to _________.

A) the levels of processing within the network
B) the familiarity of the concept
C) the properties of the concept
D) the number of steps taken in the hierarchy to find the answer

Question 10

Farah and McClelland (1991) created a semantic memory model of three modules. Which of the following is not one of modules of this semantic memory model?

A) semantic inputs
B) verbal inputs
C) visual inputs
D) semantic representations

Question 11

Research findings indicate that memory for grammatical structure is separate from memory for the specific examples of those grammatical rules.

Question 12

A specific spatial reference system that works independently of the viewer is called ________.

A) egocentric
B) survey
C) environmental
D) unbiased

Question 13

On the top of a concept hierarchy are _________ features that define a category.

A) specific
B) general
C) abstract
D) concrete

Question 14

Before traveling to a new place you go to Mapquest and get the directions from your town to the new town. This is an example of _______ knowledge.

A) survey
B) route
C) episodic
D) egocentric

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of a complex category?

A) shapes
B) chairs
C) animals
D) blocks

Question 16

Spatial memories are not hierarchically organized.

Question 17

Rats with hippocampal damage do not interleave distinct experiences so they can form semantic networks.

Question 18

Spatial knowledge is easy to represent in words or verbal concepts.

Question 19

When British citizens were given a piece of paper with a vertical line drawn on it, those citizens who lived in the south tended to _______________.

A) have better spatial representations of Scotland
B) include specific details about Britain's geography
C) exaggerate northern Britain relative to surrounding countries
D) exaggerate the details and direction of England

Question 20

It should take longer to verify that "a dog is a mammal" than "a dog is an animal."

Question 21

A ___________ is a network of associations that coordinate memories stored in the cerebral cortex.

A) relational network
B) module network
C) semantic network
D) flexible network

Question 22

Although amnesic individuals have trouble being able to recall specific stimuli, they were able to ___________.

A) categorize cartoon characters
B) recognize the grammatical rules
C) recall the items being categorized
D) recall whether or not an object fit into a category

Question 23

The amnesic man by the name of H.M. was able to __________.

A) recall famous personalities when prompted without error
B) recall a digit span of 15
C) draw the features of his old house although he had no memory of it
D) draw the floor plan for a house he lived in years prior to testing

Question 24

During a card game, amnesics and non-amnesics had to communicate about ordering 12 cards each person held in their hand. The amnesics excelled at _________.

A) remembering the symbols in a later task
B) creating names for the symbols to be communicated
C) guessing the cards in the other person's hand
D) arranging the cards in a designated order based on set rules

Question 25

Jack has severe damage exclusively to the left anterior inferior temporal cortex. You would expect Jack to have problems with what specific task?

A) naming people
B) naming tools
C) naming animals
D) naming vehicles

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT an ability that individuals diagnosed with proposagnosia tend to have?

A) recognition of close family members
B) normal intelligence
C) good recognition for a number of objects and line drawings
D) normal recognition for key facial features

Question 27

The extrastriate body area is more active when an individual views photographs of _________.

A) inanimate objects
B) novel objects
C) faces and body parts
D) animals

Question 28

Research suggests that the hippocampus links semantic memories together allowing us to use memories in novel ways, suggesting a more _______ memory expression.

A) rigid
B) unpredictable
C) predictable
D) flexible

Question 29

During episodic memory, the hippocampus works to _________.

A) combine episodic memories together into more complex memories
B) encode episodic memories into networks for generalization
C) construct networks to coordinate memories from simple to complex
D) discriminate between complex and simple memories

Question 30

The information shared during conversation is often referred to as _______.

A) common ground
B) conversational rules
C) ground rules
D) shared communication

Question 31

Brain imaging photographs indicated that the right lateral occipital cortex was more active during a task. It is likely that the person was viewing ______.

A) novel objects
B) faces or body parts
C) animals
D) inanimate objects

Question 32

One of the patients in the clinic where you work cannot name the objects they are presented with but they can describe it and can tell you what you do with each object. This is an example of _______.

A) proposagnosia
B) pure anomia
C) aphasia
D) agnosia

Question 33

The ________ tends to get activated when a person looks at houses or environmental scenes but not when presented with faces or common objects.

A) fusiform face area
B) extrastriate body area
C) fusiform place area
D) parahippocampal place area

Question 34

Glisky and colleagues used the technique ______ to teach amnesics several computer terms to be retained for several weeks.

A) cued learning
B) cued recall
C) vanishing cues
D) vanishing errors

Question 35

Knowlton and colleagues found that __________ knowledge can be acquired by amnesic individuals with hippocampus damage.

A) tactile
B) grammatical
C) logical
D) rational

Question 36

If individuals diagnosed with proposagnosia were presented with normal and upside-down faces their performance would be ____________.

A) equally impaired on all faces
B) impaired on the normally presented faces and better on the upside-down faces
C) relatively normal on all faces
D) impaired on the upside-down faces but better on the normal faces

Question 37

When participants were asked to view "greebles," brain imaging indicated activation in the _________.

A) left hippocampus
B) areas previously shown to be specialized for faces
C) right tip of the temporal cortex
D) left tip of the temporal cortex

Question 38

Studies suggest that individuals with either retrograde or anterograde amnesia with selective hippocampal damage ___________.

A) have trouble with recall but not recognition
B) can be trained to combine simple episodic memories
C) have a very limited capacity for semantic memories
D) can acquire semantic memories

Question 39

The individuals who had cortical damage following prolonged infections had trouble understanding words and concepts specifically related to _________.

A) emotions
B) inanimate objects
C) animate objects
D) spatial directions

Question 40

Successful learning of semantic knowledge by amnesic people has come from a technique called _________.

A) errorfree memory
B) errorless learning
C) task completion
D) sentence completion

Question 41

Describe the two reference systems from which one could gain survey knowledge of one's environment.

Question 42

Describe the findings from the Damasio and colleagues (1996) study on individuals with aphasia, which supported the idea that different cortical areas mediate distinct categories of verbal knowledge.

Question 43

Unlike normal individuals, E.P. could not remember the sentence if the target word was ________.

A) presented rapidly
B) replaced with a synonym
C) followed by conflicting information
D) written in bold print

Question 44

Describe Farah and McClelland's (1991) model of semantic memory.

Question 45

The cortex processes information differently from the hippocampus in that it _________.

A) slowly processes individual experiences
B) rapidly separates out memories thus preventing interferences
C) gradually extracts commonalities of many experiences
D) rapidly extracts commonalities of many experiences

Question 46

Indicate the three specific cortical brain areas and their distinct roles in category-specific processing.

Question 47

E.P. was trained to remember factual information by learning ________.

A) to discriminate between the different sentences
B) how to build on memories one at a time
C) how to inhibit his semantic inhibition process
D) novel three-word sentences

Question 48

Explain how Reed and colleagues (1999) tested amnesics and found that they were able to learn general rules for categorization.

Question 49

The role of the hippocampus in learning declarative knowledge is to _________.

A) rapidly learn about individual experiences and then separate them
B) gradually extract commonalities of many experiences
C) gradually extract the novel experiences from the well-learned material
D) rapidly separate new memories from old memories and categorize them

Question 50

Results of a transitive inference paradigm suggest that the hippocampus plays a role in _______.

A) connecting past memories with novel items
B) interpreting subtle memories for unique events
C) linking related memories according to their common features
D) linking unrelated items that share a common ground