Deck 11: Managing Change and Innovation

Question 1

An ambidextrous approach means incorporating structures and processes that are appropriate for both the creative impulse and for the systematic implementation of innovations.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The innovation strategy for changing products and technologies that involves designing the organization to encourage creativity and the initiation of new ideas is known as cooperation.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

If organizations don't successfully change and innovate,they die.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Confrontation,authoritarianism and disciplined exploration are characteristics of the creative individuals.

Question 5

A person who sees the need for and champions productive change within the organization is called an idea champion.

Question 6

A unit that is separate from the mainstream of the organization and is responsible for developing and initiating innovations is called a new-venture team.

Question 7

Research shows that managers in creative companies avoid risk and experimentation.

Question 8

An idea incubator is in-house program that provides a safe harbour where ideas from employees throughout the organization can be developed without interference from company bureaucracy or politics.

Question 9

Exploration is the aspect of product and technology innovation that involves creating mechanisms to make sure new ideas are carried forward,accepted and implemented.

Question 10

Creativity is the generation of novel ideas that may meet perceived needs or respond to opportunities for the organization.

Question 11

Organizational change refers to the adoption of a new idea or behaviour by an organization.

Question 12

Skunkworks are a separate small,informal,highly autonomous and often secretive group that focuses on breakthrough ideas for the business.

Question 13

A product change is a change in the organization's product or service outputs.

Question 14

The innovation strategy for changing products and technologies that involves creating conditions and systems to facilitate internal and external coordination and knowledge sharing is known as exploration.

Question 15

Productive innovation refers to innovations in products,services or processes that radically change an industry's rules of the game for producers and consumers.

Question 16

Technology change involves the hierarchy of authority,goals,administrative procedures and managerial systems.

Question 17

An approach to innovation that emphasizes shared development of innovations among several departments is referred to as the horizontal linkage model.

Question 18

The horizontal linkage model is increasingly important in high pressure business environments that require rapidly developing and commercializing products and services.

Question 19

Centralization and short time horizon are primarily used by creative organizations.

Question 20

The acceptance of mistakes,the freedom to discuss ideas and the assignment of nonspecialists to problems are characteristics of creative organizations or departments.

Question 21

Two specific tools that can smooth the change process include organizational development and programmes for training and development.

Question 22

After the need for change has been perceived,the next part of the change process is implementing change.

Question 23

Change,according to Kurt Lewin,is a result of the competition between forced and unforced fields.

Question 24

Large cost savings from reduced inventories and labour savings by needing fewer workers to handle inventory can be driving forces associated with the implementation of just-in-time inventory control systems.

Question 25

People change starts with training everyone in the organization.

Question 26

The three distinct steps for achieving behavioural and attitudinal change with organizational development are planning,changing and stabilizing.

Question 27

Survey feedback enhances the cohesiveness and success of organizational groups and teams.

Question 28

Culture change pertains to the whole organization.

Question 29

In the unfreezing step,participants must be made aware of problems and be willing to change.

Question 30

Refreezing is the reinforcement stage of organization development in which individuals acquire a desired new skill or attitude and are rewarded for it by the organization.

Question 31

Culture change refers to a major shift in the norms,values,attitudes and mindset of the entire organization.

Question 32

Lack of understanding or trust are the most common reasons for resistance to change.

Question 33

A change agent is an OD specialist who contracts with an organization to facilitate change.

Question 34

Three of the most popular and effective OD activities are team building,survey feedback and large-group interventions.

Question 35

Mergers/acquisitions,organizational decline and conflict management are the three types of current problems that organizational development managers face.

Question 36

Training is one of the most frequently used approaches to changing people's mindsets.

Question 37

Reasons employees resist change include self-interest,lack of understanding and trust,uncertainty and different assessments and goals.

Question 38

Managers and employees that are most involved in an innovation or potential change are often those that seem to prefer the status quo.

Question 39

The idea in the large group intervention is to get a sample of people who may have an interest in the organization,gather perspectives from the selected parts of the system and allow the sample to create a collective future.

Question 40

Organizational development involves the application of behavioural science techniques to improve an organization's effectiveness and success.

Question 41

Successful change requires that organizations become capable of both creating and implementing ideas,which means the organization must learn to become _____.

A) cordial
B) rightsized
C) ambidextrous
D) compliant
E) intra-focused

Question 42

The communication and education approach for overcoming resistance to change should be used when the change is technical and the users need accurate information and analysis to understand change.

Question 43

All of the following are aspects of critical innovation strategies for changing products and technologies EXCEPT _____.

A) exploration
B) cooperation
C) innovation roles
D) risk propensity
E) all of the first three are critical innovation strategies

Question 44

All of the following are characteristics of creative individuals EXCEPT _____.

A) originality
B) playfulness
C) curiosity
D) dependence
E) open-mindedness

Question 45

A _____change related to the organizations values affects whom or what.

A) new products
B) technology
C) structural
D) culture/people
E) competitors

Question 46

A _____ change to an organization's business model without changes to its product or service outputs is what type of change.

A) Technology
B) Product
C) Entrepreneurship
D) Creative
E) Incremental

Question 47

Which of the following is a change in the manner in which an organization does its E business.

A) Technology
B) Product
C) Entrepreneurship
D) Creativity
E) Incremental

Question 48

The generation of novel ideas that may meet perceived needs,or respond to opportunities,for an organization is called _____.

A) a search initiative
B) creativity
C) ideas championing
D) a great idea
E) strategic analysis

Question 49

_____ refers to innovations in products,services or processes that radically change an industry's rules of the game for producers and consumers.

A) Restructuring innovation
B) Trickle up innovation
C) Productive innovation
D) Disruptive innovation
E) Reverse innovation

Question 50

The strategy for changing products and technologies that involves redesigning the organization to encourage more creativity and the initiation of new ideas is known as _____.

A) exploration
B) cooperation
C) entrepreneurship
D) idea incubator
E) horizontal linkage

Question 51

When a change involves multiple departments,top management support is especially important.

Question 52

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of most creative individuals

A) Conceptual fluency
B) Undisciplined exploration
C) Persistence with a focused approach
D) Authorization for his or her activity and dependency
E) All of these are characteristic of a creative individual

Question 53

For the compact disc industry,the advent of MP3 technology can best be described as what type of innovation?

A) Disruptive
B) Service
C) Productive
D) Restructuring
E) Reverse

Question 54

Creative organizations :

A) are characterized by an unusually high number of routine jobs.
B) are loosely structured.
C) deal with ambiguity.
D) have too many layers of management.
E) tend use a centralized decision making approach.

Question 55

An example of an organizational development would be:

A) the switch to a new production method.
B) the decision to offer a new product line.
C) the introductions of a new pay for performance system.
D) all of these.
E) the switch to a new production method or the decision to offer a new product line.

Question 56

Which of the following refers to the generation of novel solutions to perceived or unforeseen issues or problems?

A) Problem solving
B) Organizational development
C) Creativity
D) Brainstorming
E) Perceived solution

Question 57

Which of the following provides a safe harbour where ideas from employees throughout the company can be developed without undue interference from company bureaucracy or politics?

A) An idea champion
B) A sponsor
C) A new-venture team
D) An idea incubator
E) An inventor

Question 58

The adoption of bold new ideas and or behaviours by an organization is known as organizational _____.

A) radical change.
B) development.
C) structure.
D) intervention.
E) responsibility.

Question 59

The disparity between existing and desired performance levels is the need for change.

Question 60

Two possible tactics for overcoming resistance to change are coercion and negotiation.

Question 61

The innovation strategy for changing products and technologies that involves managers putting in place processes and structures to ensure that new ideas are carried forward for acceptance and implementation is known as _____.

A) exploration
B) cooperation
C) innovation roles
D) idea incubator
E) horizontal linkage

Question 62

Which variation of new venture teams is described as a small separate,informal,highly autonomous,and often selective group that focuses on breakthrough ideas for the business?

A) An idea champion
B) A sponsor
C) A new-venture team
D) A skunkwork
E) An inventor

Question 63

The horizontal linkage model is best applied to a/an:

A) low pressure environment.
B) stable environment.
C) environment that requires speed to market.
D) customer service environment.
E) manufacturing environment.

Question 64

A fund providing resources from which individuals and groups draw to develop new ideas,products or businesses is referred to as a _____.

A) personal fund
B) development fund
C) new-venture fund
D) change fund
E) mutual fund

Question 65

Which of the following is a person who sees the need for and fights for productive change in an organization?

A) A creative individual
B) A catalyst
C) An ideas champion
D) A sponsor
E) A critic

Question 66

There are many organizational development activities,effective in solving many different problems._____enhances the level cohesiveness and success of organizational groups.

A) Team building with reinforcement
B) Survey feedback
C) Intergroup activities
D) Process-Consultation activities
E) Symbolic management

Question 67

Shared development of innovations among several internal departments is emphasized by the _____ approach to innovation

A) vertical
B) horizontal linkage model
C) top down
D) bottom-up
E) diagonal

Question 68

The _____ is a unit separate from the rest of the organization responsible for the development of a major innovation.

A) new product group
B) matrix group
C) new-venture team
D) vertical group
E) change team

Question 69

_____ refers to a change in the attitudes and behaviors of employees in the organization.

A) Organization change
B) Organization development
C) People change
D) Culture change
E) Artifact change

Question 70

All of the following are characteristics of creative organizations EXCEPT_____.

A) the use of teams
B) having risk taking norms
C) HQ centralization of control
D) a long term horizon.
E) having loose controls

Question 71

Which of the following describes a person who is passionately committed to a new product of idea despite rejection by others?

A) An ideas champion
B) A sponsor
C) A new-venture team player
D) A skunkworks
E) An investor

Question 72

Organizational development can help managers address problems arising mostly from merger/acquisitions,conflict management,and _____ .

A) cultural changes
B) force field analysis
C) organizational productivity
D) organizational decline/revitalization
E) none of these

Question 73

The role of the _____ is to prevent people in other innovation roles from adopting a weak idea.

A) critic
B) inventor
C) sponsor
D) ombudsman
E) obstructionist

Question 74

If there is a great deal of interpersonal disagreement among employees what organizational tool would work best,in this circumstance,to manage conflict

A) Organizational development
B) Skunkworking
C) Telecommuting
D) Downsizing
E) Small-group innovation

Question 75

Which of the following refers to a major shift in the norms,values,attitudes and mindset of the entire organization

A) Organization change
B) Organization development
C) People change
D) Culture change
E) Artifact change

Question 76

The innovation strategy for changing products and technologies that involves creating conditions and systems to best facilitate internal and external coordination and knowledge sharing is known as _____.

A) exploration
B) cooperation
C) entrepreneurship
D) idea incubator
E) horizontal linkage

Question 77

Which of the following is defined by Daft et al as the application of behavioural science knowledge to improve an organization's health and effectiveness through its ability to cope with environmental changes,improve internal relationships and increase problem-solving capabilities?

A) Conflict management
B) Organizational revitalization
C) Organizational development
D) Organizational linkage
E) Horizontal linkage

Question 78

Which of the following means extending the search for and commercializing of new ideas beyond the boundaries of the organization and even beyond the boundaries of the industry?

A) An idea champion
B) Open innovation
C) A new-venture team
D) An idea incubator
E) An inventor

Question 79

Innovation requires a level of coordination that occurs with the _____ .

A) top-down approach
B) bottom-up approach
C) horizontal linkage model
D) time-based approach
E) vertical approach

Question 80

Which of the following is (are)important role(s)to be played during the process of organizational change?

A) The idea champion
B) The critic
C) The sponsor
D) Inventor
E) All of these