Deck 6: Body Composition

Question 1

A BMI of 17.5 or less is sometimes used as a diagnostic criterion for

A) obesity.
B) bulimia.
C) pre-diabetes.
D) anorexia nervosa.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the World Health Organization (WHO), a BMI of about ________ is considered normal and healthy.

A) 15.1 to 19.9
B) 18.5 to 24.9
C) 25.9 to 29.1
D) 29.5 to 35.4

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The number of fat cells a person has is determined by

A) lifestyle.
B) age.
C) gender.
D) genetics.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Why do women have a higher proportion of essential fat than men?

A) Women have essential fat deposited in gender-specific sites.
B) Women have lower metabolic rates.
C) Women have less muscle tissue.
D) Women tend to expend less energy in physical activity.

Question 5

A person with a BMI of 25 or above is classified as

A) underweight.
B) normal weight.
C) overweight.
D) obese.

Question 6

The "pear shape" (fat stored in the hips, thighs, and buttocks) is typical of

A) older (postmenopausal) women.
B) older men.
C) younger (premenopausal) women.
D) younger men.

Question 7

Which statement is true?

A) Body fat is easier to measure than body weight is.
B) Body weight, rather than body fat, is the more accurate measure of body composition.
C) Body fat is a more accurate measure of body composition than body weight is.
D) Body weight measurements differentiate between overweight and overfat.

Question 8

Which statement is true about the location of fat in the body?

A) Intra-abdominal fat is located under the skin, and adipose fat is located around major organs.
B) Subcutaneous fat is located under the skin, and visceral fat is located around major organs.
C) Intra-abdominal fat is located around major organs, and adipose fat is located under the skin.
D) Subcutaneous fat is located around major organs, and visceral fat is located under the skin.

Question 9

People who gain weight in the ________ are at greater risk for high blood pressure, diabetes, early-onset heart disease, stroke, certain cancers, and mortality.

A) thighs
B) hips
C) abdomen
D) buttocks

Question 10

What is one possible explanation for the increase in obesity among Americans over the past 40 years?

A) fewer meals eaten outside the home
B) less time spent in sedentary work
C) lower consumption of fast food
D) increased portion sizes

Question 11

According to experts, a percentage of body fat below the range of ________ is considered unhealthy.

A) 1% to 3% for men and 3% to 5% for women
B) 3% to 5% for men and 8% to 12% for women
C) 8% to 12% for men and 15% to 20% for women
D) 15% to 20% for men and 20% to 25% for women

Question 12

What is a symptom of metabolic syndrome?

A) low blood pressure
B) resistance to the effects of insulin
C) low blood glucose levels
D) subnormal blood fat levels

Question 13

The percentage of Americans classified as obese is nearly ________ percent.

A) 20
B) 30
C) 40
D) 50

Question 14

Women with too little body fat may experience amenorrhea, defined as ________ menstruation.

A) frequent
B) excessive
C) a complete end to
D) absent or infrequent

Question 15

A disease often associated with excess body weight is

A) pneumonia.
B) hypertension.
C) diabetes.
D) influenza.

Question 16

In the past, people relied on height-weight tables that were based on insurance company mortality statistics, but these were inaccurate because

A) muscle weighs more than fat.
B) fat weighs more than muscle.
C) fit people tend to weigh less than people who are not fit.
D) a person who is not fit may have a higher bone density than a person who is fit.

Question 17

Which technique for evaluating health risks associated with body weight is based on the concept that a person's weight should be proportional to his or her height-thus yielding sometimes inaccurate results?

A) underwater weighing
B) body mass index
C) skinfold measurement
D) bioelectrical impedance analysis

Question 18

People are considered obese if their BMI is ________ or above.

A) 25
B) 30
C) 35
D) 40

Question 19

Over the past half-century, the popular image of the "ideal" body has changed from

A) slightly plump to unhealthily thin.
B) healthily thin to unhealthily thin.
C) unhealthily thin to slightly plump.
D) slightly plump to healthily thin.

Question 20

The condition called the "female athlete triad" includes abnormal eating patterns,

A) premature osteoporosis, and amenorrhea.
B) insulin sensitivity, and amenorrhea.
C) premature osteoporosis, and dysmenorrhea.
D) insulin sensitivity, and dysmenorrhea.

Question 21

The Bod Pod, a small chamber that contains computerized sensors, uses ________ to measure body composition.

A) air density
B) water density
C) air displacement
D) water displacement

Question 22

To prevent errors in bioelectrical impedance analysis, it is best to avoid ________ prior to measurement.

A) eating
B) excessive exercise
C) recalibrating the device
D) overhydration or underhydration

Question 23

If you lose a great deal of body weight, you will most likely

A) lose both body fat and some muscle weight.
B) gain both body fat and some muscle weight.
C) lose body fat and gain significant muscle weight.
D) gain body fat but lose significant muscle weight.

Question 24

One significant method for assessing body fat distribution is measurement of ________ circumference.

A) thigh
B) waist
C) neck
D) chest

Question 25

Diabetes interferes with the processing of insulin in the pancreas, causing a buildup of glucose in the bloodstream.

Question 26

Most of the fat in the body is stored in fat cells called adipose tissue.

Question 27

If your body composition is close to the recommended range, you should probably set a(n) ________ goal.

A) lifestyle rather than a body fat or BMI
B) body fat or BMI rather than a lifestyle
C) lifestyle rather than an exercise
D) exercise rather than a lifestyle

Question 28

BMI is only an indirect indicator of body fatness and therefore will not accurately classify all individuals because it fails to distinguish between

A) males and females.
B) organs and muscles.
C) elderly and youthful people.
D) fat weight and fat-free weight.

Question 29

Which statement is true?

A) You should establish an ideal body image before setting exercise goals.
B) You should set exercise goals before establishing an ideal body image.
C) You should set a target range for body weight before setting a body composition goal.
D) You should set a body composition goal before setting a target range for body weight.

Question 30

Through a combination of diet and exercise, the vast majority of Americans can achieve the "ideal body" presented by the media.

Question 31

If assessment tests indicate that you need to lose weight for your health, but you are otherwise healthy, your first step should be to

A) start exercising.
B) go on a diet.
C) set a goal.
D) see a doctor.

Question 32

Men have a higher percentage of essential fat than women.

Question 33

The "apple shape" (fat stored in the upper regions of the body, particularly the abdomen) is common among men and postmenopausal women.

Question 34

A BMI between 25 and 35 is considered healthy.

Question 35

Hydrostatic (underwater) weighing uses which statistic to predict the percentage of body fat?

A) body mass index
B) body density
C) fat weight
D) height and weight

Question 36

Although obesity is linked with a number of diseases, such as diabetes and even erectile dysfunction, there is little connection between obesity and cancer.

Question 37

A person's skinfold measurements often differ between the morning and the evening due to

A) relaxation of the muscles as the day progresses.
B) the intake of calories during the day.
C) changes in the amount of water in the body.
D) an increase in the amount of oxygen in the blood.

Question 38

The terms endomorph, mesomorph, and ectomorph are all ________, which describe basic body builds.

A) phenotypes
B) somatotypes
C) genotypes
D) metatypes

Question 39

Between 20% and 30% of Americans are overweight or obese.

Question 40

In order to lose weight and body fat, the best strategy is to focus on

A) body image ideals.
B) reduced food intake.
C) increased physical activity.
D) assessing your somatotype.

Question 41

Calipers are a tool used primarily in bioelectrical impedance analysis.

Question 42

Discuss muscle mass, age, sex, race/ethnicity, and height as factors influencing the relationship between BMI and actual percent body fat.

Question 43

Total body electrical conductivity (TOBEC) uses a magnetic field to measure lean body mass.

Question 44

People's ability to change their body composition is limited by heredity.

Question 45

People who are significantly overweight should seek the help of a physician in setting body composition goals.

Question 46

The higher the waist-to-hip ratio, the healthier an individual is.

Question 47

According to a study by the National Center for Health Statistics, overweight people had a higher death rate from all causes than did people of normal weight.

Question 48

Athletes, serious weight trainers, and people of short stature should use BMI as their primary means of assessing whether their weight is at healthy levels.

Question 49

Describe body composition, including the concepts of essential fat, overweight, and obesity.

Question 50

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is based on the fact that fat-free tissues are good conductors of electrical current, whereas fat is not.

Question 51

Because it necessarily involves complex equipment, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) must be done in a laboratory or other scientific facility.

Question 52

An obese person needs to lose a significant amount of weight before seeing any major health improvement.

Question 53

Describe the health effects of too much and too little body fat.

Question 54

Discuss the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Americans, and list at least three factors that have contributed to recent increases in their prevalence.

Question 55

In addition to being inexpensive and practical, skinfold measurements provide highly accurate measurements of body fat.

Question 56

In addition to checking your weight, a good way to track progress toward your target body composition is by focusing on how much energy you have and how your clothes fit.

Question 57

Body mass index is best used to measure changes in body composition over time.

Question 58

Body weight is generally not a useful method for tracking progress in a program to change body composition.

Question 59

Studies of people who have lost weight and kept it off show that physical activity was the key to their success.

Question 60

Define body mass index, and explain how it is calculated. List the NIH and WHO classifications and cutoffs for BMI.

Question 61

Discuss strategies for making successful and permanent changes in body composition.

Question 62

Describe the process of setting realistic goals for changing body composition, particularly for individuals who are overweight or obese.

Question 63

List and describe three techniques for estimating percent body fat.