Deck 1: Introduction to Wellness, Fitness, and Lifestyle Management

Question 1

Which characteristic specifically helps improve interpersonal wellness?

A) a network of caring people
B) a great degree of self-confidence
C) good physical health
D) an active, creative mind

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which is a characteristic of the U.S. government's Healthy People reports?

A) They fail to address physical activity and nutrition.
B) They are updated every two years.
C) They include only broad wellness-related goals.
D) They seek to achieve a better quality of life for Americans.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following is specifically associated with physical wellness?

A) eating well
B) self-confidence
C) compassion
D) a support network

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which best describes spiritual wellness?

A) participation in community work
B) prevention of injuries
C) an ability to share feelings with others
D) possession of a set of guiding beliefs that give meaning to life

Question 5

What was the approximate life expectancy in 1850?

A) 40 years
B) 50 years
C) 60 years
D) 70 years

Question 6

Which activity best describes emotional wellness?

A) taking time to explore your thoughts and feelings
B) getting regular medical checkups
C) being open to new ideas
D) finding principles by which to live your life

Question 7

Which of the following describes occupational wellness?

A) the ability to manage money
B) the level of fulfillment gained from one's work
C) the livability of one's surroundings
D) the quality of one's communication skills

Question 8

Which is an indication of financial wellness?

A) having many credit cards
B) controlling your use of credit cards
C) maintaining a high debt
D) investing instead of saving

Question 9

What are the three leading causes of death in the United States?

A) cancer, diabetes, and cirrhosis
B) hypertension, stroke, and heart disease
C) heart disease, cancer, and chronic lower respiratory diseases
D) diabetes, osteoporosis, and cirrhosis

Question 10

Which type of condition is defined as a disease that develops and continues over a long period?

A) chronic disease
B) infectious disease
C) terminal disease
D) subclinical disease

Question 11

Which dimension of wellness includes optimism, trust, and self-confidence?

A) physical wellness
B) emotional wellness
C) spiritual wellness
D) interpersonal wellness

Question 12

Which element does environmental wellness include?

A) trust
B) communication skills
C) meditation
D) waste reduction

Question 13

Which of the following is a main component of the Affordable Care Act (ACA)?

A) the requirement that people obtain health insurance or pay a penalty
B) the establishment of individual health promotion goals
C) the creation of nutritional guidelines
D) the founding of a federal agency to oversee health concerns

Question 14

What is one outcome of a healthy diet?

A) sufficient energy and nutrients
B) an increased risk of heart disease
C) insufficient nutrients
D) an increased risk of high blood pressure

Question 15

What was the most serious threat to a person's health in 1850?

A) coronary heart disease
B) cancer
C) infectious disease
D) stroke

Question 16

Which type of wellness involves the ability to live within your means and to manage your money?

A) interpersonal
B) financial
C) environmental
D) spiritual

Question 17

The ability to think critically is an example of ________ wellness.

A) emotional
B) intellectual
C) interpersonal
D) spiritual

Question 18

Which is one of the nine dimensions of wellness?

A) logical wellness
B) ecological wellness
C) dietary wellness
D) spiritual wellnesss

Question 19

How did the average life expectancy change between 1850 and 2015?

A) Life expectancy decreased by 10 years.
B) Life expectancy increased by 10 years.
C) Life expectancy nearly doubled in length.
D) Life expectancy nearly tripled in length.

Question 20

What is the leading cause of death for people between 15 and 24 years old living in the United States?

A) heart disease
B) suicide
C) accidents
D) cancer

Question 21

Which of the following most negatively affects college students' academic performance?

A) excessive computer use
B) depression
C) stress
D) social life

Question 22

According to the stages-of-change model of changing behavior, at which stage do people begin to make small changes in their behavior?

A) contemplation stage
B) preparation stage
C) maintenance stage
D) action stage

Question 23

What is the best definition for locus of control?

A) strong motivational powers that a person has available to him or her
B) the figurative "place" considered responsible for events in a person's life
C) the friends, family, and opponents who influence a person's life
D) a reward system that is responsible for positive lifestyle changes

Question 24

What is the best definition for self-efficacy?

A) the figurative "place" that is responsible for events in a person's life
B) a person's belief that she or he can take action and perform a specific task
C) events that occur but are unrelated to behavior change
D) events that occur but are beyond an individual's control

Question 25

What is the key to a successful behavior change program?

A) identifying multiple target behaviors
B) speed and aggressiveness
C) a plan that sets goals
D) a qualified therapist

Question 26

Which is most likely to result from excessive alcohol consumption?

A) excessive sleeping
B) fewer accidental deaths
C) lower weight
D) acts of violence

Question 27

Which is true about the factors involved in wellness?

A) They are entirely outside of individual control.
B) They often interact with each other.
C) They are difficult to identify.
D) They are easy to change.

Question 28

How does setting realistic, specific goals help a person change unwanted behavior?

A) It forces the person to take on the harder steps first.
B) It reduces the number of rewards the person can receive.
C) It makes the ultimate goal seem more manageable.
D) It takes the focus off the person's ultimate goal.

Question 29

What is the most effective way of dealing with disease?

A) medication
B) prevention
C) rehabilitation
D) surgery

Question 30

What is likely to happen when people have an external locus of control and believe they have a genetic predisposition to cancer?

A) They will reinforce their motivation to take appropriate action.
B) They will sabotage their efforts to take appropriate action.
C) They will enhance their focus of control.
D) They will gain a greater sense of control over their lives.

Question 31

Which of the following is associated with tobacco use?

A) a compromised immune system
B) liver disease
C) a small number of deaths each year
D) the top causes of death in the United States

Question 32

The best kind of Internet resource for information on health would be a website that is

A) run by a company selling products on the site.
B) promotional in nature.
C) operated by a professional association.
D) updated every six months.

Question 33

What is the first step in trying to change a health-related behavior?

A) making a personal contract
B) obtaining knowledge and information
C) realizing that you can change it
D) setting specific goals

Question 34

What is the best strategy for achieving and maintaining a healthy body weight?

A) short-term diets
B) colon cleansing
C) high-protein diets
D) regular exercise

Question 35

Which is the last step in creating a personalized plan for behavior change?

A) analyzing data
B) making a contract
C) monitoring behavior
D) setting goals

Question 36

Which identifies the precontemplation stage in the stages-of-change model?

A) awareness of the problem
B) modification of behavior
C) belief there is no need for change
D) planning for change

Question 37

Which is the most reliable source for health-related information?

A) a report about a "dramatic new breakthrough in the world of medicine"
B) a friend's story about how she lost weight on a new diet
C) a study by the National Cancer Institute
D) a social media post based on the latest medical research

Question 38

What will most likely result from poor stress management?

A) an increased susceptibility to diseases
B) less fatigue
C) better sleep
D) an efficient immune system

Question 39

Which of the following best describes a woman who is 25 pounds overweight, has tried a variety of diets, and defends her weight by claiming all of her relatives are overweight and that none have successfully lost weight?

A) lack of motivation
B) external locus of control
C) internal locus of control
D) victim of heredity

Question 40

When choosing a target behavior to change, how can you maximize your chances of success?

A) by changing all negative behaviors at once
B) by starting with a complicated behavior first
C) by starting with something simple
D) by targeting multiple behaviors

Question 41

Women are at a greater risk for depression than are men.

Question 42

Which is true of the techniques and level of effort required by a behavior change program?

A) They should never change.
B) They should always be easy.
C) They may need to be evaluated.
D) They may not help achieve a goal.

Question 43

Which is an example of blaming?

A) I'll start my walking program when I get some sunscreen.
B) My workout partner did not call me to go to the fitness center.
C) I'll begin my exercise program when next semester starts.
D) I did not have time to dry my hair before work, so I'll walk tomorrow.

Question 44

Which is an example of modifying your environment to support change?

A) asking a roommate to swim with you three times a week
B) buying a new CD after completing two weeks of a behavior change program
C) studying in the library instead of near the student union snack bar
D) posting your exercise log in a prominent place

Question 45

Which of the following is most likely true if there is a stress barrier to a behavior change plan?

A) It will remain throughout the changing process.
B) It will help motivate you to do your best.
C) It is unlikely to have any impact on your plan and should be ignored.
D) It may require you to make stress management a higher priority.

Question 46

The wellness concept defines health as the absence of disease.

Question 47

What is one way to ensure that a behavior change program continues?

A) Avoid anticipating potential problems.
B) Change the parts of the plan that are problems.
C) Ignore the reactions of your friends.
D) Try to get friends to change their behavior too.

Question 48

Which is an example of rationalization?

A) I will start an exercise program just as soon as the semester is over.
B) Next year is when I will start to exercise.
C) I could not exercise today because I had to visit a friend.
D) I do not exercise because I do not like it.

Question 49

Most health problems occur at the same rate for men and for women.

Question 50

Which is the best example of procrastination?

A) I wanted to exercise today, but I have felt sick since lunchtime.
B) I better wait until the summer to start my exercise program.
C) I did not exercise today because my mom visited unexpectedly from out of town.
D) I wanted to lift weights today, but I had time only to go for a run.

Question 51

What preparatory step may be necessary when devising a strategy or plan of action?

A) purchasing walking shoes for a fitness class
B) selecting a behavior to change
C) rewarding yourself with a movie
D) determining which events trigger the behavior

Question 52

Self-confidence is one characteristic of a person who possesses good emotional health.

Question 53

Which strategy can aid in behavior change?

A) having social support
B) implementing a test plan
C) reacting to challenges
D) withholding rewards

Question 54

Under the Affordable Care Act (ACA), if you do not have health insurance you must pay a federal penalty.

Question 55

Regular exercise is a crucial factor in preventing chronic disease.

Question 56

What does a personal contract for behavior change include?

A) an objective that gives details of a person's plan for behavior change
B) a record of the circumstances surrounding a person's target behavior
C) a prioritization of the behaviors that a person is considering changing
D) an assessment of a person's motivation for changing a health behavior

Question 57

Which is an example of an appropriate reward for achieving a nutrition behavior change goal?

A) eating a favorite food
B) drinking alcohol
C) seeing a movie
D) going out to dinner with friends

Question 58

Approximately 75% of all Americans exercise regularly.

Question 59

In a behavior change program, what might create a trap that is related to social influences?

A) enlisting the aid of friends in your pursuit
B) selecting behaviors to target
C) trying to get friends or family to change their behavior
D) breaking your steps into smaller tasks

Question 60

In 1850, a person was most likely to die of chronic diseases.

Question 61

Describe the differences between the major health problems and the leading causes of death in 1850 and in 2015. List two public health developments that contributed to the shift in the leading causes of death during the twentieth century.

Question 62

List at least five benefits of physical activity, and describe how they contribute to wellness.

Question 63

Food rewards are highly recommended for successful behavior change.

Question 64

People in the contemplation stage of change plan to take action within a month.

Question 65

List the five major steps in a behavior change plan of action. Select a target behavior, and briefly describe how you would apply the steps to that behavior.

Question 66

Prevention is the most effective way of dealing with chronic disease.

Question 67

Define the nine dimensions of wellness. List two behaviors or habits that would promote the development of each.

Question 68

For each of the following scenarios, describe the stage of change that is represented and provide two appropriate strategies to help the person move forward in the cycle of change.
1) José wants to get back into shape, but he cannot figure out how to fit activity into his day and does not know what to do next about his desire to change.
2) Jalyse has tried unsuccessfully to quit smoking in the past and now assumes that she will never be able to quit.
3) Will has decided to improve his diet. He has already started to change by eating cereal for breakfast at home one day per week rather than picking up his usual fast-food breakfast on the way to his first class.

Question 69

Discuss and provide examples of reliable sources of health and medical information, including Internet resources.

Question 70

Reliable sources of health information include recognized medical or academic journals, government agencies, and peer-reviewed medical studies.

Question 71

Breaking a plan into smaller steps that a person can accomplish one day at a time may reduce procrastination.

Question 72

Discuss the role that lifestyle choices play in determining quality of life. Give at least three examples of healthy lifestyle choices, and explain how they promote quality of life and overall wellness.

Question 73

An external locus of control reinforces motivation and commitment during a behavior change program.

Question 74

Discuss alcohol, tobacco, and drug use as causes of death, both through diseases and accidents, in the United States.