Deck 5: Capturing and Releasing Energy

Question 1

Light travels from space to earth

A) in circle lines.
B) in straight lines.
C) in waves.
D) in circle and straight lines.
E) in circle lines and in waves.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following do accessory pigments NOT do?

A) absorb additional wavelengths of light for photosynthesis
B) provide protection from UV light
C) attract animals for the purposes of seed dispersal and pollination
D) reflect white light
E) make roses red and violets blue

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Chlorophyll a molecules absorb ____ light.

A) orange, green and yellow
B) orange, purple and red
C) red and yellow
D) orange and blue
E) purple, orange, and yellow

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased by approximately___ percent since 1990.

A) 5
B) 15
C) 25
D) 50
E) 100

Question 5

Earth is the warmest it has been for ____ years.

A) 12
B) 120
C) 1200
D) 12, 000
E) 12, 000, 000

Question 6

Which of the following is occurring because of the warming trend we are currently in?

A) birds are laying eggs earlier
B) plants are flowering earlier
C) mammals are hibernating for shorter periods
D) the rate of extinctions is increasing
E) all of these are occurring

Question 7

Fossil fuels

A) can be recycled.
B) include biofuels.
C) are the organic remains of ancient autotrophs.
D) are still being generated by living autotrophs.
E) are the remains of dinosaurs and ancient autotrophs.

Question 8

If a pigment absorbed red,orange,yellow,green,blue,and violet light,what color would it appear to be?

A) black
B) brown
C) white
D) invisible
E) none of these

Question 9

Most of the colors we see around us result from

A) reflected light.
B) direct sunlight.
C) absorbed light.
D) the inherent color of the objects we are looking at.
E) a combination of absorbed and reflected light.

Question 10

When all the wavelengths of light are combined,it becomes

A) white.
B) black.
C) invisible.
D) all the colors of the rainbow.
E) thicker.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT true about fossil fuels?

A) they currently are not cost effective
B) they are made from non-fossilized organic matter
C) they include oils, gases, and alcohols mainly from plants
D) they add more carbon dioxide to the atmosphere
E) more than one of these is not true

Question 12

Deep in the ocean where there is no light,some bacteria can use the energy of chemicals to make carbohydrates.Animals,such as tube worms,derive their carbohydrates from consuming those chemosynthetic bacteria.Given these facts,a tube worm would be considered to be a(n)____,whereas the bacteria would be a(n)____.

A) producer; consumer
B) autotroph; heterotroph
C) prokaryote; eukaryote
D) heterotroph; autotroph
E) decomposer; producer

Question 13

If a pigment absorbed violet,yellow,orange,red,and green light,what color would it appear to be?

A) white
B) brown
C) black
D) blue
E) none of these

Question 14

The conversion of solar energy into chemical energy occurs during

A) glycolysis.
B) photosynthesis.
C) respiration.
D) fermentation.
E) chemosynthesis.

Question 15

The ultimate energy source for food production for most life on earth is

A) the atmosphere.
B) the soil.
C) autotrophs.
D) the sun.
E) heterotrophs.

Question 16

Which of the following molecules is the most common photosynthetic pigment in plants?

A) chlorophyll a
B) chlorophyll b
C) chlorophyll c
D) chlorophyll d
E) chlorophyll e

Question 17

According to evidence from ice layers from the Antarctic,atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have been rising since

A) the dinosaurs went extinct.
B) for the last 10, 000 years.
C) the industrial revolution began.
D) the 1970s.
E) human evolved 200, 000 years ago.

Question 18

Visible light comprises wavelengths that vary between ____ nanometers.

A) 380 and 750
B) 350 and 750
C) 390 and 780
D) 340 and 740
E) 320 and 740

Question 19

The distance between the crests of two successive waves of light is called

A) wave frequency.
B) wave period.
C) wave distance.
D) wavelength.
E) wave space.

Question 20

Which of the following selectively absorb some wavelengths of light and reflect others?

A) rainbows
B) carbohydrates
C) proteins
D) pigments
E) cell membranes

Question 21

Pigment molecules are most like

A) microwave ovens.
B) antennas.
C) microphones.
D) a computer mouse.
E) dvds.

Question 22

In which of the following do the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place?

A) thylakoid membranes
B) stroma
C) the outermost membrane
D) between the outermost and innermost membranes
E) a combination of more than one of these

Question 23

Of the following,which event occurs first in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

A) hydrolysis of water.
B) synthesis of sugar.
C) ejection of an electron from chlorophyll.
D) manufacture of ATP.
E) synthesis of NADPH.

Question 24

The oxygen released in photosynthesis comes from

A) carbon dioxide.
B) glucose.
C) water.
D) ATP.
E) NADPH.

Question 25

Roses are red because of which pigment?

A) anthocyanin
B) chlorophyll b
C) beta-carotene
D) phycoerythrobilin
E) chlorophyll a

Question 26

The energy that drives the light-independent reactions comes from

A) sunlight.
B) glucose.
C) carbon dioxide.
D) ATP and NADPH.
E) water and oxygen.

Question 27

Which of the following statements related to photosynthesis is INCORRECT?

A) The first stage of photosynthesis occurs in thylakoid membranes and requires light.
B) The second stage of photosynthesis takes place in the stroma and does not require light.
C) During the light-dependent reactions, glucose is produced.
D) Water molecules are converted to oxygen gas.
E) The light independent reactions occur in the stroma.

Question 28

Photosystems are located in

A) the first chloroplastic outer membrane.
B) the second chloroplastic outer membrane.
C) the stroma.
D) the thylakoid membranes.
E) the intermembrane space.

Question 29

When light excites chlorophyll,the chlorophyll molecules

A) change to carotene.
B) become agitated and move rapidly.
C) become radioactive.
D) electrons jump to a higher energy level.
E) become ionized.

Question 30

Carrots are orange because of which pigment?

A) anthocyanin
B) beta-carotene
C) chlorophyll a
D) chlorophyll b
E) phycoerythrobilin

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT associated with the light-dependent reaction?

A) ATP
B) thylakoids
C) chlorophyll
D) glucose
E) water

Question 32

Hydrogens and electrons from the splitting of water in photosynthesis become part of

A) oxygen gas
B) ATP
C) carbon dioxide
D) glucose
E) NADPH

Question 33

In which of the following cellular organelles does photosynthesis take place?

A) rough endoplasmic reticula
B) Golgi bodies
C) mitochondria
D) chloroplasts
E) more than one of these organelles is responsible for photosynthesis

Question 34

The membrane that forms a compartment inside the stroma is the

A) thylakoid.
B) mitochondrion.
C) lamella.
D) plastid.
E) tracheid.

Question 35

Photosynthesis converts the energy of light into

A) pigments.
B) chemical bond energy.
C) carbohydrates.
D) electrons and protons.
E) heat energy.

Question 36

From where does the oxygen gas released in photosynthesis come?

A) water
B) carbon dioxide
C) sunlight
D) glucose
E) ATP

Question 37

Photosystems are mainly

A) a grouping of energy-trapping molecules.
B) enzymes for splitting water.
C) a cluster of ATP molecules.
D) a sugar assembly site.
E) assemblies of thylakoids.

Question 38

Pigments,specifically,function for photosynthesis by which of the following?

A) electron excitation and energy emission
B) reflection of light energy
C) splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen
D) capturing light
E) none of these

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT found in a chloroplast?

A) a single outer membrane
B) DNA
C) ribosomes
D) stroma
E) thylakoids

Question 40

The stroma of a chloroplast is most like which of the following cellular structures?

A) ribosomes
B) cell membranes
C) the cytoplasm
D) nuclei
E) mitochondria

Question 41

In the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis,how do hydrogen ions get back into the stroma?

A) passive diffusion directly across the thylakoid membrane
B) active transport accross the thylakoid membrane
C) facilitated diffusion across the thylakoid membrane
D) active transport through ATP synthase
E) passive diffusion through ATP synthase

Question 42

If the first electron transfer chain in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis was stopped,which of the following would NOT be generated?

A) oxygen gas
B) NADPH
C) ATP
D) ATP and NADPH
E) none of these would be generated

Question 43

The splitting of water in photosynthesis

A) releases oxygen.
B) results in accumulation of H+ inside the thylakoid.
C) releases electrons.
D) helps to fill an electron hole in the second photosystem.
E) does all of these.

Question 44

NADP+ gets its electrons to become NADPH in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis from

A) ATP synthase
B) the flow of hydrogen ions
C) electron transfer chains
D) oxygen gas
E) glucose

Question 45

Which of the following metabolic pathways uses ATP and NADPH that formed in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

A) the Calvin-Benson cycle
B) the Krebs cycle
C) glycolysis
D) aerobic respiration
E) the light-dependent reactions

Question 46

ATP is formed when ____ the thylakoid compartment.

A) hydrogen ions enter
B) hydrogen ions leave
C) electrons leave
D) electrons enter
E) water is split in

Question 47

Plant cells produce oxygen gas

A) by splitting carbon dioxide.
B) during respiration.
C) by splitting ribulose bisphosphates.
D) by splitting molecules of water.
E) by breaking down glucose.

Question 48

How many carbon dioxide molecules does it take to synthesize one molecule of glucose?

A) 2
B) 4
C) 6
D) 12
E) 18

Question 49

The products of light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis

A) are used in light-independent reactions.
B) are complex carbohydrates and proteins.
C) are stored in the vacuoles of the cell.
D) are oxygen and glucose.
E) are used in the light-independent reactions and are stored in the vacuoles of the cell.

Question 50

The electrons that are passed to NADP? at the end of the electron transfer chain were obtained from

A) water.
B) CO2.
C) glucose.
D) sunlight.
E) ATP.

Question 51

At the end of the electron transfer chain,the final electron acceptor is

A) ATP.
B) oxygen.
C) NADP+.
D) water.
E) NADPH.

Question 52

Where are the light-independent reactions occurring?

A) in the cytoplasm
B) in the chloroplastic outer membrane
C) in the thylakoid membrane
D) in the stroma
E) in the matrix

Question 53

Which of the following sources of energy powers the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis?

A) light
B) ATP and NADPH
C) photosystem 2
D) glucose
E) NADP+

Question 54

The carbon dioxide acceptor in the Calvin-Benson cycle of photosynthesis is

A) phosphoglycerate (PGA).
B) ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP).
C) phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL).
D) glucose.
E) phosphoenolpyruvate.

Question 55

Which of the following is most descriptive of an electron transport chain?

A) It generates energy from nothing.
B) It is a mechanism used by cells to dispose of unused electrons.
C) It transfers electron energy, stepwise, from one compound to another.
D) It transfers energy, stepwise, from one compound to another.
E) It requires activation by sunlight.

Question 56

What is the energy generated in the first electron transfer chain in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis used to do?

A) split water into oxygen, hydrogen ions, and electrons
B) generate NADPH
C) power the ATP synthase enzyme to produce ATP
D) pump hydrogen ions into the thylakoid compartment
E) generate glucose

Question 57

Hydrogen ion flow out of the thylakoid compartments

A) occurs between photosystems I and II.
B) is called hydrogen transfer system.
C) provides energy to produce ATP molecules.
D) causes excitation of chlorophyll molecules.
E) requires the intermediary action of acceptor molecules.

Question 58

Which of the following molecules is (are)formed at the end of the electron transfer process?

A) ATP only
B) NADPH only
C) ATP and NADPH
D) NADP+
E) ATP and NADP+

Question 59

What powers the ATP synthase enzyme in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

A) energy from ATP
B) energy from NADPH
C) energy from the splitting of water
D) energy from electron transfer chains
E) energy from the flow of hydrogen ions

Question 60

Which of the following molecules serve as inputs for the light-independent reactions?

A) H2O, ATP, and NADPH
B) CO2, NADPH, and H2O
C) CO2 and NADPH
D) ATP, NADPH, H2O, and CO2
E) NADPH, ATP, and CO2

Question 61

Which of the following is NOT true of CAM plants?

A) they are most like C4 plants in their photosynthetic metabolism
B) the light-independent reactions begin at night
C) they fix carbon only during the night
D) they include the cacti and succulents
E) they use rubisco

Question 62

Glycolysis takes place in

A) the cytoplasm.
B) mitochondria.
C) chloroplasts.
D) thylakoids.
E) peroxisomes.

Question 63

On hot,dry days,what problem arises for C3 plants?

A) oxygen binds to rubisco's active sites preventing carbon fixation
B) with stomata open, they lose excessive water
C) too much glucose is produced
D) carbon dioxide fixes to RuBP instead of PGA
E) the electrons from water bind to ADP instead of NADPH

Question 64

The enzyme that fixes carbon dioxide into the Calvin-Benson cycle is

A) rubisco
B) carbon dioxide oxidase
C) ATP synthase
D) carbon hydrogenase
E) pepsin

Question 65

Plants use which of the following structures to allow an exchange of gases?

A) pores
B) plasmodesmata
C) stroma
D) chloroplasts
E) stomata

Question 66

In the Calvin-Benson cycle of photosynthesis,after carbon dioxide is fixed into a six carbon molecule,what molecule is generated in the cycle next?

A) RuBP
B) glucose
C) PGA
D) ATP
E) NADPH

Question 67

Aerobes use ____ as the final electron acceptor at the end of an electron transport chain.

A) hydrogen
B) carbon
C) oxygen
D) H2O
E) NAD+

Question 68

You are a botanist living in the desert.A friend asks you which of the following plants would be most practical to plant in their yard.What is your answer?

A) all plants will do equally well
B) any plant as long as it is a C3 plant
C) any plant as long as it is a C4 plant
D) any plant as long as it is a CAM plant
E) either a C3 or C4 plant

Question 69

Which of the following would NOT be true of CAM plants?

A) they fix carbon only once
B) they live in a desert environments
C) they fix carbon during the day and at night
D) they open stomata only at night
E) they do not use rubisco

Question 70

In C4 plants,which of the following events of photosyntesis takes place first?

A) carbon from carbon dioxide is fixed by an enzyme that does not use oxygen
B) carbon from carbon dioxide is fixed by rubisco
C) glucose is produced
D) glucose is converted into sucrose
E) RuBP splits into two PGA molecules

Question 71

How many ATP molecules (net yield)are produced per molecule of glucose during glycolysis?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 4
D) 36
E) 38

Question 72

For a glucose molecule which is completely oxidized during the process of cellular respiration,what is the correct sequence of series of reactions?

A) I >>> II >>> III
B) I >>> III >>> II
C) II >>> I >>> III
D) II >>> III >>> I
E) III >>> I >>> II

Question 73

Which of the following generates the most energy in the form of ATP?

A) aerobic respiration
B) photosynthesis
C) alcoholic fermentation
D) lactate fermentation
E) all generate the same amount, but through different means

Question 74

For glycolysis to occur,

A) glucose must enter the mitochondria.
B) there must be an input of energy from ATP.
C) oxygen must be available.
D) ATP syntase must be activated.
E) heat must be supplied.

Question 75

Plant cells are capable of

A) photosynthesis.
B) ATP production.
C) glucose breakdown.
D) aerobic respiration.
E) all of these.

Question 76

What are the advantages of C4 and CAM photosynthesis compared to C3 photosynthesis?

A) high sugar production can be maintained on hot, dry days
B) water is not necessary for the light-dependent reactions
C) carbon dioxide is not needed for the light-independent reactions
D) less sugar is necessary for metabolic activities
E) more than one of these is an advantage of C4 and CAM photosynthesis

Question 77

In most plants,glucose is stored as

A) glucose.
B) starch.
C) sucrose.
D) glycogen.
E) cellulose.

Question 78

What type of plant is corn?

A) C3
B) C4
C) CAM
D) it becomes a CAM plant if grown in the desert
E) it becomes a C3 plant if grown in cold climates

Question 79

For six molecules of carbon dioxide fixed in the light-independent reaction,how many molecules of PGA are produced?

A) 2
B) 4
C) 6
D) 12
E) 18

Question 80

Which of the following statements is CORRECT about C? plants?

A) In C4 plants, fixation of carbon dioxide and the light-independent reactions occur in two different types of cells.
B) C4 plants are so called because a 4-carbon molecule is the first stable intermediate that forms in the light-independent reactions.
C) In C4 plants, carbon dioxide is fixed by an enzyme that does not use oxygen even at high oxygen levels.
D) C4 plants are adapted to produce glucose even when stomata are closed.
E) C4 plants do not use rubisco or the Calvin-Benson cycle.