Deck 6: Psychodynamic Approaches

Question 1

Freud compared the __________ to a chariot driver trying to control unwieldy horses.

A) id
B) ego
C) super-ego
D) extra ego

Answer 1

ego

Question 2

How do psychodynamic theorists view personality?

A) Personality results from learning; environmental forces shape and determine an individual's characteristics.
B) Personality represents a complex interplay of conscious and unconscious forces within an individual.
C) Personality is seen as a collection of traits, with some traits being more fundamental than others.
D) Personality represents the unfolding of preprogrammed genetic tendencies.

Answer 2

Personality represents a complex interplay of conscious and unconscious forces within an individual.

Question 3

Sam and Ella were reviewing their notes for their personality psychology class. "Let's see . . . operates on the pleasure principle, seeks immediate gratification, pays no attention to societal expectations, untamed passions . . . that sounds just like our friend Gary!" Sam remarked. "Yup," agreed Ella. "He's nothing but pure __________."

A) iceberg
B) ego
C) id
D) super-ego

Answer 3

id

Question 4

The conscious mind is generally governed by the __________.

A) pleasure principle
B) reality principle
C) structural model
D) censorship model

Question 5

Edgar effused, "Man, I'm all ego! I do what I want, whenever I want to." Ivan intoned, "Me, I'm pure id. I know right from wrong, and I always tread the moral path." Stefano shrieked, "I am the definition of super-ego. Straight and steady through the world, trying to be sensible about it all." Despite their best intentions, these three Freudian fellows are a bit mixed up. Can you assign the correct attributes to each person?

A) Edgar is id, Ivan is super-ego, Stefano is ego
B) Edgar is super-ego, Ivan is ego, Stefano is id
C) Edgar is id, Ivan is ego, Stefano is super-ego
D) Edgar is ego, Ivan is id, Stefano is super-ego

Question 6

Which theorist developed psychoanalysis as a specific model of the psychodynamic approach?

A) Karen Horney
B) Alfred Adler
C) Sigmund Freud
D) Carl Jung

Question 7

Which part of our mind is known as "above I"?

A) pre-id
B) ego
C) super-ego
D) extra ego

Question 8

Which principle governs the operation of the unconscious mind?

A) reality principle
B) structural model
C) topographical principle
D) pleasure principle

Question 9

__________ refers to the way a client perceives her or his therapist.

A) Cathexis
B) Transference
C) Projection
D) Manifest content

Question 10

The ego is the conscious part of the mind that navigates between the __________ and the __________.

A) id; super-ego
B) ego; id
C) ego; super-ego
D) cerebrum; cerebellum

Question 11

Ronnie arrived for his first appointment with a psychotherapist. "I'm a little nervous," Ronnie confessed. "I'm not sure what I'm supposed to do." "Let's start with this," the therapist replied. "Just say whatever comes into your mind." What technique is Ronnie's therapist using?

A) cathexis
B) transference
C) free association
D) the reality principle

Question 12

According to Freud's topographical model, which part of the mind functions to keep the unconscious out of conscious awareness?

A) preconsciousness
B) the pleasure principle
C) the reality principle
D) free associated transference

Question 13

Professor Dempsey thinks the Freudian view that sex plays a central role in psychological conflict is exaggerated. She thinks interpersonal relationships and the social context are of greater importance to psychological development. Professor Dempsey is most likely a __________.

A) neo-analytic theorist
B) cognitive-behavioral theorist
C) humanistic theorist
D) behaviorist

Question 14

__________ is a psychological disorder characterized by unexplained physical symptoms such as blindness, fainting, or paralysis.

A) Depression
B) Cathexis
C) Hysteria
D) Repression

Question 15

Freud's structural model of the mind is often compared to __________.

A) an engine, with a few key parts causing the rest to perform
B) a factory, with constant levels of production across all shifts
C) an iceberg, with some parts accessible but most parts hidden
D) a computer, with mechanistic inputs, analysis, and outputs

Question 16

According to psychodynamic theorists, which part of the mind is outside of direct awareness?

A) unconscious
B) conscious
C) manifest
D) symbolic

Question 17

Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, and __________ were neo-analytic psychodynamic theorists.

A) Sigmund Freud
B) Jean Piaget
C) Abraham Maslow
D) Carl Jung

Question 18

An angel, a demon, and a human walk into a cafe. The angel says, "I'd like to buy pizza for the house; it's the right thing to do." The human says, "I'd like that, too, but realistically, we can't afford it." The demon, meanwhile, has already emptied the cash register and sabotaged the jukebox. Although there's no punchline to this joke, there are parallels to Freud's view of the organization of the mind. Can you correctly identify those parallels?

A) The demon operates like the super-ego, the human operates like the id, and the angel operates like the ego.
B) The demon operates like the ego, the human operates like the super-ego, and the angel operates like the id.
C) The demon operates like the id, the human operates like the super-ego, and the angel operates like the ego.
D) The demon operates like the id, the human operates like the ego, and the angel operates like the super-ego.

Question 19

According to psychodynamic theory, how does the super-ego operate in the structure of mind?

A) The super-ego provides the ego with a "list" of better or worse behaviors to choose from.
B) The super-ego grapples directly with the id to control the id's desires.
C) The super-ego forces the ego to consider socially acceptable forms of behavior.
D) The super-ego is largely absent in the structure of the mind, not developing until a person's 40s.

Question 20

Why is the Freudian psychodynamic perspective still relevant to modern personality psychology?

A) Empirical evidence continues to confirm the correctness of psychodynamic concepts.
B) Psychodynamic concepts have been generative, pervasive, and comprehensive.
C) Freud's writings have only recently attracted attention in mainstream psychology; they offer a fresh perspective on traditional theories.
D) Psychodynamic theory guides most of the current theorizing in personality psychology.

Question 21

Assunta wanted to remember the correct order of Freud's psychosexual stages of development, so she challenged herself with a grocery game. She remembered Phallic (Peaches), Anal (Apples), Oral (Oranges), Genital (Grapes), and Latency (Lemons). Which fruit-based shopping list has the stages in the correct order?

A) oranges, grapes, lemons, peaches, apples
B) oranges, apples, peaches, lemons, grapes
C) apples, peaches, lemons, grapes, oranges
D) peaches, lemons, grapes, oranges, apples

Question 22

According to Freud, dreams cannot be understood from their apparent surface content, otherwise known as the __________.

A) Electra complex
B) latent content
C) manifest content
D) defensive content

Question 23

When someone misspeaks, saying something inappropriate at an awkward time, it may be a revelation of some deeper hidden desire. In psychodynamic terms, this is called __________.

A) a Freudian slip
B) transference
C) censorship
D) an oral fixation

Question 24

What personality trait characterizes people who are more likely to remember their dreams?

A) being high in neuroticism
B) being low in agreeableness
C) being high in openness to experience
D) being low in extraversion

Question 25

According to Freud's theory of psychosexual development, how old would a person likely be who was experiencing a period of sexual calm, with no particular focus on any bodily zone?

A) 3 years old
B) 10 years old
C) 18 years old
D) 25 years old

Question 26

According to the psychodynamic perspective, __________ are psychological processes that keep us from consciously experiencing things that could cause us suffering.

A) cathexses
B) defense mechanisms
C) complexes
D) transferences

Question 27

When an individual is in denial, she or he is not acknowledging __________ content.

A) subconscious
B) conscious
C) unconscious
D) preconscious

Question 28

Renaldo is being toilet trained. It is likely that he is in the __________ stage of development.

A) oral
B) phallic
C) anal
D) genital

Question 29

During which age range is a child likely to be in the anal stage of psychosexual development?

A) 0 to 1 year
B) 1 to 3 years
C) 4 to 6 years
D) 7 to 11 years

Question 30

According to the psychodynamic perspective, boys experience __________ and girls experience __________.

A) castration anxiety; penis envy
B) the Electra complex; the Oedipal complex
C) penis envy; castration anxiety
D) oral fixation; anal fixation

Question 31

The daughter's love for the father and wish for the mother's death is called __________.

A) the Oedipus complex
B) anal-retentive personality
C) the Electra complex
D) anal-expulsive personality

Question 32

According to Freud, early experiences of power and self-control can result in a(n) __________ personality.

A) Oedipal
B) anal-retentive
C) Electra
D) anal-expulsive

Question 33

A male child's love for his mother and wish for his father's death during the phallic stage is known as __________.

A) the Oedipus complex
B) castration anxiety
C) the Electra complex
D) penis envy

Question 34

The unconscious meaning of a dream is found in the dream's __________.

A) Electra complex
B) latent content
C) manifest content
D) defensive content

Question 35

During which of Freud's stages of psychosexual development does a child begin adult sexual development?

A) oral stage
B) anal stage
C) latent stage
D) genital stage

Question 36

According to Freud, early experiences of gaining pleasure from releasing the bowels can result in a(n) __________ personality.

A) Oedipal
B) anal-retentive
C) Electra
D) anal-expulsive

Question 37

Who theorized that girls want to marry their fathers?

A) Carl Jung
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Alfred Adler
D) Karen Horney

Question 38

Sid is a compulsive masturbator. According to Freud, fixation during which psychosexual stage of development led to this outcome?

A) latency
B) phallic
C) anal
D) genital

Question 39

Around ages 4 to 6, the libido migrates to the genitals during the __________ stage.

A) phallic
B) oral
C) anal
D) genital

Question 40

The __________ stage of psychosexual development is associated with breastfeeding.

A) anal
B) phallic
C) latent
D) oral

Question 41

The humor style that is used to mock oneself is known as __________ humor.

A) affiliative
B) self-enhancing
C) self-defeating
D) aggressive

Question 42

In Jungian terms, a connecting principle, almost imperceptible, that joins events and experiences is called __________.

A) an archetype
B) synchronicity
C) individuation
D) the hero's journey

Question 43

The __________ type likes to see the patterns in issues, whereas the __________ type relies on concrete connections.

A) thinking; feeling
B) intuitive; sensing
C) judging; perceiving
D) extraverted; introverted

Question 44

Tammy loves to make others laugh as a way of building bridges between people. This style of humor is known as __________ humor.

A) self-enhancing
B) aggressive
C) self-defeating
D) affiliative

Question 45

The rational functions in Jungian theory are __________.

A) thinking versus feeling
B) intuition versus sensation
C) judging versus perceiving
D) extraversion versus introversion

Question 46

According to Carl Jung, the __________ archetype is the personification of the "dark side" of the ego.

A) anima/animus
B) shadow
C) self
D) unconscious

Question 47

Spencer has a lot of aggressive energy, and sometimes he has troubling thoughts about hurting people in violent ways. He finds that when he plays in his death metal band, Rancid Zebra Corpse, his urges go away and the audience praises his music. Freud would propose that Spencer is using the defense mechanism of __________ to deal with his unacceptable impulses.

A) sublimation
B) rationalization
C) repression
D) reaction formation

Question 48

Xiao Ling sees the world and the people in it as threats. To overcome these perceived challenges, she tries to secure background information on her supposed foes in order to use it against them. Xiao Ling is using the moving __________ technique.

A) toward
B) away
C) against
D) behind

Question 49

Margareta grew up feeling unloved and unconnected to her mother. Margareta may experience __________.

A) split object image
B) basic fault
C) transference
D) synchronicity

Question 50

What criticism has been directed toward Freud's theories?

A) Three additional psychosexual stages of development have been identified.
B) Freud's ideas are difficult to operationalize and test empirically.
C) Too little emphasis was placed on childhood development in the formation of personality.
D) Freud presented a narrow theory of personality that lacked application.

Question 51

Which psychodynamic mechanism of defense involves disguising unconscious content by turning it into its opposite?

A) repression
B) reaction formation
C) denial
D) projection

Question 52

What is the core concept of Alfred Adler's psychodynamic theory?

A) A person's unique struggle with feelings of inferiority is the key to understanding personality.
B) Personality development is an ongoing process of trying to rid oneself of defense mechanisms.
C) All humans can access a well of images, memories, and symbols housed in the collective unconscious.
D) People resolve a series of conflicts presented across several psychosexual stages of development.

Question 53

Marty has just had a heated argument with his coworker, and for a split second he feels the urge to punch the coworker in the chest. Instead, Marty takes an early lunch and works out by sparring at the gym. Which defense mechanism would Freud say is operating in this situation?

A) projection
B) denial
C) rationalization
D) displacement

Question 54

In Jungian theory, getting energy from social situations versus being alone is known as __________.

A) thinking versus feeling
B) intuition versus sensation
C) judging versus perceiving
D) extraversion versus introversion

Question 55

__________ theory is a model for understanding individuals by examining how they think about other people.

A) Object integration
B) Object relations
C) Psychodynamic
D) Neo-analytic

Question 56

Freud thought that one defense mechanism was key to all other defense mechanisms. Which mechanism was accorded this primary status?

A) displacement
B) reaction formation
C) denial
D) repression

Question 57

The term __________ refers to the belief that other people hold the same opinions as you do on issues.

A) false consensus effect
B) self-effect
C) correct consensus effect
D) opinion effect

Question 58

__________ is Carl Jung's term for the archetype of the soul.

A) Self
B) Transference
C) Shadow
D) Anima/animus

Question 59

What humor style is used to help make a person look and feel better?

A) affiliative
B) self-enhancing
C) aggressive
D) self-defeating

Question 60

According to psychoanalytic theory, which defense mechanism involves attributing an unconsciously experienced impulse or feeling to someone else?

A) repression
B) reaction formation
C) denial
D) projection

Question 61

What was the main difference between the theories of Sigmund Freud and Alfred Adler?

Question 62

What are some ways to examine the unconscious?

Question 63

Patrick is shy and cautious, and while the other kids play outside, he remains indoors. He watches the kids from his bedroom window, wishing he were cool enough to join them. According to Alfred Adler, what is Patrick suffering from?

Question 64

Describe Carl Jung's notion of archetypes, and provide examples.

Question 65

What empirical evidence has been found to support the existence of defense mechanisms?

Question 66

Sakiya is always preparing for the worst. She thinks it is better to think negatively about situations so that when bad things happen, she is ready. What protective strategy is she using?

Question 67

Explain how denial and repression differ from one another.

Question 68

Where does the super-ego come from?

Question 69

How did the originators of psychodynamic and neo-analytic theory conduct personality science?

Question 70

How are wish fulfillment and day residue intertwined?

Question 71

What is the structural model of psychodynamic theory?

Question 72

What is the difference between the Oedipus complex and the Electra complex?

Question 73

What is analytical psychology?

Question 74

According to psychodynamic theory, how aware are people of the three components of their minds?

Question 75

You keep a journal of your dreams and are interested in understanding what your dreams tell you about your subconscious. What did Sigmund Freud think about the importance of dream interpretation?

Question 76

What is the difference between Sigmund Freud's and Carl Jung's beliefs regarding the self?

Question 77

In psychodynamic theory, the unconscious mind is the __________.

A) thoughts and feelings we are not aware of
B) part of our mind within our awareness
C) Mind's ego
D) determining factor in our sexuality

Question 78

What is the hero's journey?

Question 79

What are castration anxiety and penis envy?

Question 80

You and your friend are debating the contributions of Sigmund Freud and the neo-analytic theorists. Your friend says those ideas were sexist, lacked scientific foundation, and were just plain wrong. You say that their ideas are important for several reasons. What are some of the reasons you will use in your debate?