Question 1

The differences in life expectancies between non-Indigenous and Indigenous people can be considered in the light of:&#10;A)population factors.&#10;B)medication compliance.&#10;C)extended family customs.&#10;D)related disadvantage,such as income,education,location and housing options.

Accepted Answer

The related disadvantage, such as income, education, location, and housing options, is a major factor in the differences in life expectancies between non-Indigenous and Indigenous people. Indigenous people often experience significantly lower levels of financial security, education, and access to adequate housing, health services, and other services that are necessary for good health. This can result in higher rates of chronic illnesses, injuries, and other health problems, which can ultimately impact life expectancy. Other factors such as population factors, medication compliance, and extended family customs may also play a role, but they are likely to be less significant compared to the related disadvantage.

Question 2

Healthy ageing is about creating environments and opportunities and enable people to:&#10;A)live independently and value their lives.&#10;B)have greater access to health services.&#10;C)to have greater support from an array of health professions and community services.&#10;D)maintain 'functional ability' that enables wellbeing into older life.

Accepted Answer

Healthy ageing focuses on maintaining 'functional ability' which includes the capabilities that enable well-being in older age, rather than just access to services or support.

Question 3

In the health domain,concerns are based on the economics of ageing;the focus is on:&#10;A)funding for residential and aged-care services.&#10;B)hospital in the home.&#10;C)keeping older people out of costly care settings.&#10;D)improving equity and access to health services.

Accepted Answer

The focus of concerns in the health domain related to ageing is on keeping older people out of costly care settings. This means finding ways to ensure that older adults can receive appropriate care and support while remaining in their homes and communities as long as possible, which can help to reduce the strain on residential and aged-care services. This approach is often referred to as "aging in place" and is seen as crucial for promoting independence, reducing social isolation, and improving quality of life for older adults.

Question 4

The burden of disease is the highest among older people from:&#10;A)cardiovascular disease.&#10;B)dementia.&#10;C)chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.&#10;D)coronary heart disease.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The burden of disease is the highest...

Question 5

The variation between life expectancy of an Indigenous and non-indigenous Australian is primarily due to:&#10;A)the burden of ill health and disability.&#10;B)fewer aged care places accessible to the Indigenous Australian.&#10;C)increasing age,prevalence of chronic disease,and risk factors.&#10;D)cultural and family differences.

Accepted Answer

The primary reason for the variation in life expectancy between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians is the burden of ill health and disability, which is higher among Indigenous populations due to factors like limited access to healthcare, socioeconomic disadvantages, and higher prevalence of chronic diseases.

Question 6

If we look at burden of disease data from Australia's health in 2018 (AIHW,2018)the second leading cause of burden was:&#10;A)chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.&#10;B)dementia.&#10;C)stroke.&#10;D)lung cancer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If we look at burden of disease...

Question 7

There is a significant focus with age-care reforms on consumer-directed care with the intention of:&#10;A)allowing family members greater choice of care packages.&#10;B)gives carers a greater say in the type of care given.&#10;C)giving older people more choice and control in the type of service they receive.&#10;D)allow medical staff to make decisions on behalf of the older person.

Accepted Answer

The intention of consumer-directed care is to give older people more choice and control in the type of service they receive. It is not about allowing family members or carers to have more say, nor is it about allowing medical staff to make decisions on behalf of the older person.

Question 8

The population has significantly changed over the last decade with the:&#10;A)socio-economic status improving.&#10;B)division into the young-old and the old-old.&#10;C)older generations,those over 65 years old,continuing to grow.&#10;D)increased choices in health care.

Accepted Answer

The statement mentions that the older generation, those over 65 years old, is continuing to grow. This suggests that the overall population is aging, which is confirmed by data from the United Nations showing that the global population aged 65 and over has increased from 5.2% in 1990 to 8.5% in 2020. The other options may also be true, but they are not supported by the statement or are not as significant as the aging population.

Question 9

Recent trends in aged-care delivery include:&#10;A)a shift away from residential services towards community care places.&#10;B)higher taxes.&#10;C)user-pays systems.&#10;D)more medication reviews.

Accepted Answer

There has been a trend towards providing aged care services in a person's home or community setting rather than in residential care facilities. This is partly due to demand from older people and their families who want to remain living in their communities for as long as possible. Additionally, government policies and funding have been directed towards supporting community-based aged care services.

Question 10

The growth in spending on aged-care services can be attributed to:&#10;A)more-expensive medications.&#10;B)market forces.&#10;C)increasing age,prevalence of chronic disease,and risk factors.&#10;D)service duplication.

Accepted Answer

The growth in spending on aged-care services can be attributed to the increasing age of the population, the prevalence of chronic disease, and risk factors such as obesity and smoking. These factors increase the demand for healthcare services and consequently lead to increased spending on aged-care services. More expensive medications and service duplication may contribute to overall healthcare spending but are not specific to aged-care services. Market forces may impact spending on healthcare as a whole but do not specifically explain the growth in spending on aged-care services.

Question 11

Currently,Indigenous Australians can expect to live:&#10;A)10 years less than their non-Indigenous counterparts.&#10;B)as long as their non-Indigenous counterparts.&#10;C)15 years less than their non-Indigenous counterparts.&#10;D)20 years less than their non-Indigenous counterparts.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Currently,Indigenous Australians can expect to live:&#10;A)10 years...

Deck 8: The Aged Care Sector: Residential and Community Care