Deck 20: Viruses, Bacteria, and Archaea

Question 1

In what way does prokaryotic fission resemble eukaryotic mitosis?  

A) Mechanism of chromosome movement
B) Production of genetically identical descendant cells
C) Chromosome attachment
D) Production of a cytoskeletal framework for separating chromosomes
E) Horizontal gene transfers

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which prokaryote is described accurately?  

A) A coccus is corkscrew shaped.
B) An archaean is arch shaped.
C) A bacillus is rod shaped.
D) A spirillum is spherical.
E) A coccus is flattened.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The substance that is secreted by a bacterial pathogen is known as ___________.  

A) exotoxin
B) siderophores
C) endotoxin
D) chlamydia
E) Coxiella

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Four of the following are characteristics of viruses.Which one is the exception?  

A) The outer coats of all viruses are alike.
B) The virus contains either DNA or RNA at its core, but not both.
C) Viruses infect organisms in all three domains of life.
D) Most viruses have a protein coat or covering.
E) Viral envelopes consist of host cell membrane.

Question 5

Sequencing of the HIV-1 genome revealed that it is most closely related to ____.  

A) simian immunodeficiency virus
B) feline immunodeficiency virus
C) bovine immunodeficiency virus
D) hepatitis B
E) H1N1

Question 6

Four of the following are involved in the reproduction of all viruses.Which one is not?  

A) Attachment and penetration
B) Replication and synthesis
C) Assembly
D) Latency
E) Release

Question 7

Herpes and other enveloped viruses enter their host cells ____.  

A) through pores
B) by dissolving the host plasma membrane
C) by fusion of the viral membrane with the cell's plasma membrane
D) by activating transport proteins in the host cell's plasma membrane
E) by engulfing the host cell

Question 8

Of all organisms,prokaryotes are the ____.  

A) smallest
B) least abundant
C) least metabolically diverse
D) least widespread
E) most internally complex

Question 9

Retroviruses are characterized by ____.  

A) RNA that is used as a template to produce DNA in a host cell
B) integrating RNA into the host's chromosome
C) the enzyme alkaline phosphatase
D) having one strain that causes H1N1
E) the lack of a protein coat

Question 10

AIDS stands for ____.  

A) Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
B) Accelerated Immune Death Syndrome
C) Accentuated Induced Deficiency Syndrome
D) Advantageous Immunity Deficiency Syndrome
E) Acquired Immuno Defense Syndrome

Question 11

Four of the following are true of herpes simplex 1.Which one is the exception?  

A) It is related to the virus that causes chickenpox.
B) It has a latent phase in its replication cycle.
C) It can remain latent in nerve cells for years.
D) Activation of the latent virus causes cold sores.
E) Once activated it causes a form of skin cancer.

Question 12

Which of the following lack a nucleus and are structurally simple?  

A) Eukaryotes
B) Prokaryotes
C) Fungi
D) Algae
E) Protists

Question 13

Pili may do four of the following.Which is the exception?  

A) They help cells attach to surfaces.
B) They function in conjugation.
C) They extend from the cell surface.
D) They can be transferred between cells.
E) They function in cell locomotion.

Question 14

What component is located on the exterior surface of a prokaryote?  

A) Flagellum
B) Cytoplasm
C) Plasma membrane
D) DNA
E) Nucleoid

Question 15

Archaea reproduce primarily through ____.  

A) fusion
B) binary fission
C) sex
D) meiosis
E) cell joining

Question 16

Four of the following are viral diseases.Which one is the exception?  

A) Herpes
B) Measles
C) Bubonic plague
D) Hepatitis
E) Chicken pox

Question 17

What feature is LEAST characteristic of a virus?  

A) Contains DNA or RNA genetic material
B) Contains cytoplasm and ribosomes
C) Has a protein coat
D) Can only replicate inside a living host cell
E) Is very small

Question 18

Which of the following is a characteristic of a bacteriophage?  

A) Is a naked virus
B) Is the most common cause of the common cold
C) Has a spiked protein coat
D) Infects animals
E) Has a lipid envelope

Question 19

Four of the following characterize most prokaryotes.Which one is the exception?  

A) Lack of a nucleus
B) A single circular chromosome
C) Cell wall
D) Complex internal membranes
E) Great metabolic diversity

Question 20

The following is an emerging viral disease:  

A) Herpes
B) Zika
C) Rubella
D) Mumps
E) Botulism

Question 21

A virus infects a host cell and takes over the host's mechanisms of replication and __________ synthesis.

Question 22

The methanogenic archaeans are ____.  

A) aerobes
B) facultative anaerobes
C) strict aerobes
D) facultative anaerobes..
E) strict anaerobes.

Question 23

The following statements are true about some cyanobacterial species except:  

A) gave rise to chloroplasts.
B) can partner with fungi in a symbiotic relationship.
C) can fix nitrogen.
D) form filaments in water.
E) do not perform photosynthesis.

Question 24

A(n)__________ is a virus that infects only bacteria.

Question 25

Most species of Gram-positive bacteria are ____.  

A) photoautotrophic
B) photoheterotrophic
C) chemoautotrophic
D) chemoheterotrophic
E) photochemoautotrophic

Question 26

Bacteriorhodopsin is a light-sensitive pigment found in ____ archaeans used to supply energy for ____ production.  

A) halophilic; ATP
B) thermophilic; carbohydrate
C) methanogenic; methane
D) halophilic; carbohydrate
E) thermophilic; ATP

Question 27

A(n)__________ is a noncellular infectious particle with a protein coat enclosing DNA or RNA.

Question 28

Peptidoglycan is a compound in ____.  

A) bacterial flagella
B) bacterial cell walls
C) archaean cell walls
D) archaean flagella
E) eukaryote cell walls

Question 29

Which prokaryotic nutritional group uses inorganic substances to produce energy and CO₂ to build organic compounds?  

A) Photoautotrophs
B) Chemoautotrophs
C) Photoheterotrophs
D) Chemoheterotrophs
E) Methanoheterotrophs

Question 30

This bacterium secretes an exotoxin that binds to nerve cells and causes muscle paralysis.  

A) Clostridium botulinum
B) Shigella
C) Escherichia coli
D) Cholera
E) Penicillium

Question 31

In which of the following ways are archaea similar to eukaryotic cells?  

A) Size
B) Shape
C) Presence of histones
D) DNA polymerases
E) Presence of operons

Question 32

The methanogenic archaeans are ____ that pull electrons from ____.  

A) chemoautotrophs; oxygen
B) chemoheterotrophs; carbon dioxide
C) chemoautotrophs; water
D) chemoheterotrophs; methane
E) chemoautotrophs; hydrogen gas

Question 33

Gram-positive bacteria have ____ and appear ____ under the microscope after Gram staining.  

A) thick cell walls; pink
B) thick cell walls; purple
C) thin cell walls; pink
D) thin cell walls; purple
E) thin cell walls; blue

Question 34

How do archaeans and bacteria differ?  

A) Size
B) Shape
C) Plasma membrane composition
D) Absence of a nucleus
E) Mode of cellular division

Question 35

____ is a dangerous bacteria that infects wounds.  

A) Thiomargarita namibiensis
B) Clostridium tetani
C) Bacillus anthracis
D) Helicobacter pylori
E) Thermus aquaticus

Question 36

Which prokaryotic nutritional groups use CO₂ and sunlight to produce energy?  

A) Photoautotrophs
B) Chemoautotrophs
C) Photoheterotrophs
D) Chemoheterotrophs
E) Methanoheterotrophs

Question 37

Which statement is LEAST characteristic of proteobacteria?  

A) They live only inside plants.
B) Some eat other bacteria.
C) Some are chemoheterotrophs.
D) A member of this group gave rise to mitochondria.
E) They are the most diverse group of bacteria.

Question 38

Which characteristic is LEAST accurate about endospores?  

A) They can be destroyed with boiling water.
B) They are resistant to freezing.
C) They can withstand irradiation.
D) They can remain viable for millions of years.
E) They can withstand drying out.

Question 39

Which prokaryotic nutritional group use organic substances for carbon and photons for energy?  

A) Photoautotrophs
B) Chemoautotrophs
C) Photoheterotrophs
D) Chemoheterotrophs
E) Methanoheterotrophs

Question 40

Mycobacteria secrete a waxy coating that makes this disease difficult to treat using antibiotics:  

A) Whooping cough
B) Cholera
C) Lyme disease
D) Impetigo
E) Tuberculosis

Question 41

__________ or __________ extend from many prokaryotic cells and serve in attachment and motility.

Question 42

In which type of bacteria is the outermost layer of the cell a thick wall of peptidoglycan?  

A) Proteobacteria
B) Cyanobacteria
C) Gram-positive bacteria
D) Gram-negative bacteria
E) Chlamydias

Question 43

Answer the following questions using the five groups listed below:
a.halophiles
b.cyanobacteria
c.thermophiles
d.proteobacteria
e.Methanogens
These are the most diverse monophyletic group of bacteria.

Question 44

Answer the following questions using the five groups listed below:
a.halophiles
b.cyanobacteria
c.thermophiles
d.proteobacteria
e.Methanogens
These bacteria can live in water of very high salt concentration.

Question 45

Answer the following questions using the five groups listed below:
a.halophiles
b.cyanobacteria
c.thermophiles
d.proteobacteria
e.Methanogens
The only bacteria that uses the noncyclic photosynthetic pathway.

Question 46

Answer the following questions using the five groups listed below:
a.halophiles
b.cyanobacteria
c.thermophiles
d.proteobacteria
e.Methanogens
These produce CH4.

Question 47

Some viruses cause disease; they act as __________ in humans.

Question 48

Bacteriophages may reproduce using a(n)__________ pathway in which viral DNA becomes part of the host chromosome.

Question 49

What is methanogen?  

A) An organism adapted to life in a highly salty environment
B) An organism that produces a highly salted substance
C) An organism adapted to life in a methane gas environment
D) An organism that produces methane gas as a metabolic by-product
E) An organism that produces methane and carbon dioxide as a metabolic by-product

Question 50

Answer the following questions using the five groups listed below:
a.halophiles
b.cyanobacteria
c.thermophiles
d.proteobacteria
e.Methanogens
These bacteria live in temperatures that are not usually conducive to life.

Question 51

Bacteriophages may multiply by a(n)__________ pathway in which the new viral particles are made quickly and released by lysis.

Question 52

________________ is one of the earliest antibiotics isolated from a fungus that lives in soil; it acts by inhibiting cell wall synthesis.

Question 53

Archaeans include three main groups: methanogens (methane producers),extreme __________ (salt lovers),and extreme __________ (heat lovers).

Question 54

The three types of horizontal gene flow that occur in bacteria are __________,__________,and __________.

Question 55

Which organism obtains energy by removing electrons from inorganic molecules?  

A) Chemoautotroph
B) Chemoheterotroph
C) Photoautotroph
D) Photoheterotroph
E) Electroautotroph

Question 56

What is the shape of cocci?  

A) Linear
B) Tubular
C) Oval
D) Spherical
E) Spring-like