Deck 14: Chromosomes and Human Inheritance

Question 1

A woman heterozygous for color blindness (an X-linked recessive allele)marries a man with normal color vision.What is the probability that their first child (male or female)will be color blind?  

A) 25%
B) 50%
C) 75%
D) 100%
E) 0%

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Human skin color is an outcome of interactions among the products of about how many genes?  

A) 5
B) 20
C) 75
D) 150
E) 350

Answer 2

E

Question 3

A transfer of genes between non-homologous chromosomes is known as  

A) crossing over.
B) aneuploidy.
C) trisomy.
D) translocation.
E) duplication.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Figure 14.3

Which of the following is the genetic condition observed in the woman on the left in the above figure?

A) Huntington's disease
B) Achondroplasia
C) Triple recessive condition
D) Galactosemia
E) Muscular dystrophies

Question 5

Who is a carrier of an X-linked trait?  

A) Homozygous dominant female
B) Heterozygous female
C) Homozygous recessive female
D) Homozygous male
E) Heterozygous male

Question 6

A rare or uncommon version of a trait that is not life-threatening,such as having six fingers on one hand,is called a(n)______.  

A) genetic disorder
B) genetic abnormality
C) mutation
D) non-Mendelian trait
E) polygenic trait

Question 7

Excerpt from Figure 14.8

The accompanying figure represents which chromosomal change?  

A) Inversion
B) Deletion
C) Duplication
D) Translocation
E) Aneuploidy

Question 8

Excerpt from Figure 14.8

The accompanying figure represents which chromosomal change?  

A) Inversion
B) Deletion
C) Duplication
D) Translocation
E) Aneuploidy

Question 9

The probability of producing a normal child by two parents who are carriers for an autosomal recessive disorder is ____.  

A) 0%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%
E) 100%

Question 10

Excerpt from Figure 14.8

The accompanying figure represents which chromosomal change?  

A) Inversion
B) Deletion
C) Duplication
D) Translocation
E) Aneuploidy

Question 11

In humans,which of the following traits is affected by a single gene?  

A) Skin color
B) Adult height
C) Eye color
D) Red hair
E) Eye shape

Question 12

A chromosome's gene sequence that was ABCDEFG before modification and ABCDCDEFG afterward is an example of  

A) inversion.
B) deletion.
C) duplication.
D) translocation.
E) aneuploidy.

Question 13

What do geneticists use along with historical records to track traits through many generations of a family?  

A) Epidemiology
B) Punnett square
C) DNA polymorphisms
D) Mitochondrial analysis
E) Pedigree

Question 14

Which statement about the X chromosome is correct?  

A) The X chromosome carries only the recessive genes in males.
B) X and Y are different in size but carry nearly equal numbers of genes.
C) X chromosome inactivation only occurs in females.
D) The X chromosome carries only gender-related genes.
E) The X chromosome carries the SRY gene.

Question 15

If a daughter expresses an X-linked recessive trait,she inherited the trait from ____.  

A) her mother
B) her father
C) both parents
D) neither parent
E) her grandmother

Question 16

Males tend to be affected in greater numbers by X-linked recessive genetic disorders than are females because  

A) expression of the recessive gene is inactivated by the other X chromosome in females.
B) males have only one X chromosome.
C) males have a double dose of the gene.
D) Y chromosomes are destabilized by the X chromosomes.
E) females have only one X chromosome.

Question 17

The potential causes of chromosomal aberrations include

A) viruses only.
B) radiation only.
C) a set of specific chemicals.
D) viruses and radiation only.
E) viruses, radiation, and various chemicals.

Question 18

Polyploidy can be described as ____.  

A) only occurring artificially
B) only occurring when there is one set of chromosomes
C) fatal to all living things
D) occurring in about 20% of flowering plants
E) fatal in humans but common in flowering plants

Question 19

A chromosome's gene sequence that was ABCDEFG before damage and ABFEDCG after is an example of

A) inversion.
B) deletion.
C) duplication.
D) translocation.
E) aneuploidy.

Question 20

Achondroplasia ____.  

A) is inherited as an autosomal recessive condition
B) affects about one in one million people
C) affects only homozygotes
D) is characterized by abnormally short arms and legs
E) is inherited as an X-linked disorder

Question 21

Choose the most appropriate answer for each.

-inversion

A)3n; generally sterile
B)a chromosome segment is permanently transferred to a nonhomologous chromosome
C)(2n - 1); a zygote deprived of a chromosome
D)a repeat of a particular DNA sequence in the same chromosome or in nonhomologous ones
E)(2n + 1); three chromosomes of the same kind are present in a set of chromosomes
F)a piece of the chromosome is inadvertently left out during the repair process
G)a chromosome segment that has been cut out and rejoined at the same place, but backward

Question 22

Which syndrome is characterized by a karyotype with 45 chromosomes?  

A) Turner
B) Down
C) Androgen insensitivity
D) Klinefelter
E) Cri-du-chat

Question 23

A prenatal diagnosis procedure that can be performed earlier than amniocentesis involves sampling the _____.  

A) yolk sac material
B) allantois
C) chorion
D) yolk sac
E) umbilical cord

Question 24

Down syndrome involves trisomy ____.  

A) 3
B) 5
C) 15
D) 19
E) 21

Question 25

Choose the most appropriate answer for each.

-duplication

A)3n; generally sterile
B)a chromosome segment is permanently transferred to a nonhomologous chromosome
C)(2n - 1); a zygote deprived of a chromosome
D)a repeat of a particular DNA sequence in the same chromosome or in nonhomologous ones
E)(2n + 1); three chromosomes of the same kind are present in a set of chromosomes
F)a piece of the chromosome is inadvertently left out during the repair process
G)a chromosome segment that has been cut out and rejoined at the same place, but backward

Question 26

Changes in chromosome number are usually the result of  

A) genetic displacement.
B) trisomy.
C) crossing over.
D) nondisjunction.
E) disjunction.

Question 27

__________ is a diagnostic tool that reveals missing or extra chromosomes and some structural changes in an individual's chromosomes.

Question 28

The failure of chromosomes to separate during mitosis or meiosis is called  

A) genetic displacement.
B) trisomy.
C) crossing over.
D) nondisjunction.
E) disjunction.

Question 29

What is the sex chromosome composition of a person with Turner syndrome?  

A) XXX
B) XO
C) XXY
D) XYY
E) YY

Question 30

It is now possible to analyze the genetics of an in vitro fertilized embryo by  

A) fetoscopy.
B) amniocentesis.
C) chorionic villi sampling.
D) preimplantation diagnosis.
E) postimplantation diagnosis.

Question 31

Choose the most appropriate answer for each.
a.3n; generally sterile
b.a chromosome segment is permanently transferred to a nonhomologous chromosome
c.(2n - 1); a zygote deprived of a chromosome
d.a repeat of a particular DNA sequence in the same chromosome or in nonhomologous ones
e.(2n + 1); three chromosomes of the same kind are present in a set of chromosomes
f.a piece of the chromosome is inadvertently left out during the repair process
g.a chromosome segment that has been cut out and rejoined at the same place, but backward
deletion

Question 32

Choose the most appropriate answer for each.
a.3n; generally sterile
b.a chromosome segment is permanently transferred to a nonhomologous chromosome
c.(2n - 1); a zygote deprived of a chromosome
d.a repeat of a particular DNA sequence in the same chromosome or in nonhomologous ones
e.(2n + 1); three chromosomes of the same kind are present in a set of chromosomes
f.a piece of the chromosome is inadvertently left out during the repair process
g.a chromosome segment that has been cut out and rejoined at the same place, but backward
translocation

Question 33

Rarely,a chromosome's structure becomes altered when part of it undergoes duplication,deletion,insertion,__________,or __________.

Question 34

Males that tend to be taller than average and show mild mental impairment may have  

A) XXY chromosomes.
B) XYY chromosomes.
C) Turner syndrome.
D) Down syndrome.
E) Klinefelter syndrome.

Question 35

Amniocentesis involves sampling  

A) the fetus directly.
B) the fetal cells floating in the amniotic fluid.
C) sperm.
D) blood cells.
E) placental cells.

Question 36

Symptoms of phenylketonuria (PKU)may be minimized or suppressed by a diet low in  

A) serine.
B) glycine.
C) phenylalanine.
D) proline.
E) glutamic acid.

Question 37

Single-gene disorders are described by all of the following except  

A) they occur in 1 out of every 100 people.
B) they are cannot be tracked using a pedigree chart.
C) we know the most about them compared to other types of disorders.
D) they could be caused by dominant or recessive allele.
E) causative alleles may persist in the population due to a survival advantage.

Question 38

Amniocentesis is _____.  

A) a surgical means of repairing deformities
B) a form of chemotherapy that modifies or inhibits gene expression or the function of gene products
C) used in prenatal diagnosis to detect chromosomal mutations and metabolic disorders in embryos
D) a form of gene replacement therapy
E) commonly performed on newborns

Question 39

What is the sex chromosome composition of a person with Klinefelter syndrome?  

A) XXX
B) XO
C) XXY
D) XYY
E) YY

Question 40

In achondroplasia,a ____________ condition could result in severe skeletal malformations that are lethal before birth or shortly after.

Question 41

Answer the following questions in reference to the five items listed below.
a.12
b.23
c.24
d.46
e.47
Following a gene duplication event involving only five loci,how many chromosomes will a human female have?

Question 42

Select the best process listed below for each of the following statements. Note that you need to know that the sequence of amino acids directly reflects the sequence of genes that coded for their placement.
a.Inversion
b.Deletion
c.Gene duplication
d.Translocation
e.Insertion
Homologous sets of genes ABCDEF and aBCdEF are located on nonhomologous chromosomes.Crossing over between them is suppressed because their locations are the result of this.

Question 43

Match the cause with the disorder.
a.autosomal recessive inheritance resulting in abnormally low melanin levels
b.nondisjunction of the twenty-first chromosomal pair
c.X-linked recessive inheritance
d.nondisjunction of the sex chromosomes
Down syndrome

Question 44

Select the best process listed below for each of the following statements. Note that you need to know that the sequence of amino acids directly reflects the sequence of genes that coded for their placement.
a.Inversion
b.Deletion
c.Gene duplication
d.Translocation
e.Insertion
The nucleotide sequences of homologous regions of DNA of two species are AATGCCCCGTTA and AATGCCCCGCTTA.If this is not the result of a nucleotide base-pair addition,then it is most likely the result of this.

Question 45

Select the best process listed below for each of the following statements. Note that you need to know that the sequence of amino acids directly reflects the sequence of genes that coded for their placement.
a.Inversion
b.Deletion
c.Gene duplication
d.Translocation
e.Insertion
Homologous sets of genes ABCDEF and AEDCBF are located on homologous chromosomes.

Question 46

Select the disorder that best matches each the following statements.
a.Tay-Sachs disease
b.Turner syndrome
c.Progeria
d.Hemophilia A
e.Down syndrome
This disorder is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by premature aging of body tissues.

Question 47

Match the cause with the disorder.
a.autosomal recessive inheritance resulting in abnormally low melanin levels
b.nondisjunction of the twenty-first chromosomal pair
c.X-linked recessive inheritance
d.nondisjunction of the sex chromosomes
albinism

Question 48

Answer the following questions in reference to the five items listed below.
a.12
b.23
c.24
d.46
e.47
How many chromosomes are present in each cell of the germ cell line for a tetraploid species whose diploid complement of chromosomes is 48?

Question 49

Match the cause with the disorder.
a.autosomal recessive inheritance resulting in abnormally low melanin levels
b.nondisjunction of the twenty-first chromosomal pair
c.X-linked recessive inheritance
d.nondisjunction of the sex chromosomes
hemophilia A

Question 50

Select the best process listed below for each of the following statements. Note that you need to know that the sequence of amino acids directly reflects the sequence of genes that coded for their placement.
a.Inversion
b.Deletion
c.Gene duplication
d.Translocation
e.Insertion
A small region of a protein from three species is sequenced and found to be as follows:
species X is alanine,glycine,glycine,threonine,alanine
species Y is alanine,glycine,threonine,alanine
species Z is alanine,glycine,glycine,threonine,alanine
The difference in the amino acid sequence of species Y is most likely due to this.

Question 51

Choose the most appropriate answer for each.
a.3n; generally sterile
b.a chromosome segment is permanently transferred to a nonhomologous chromosome
c.(2n - 1); a zygote deprived of a chromosome
d.a repeat of a particular DNA sequence in the same chromosome or in nonhomologous ones
e.(2n + 1); three chromosomes of the same kind are present in a set of chromosomes
f.a piece of the chromosome is inadvertently left out during the repair process
g.a chromosome segment that has been cut out and rejoined at the same place, but backward
trisomy

Question 52

Answer the following questions in reference to the five items listed below.
a.12
b.23
c.24
d.46
e.47
How many chromosomes does each somatic cell have in a human male who has two X chromosomes?

Question 53

Choose the most appropriate answer for each.
a.3n; generally sterile
b.a chromosome segment is permanently transferred to a nonhomologous chromosome
c.(2n - 1); a zygote deprived of a chromosome
d.a repeat of a particular DNA sequence in the same chromosome or in nonhomologous ones
e.(2n + 1); three chromosomes of the same kind are present in a set of chromosomes
f.a piece of the chromosome is inadvertently left out during the repair process
g.a chromosome segment that has been cut out and rejoined at the same place, but backward
triploidy

Question 54

Select the best process listed below for each of the following statements. Note that you need to know that the sequence of amino acids directly reflects the sequence of genes that coded for their placement.
a.Inversion
b.Deletion
c.Gene duplication
d.Translocation
e.Insertion
Homologous sets of genes ABCDEF and ABCDEF are located on nonhomologous chromosomes.

Question 55

Match the cause with the disorder.
a.autosomal recessive inheritance resulting in abnormally low melanin levels
b.nondisjunction of the twenty-first chromosomal pair
c.X-linked recessive inheritance
d.nondisjunction of the sex chromosomes
red-green color blindness

Question 56

Match the cause with the disorder.
a.autosomal recessive inheritance resulting in abnormally low melanin levels
b.nondisjunction of the twenty-first chromosomal pair
c.X-linked recessive inheritance
d.nondisjunction of the sex chromosomes
Turner syndrome

Question 57

Select the best process listed below for each of the following statements. Note that you need to know that the sequence of amino acids directly reflects the sequence of genes that coded for their placement.
a.Inversion
b.Deletion
c.Gene duplication
d.Translocation
e.Insertion
A small region of a protein from three species is sequenced and found to be as follows:
species X is alanine,glycine,threonine,alanine
species Y is alanine,glycine,threonine,alanine
species Z is alanine,valine,glycine,threonine,alanine
The difference in the amino acid sequence of species Z is most likely due to this.

Question 58

Answer the following questions in reference to the five items listed below.
a.12
b.23
c.24
d.46
e.47
How many chromosomes are present in the somatic cells of a child born with Down syndrome (trisomy 21)?

Question 59

Choose the most appropriate answer for each.
a.3n; generally sterile
b.a chromosome segment is permanently transferred to a nonhomologous chromosome
c.(2n - 1); a zygote deprived of a chromosome
d.a repeat of a particular DNA sequence in the same chromosome or in nonhomologous ones
e.(2n + 1); three chromosomes of the same kind are present in a set of chromosomes
f.a piece of the chromosome is inadvertently left out during the repair process
g.a chromosome segment that has been cut out and rejoined at the same place, but backward
monosomy

Question 60

Answer the following questions in reference to the five items listed below.
a.12
b.23
c.24
d.46
e.47
The normal sperm cell of species X carries 11 chromosomes.Following nondisjunction in the formation of secondary spermatocytes and their subsequent fertilization of normal ova,some of the zygotes will have 21 chromosomes,and the remainder will have how many chromosomes?

Question 61

Huntington's disease is a late-onset autosomal dominant disorder.What is the chance that a heterozygous woman with the disease will pass the affected allele on to her children?  

A) 0%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%
E) 100%

Question 62

A father who has red-green color blindness and a mother who has normal vision may have the following child:  

A) Color blind male child
B) Color blind female child
C) Normal vision male child only
D) Normal vision female child only.
E) Normal vision male or female child.

Question 63

In humans,an X-linked disorder called coloboma iridia (a fissure in the iris)is a recessive trait.A normal couple has an afflicted daughter.What would be the most plausible scenario for this situation?  

A) The mother carries two recessive alleles.
B) The father carries one recessive allele, and the mother carries one recessive allele.
C) The female is not the biological mother, but the male is the biological father.
D) The male is not the biological father, but the female is the biological mother.
E) Both parents are heterozygous for the trait.

Question 64

An X-linked recessive gene (c)produces red-green color blindness.A normal woman whose father was color blind marries a color-blind man.What are the chances that the first son will be color blind?  

A) 0%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%
E) 100%

Question 65

Color blindness is an X-linked recessive trait.Two normal-vision parents produce a color-blind child.The child's sex is _____________.

Question 66

Some autosomal dominant diseases do not run in the family because they are lethal before the affected individual can __________.

Question 67

A mother expresses the symptoms for Huntington's disease,an autosomal dominant trait.What are the chances that her offspring would carry a mutated allele if her partner is unaffected by the disease?  

A) 0-25%
B) 25-50%
C) 50-100%
D) 75%
E) 100%

Question 68

Select the disorder that best matches each the following statements.
a.Tay-Sachs disease
b.Turner syndrome
c.Progeria
d.Hemophilia A
e.Down syndrome
This disorder is an X-linked recessive trait.

Question 69

Select the disorder that best matches each the following statements.
a.Tay-Sachs disease
b.Turner syndrome
c.Progeria
d.Hemophilia A
e.Down syndrome
This disorder is due to a sex chromosome abnormality probably caused by nondisjunction of sex chromosomes at meiosis.

Question 70

Hemophilia is caused by an X-linked recessive gene.A normal woman whose father had hemophilia marries a normal man.What are the chances of hemophilia in their children?  

A) All females would be normal.
B) All females would be carriers.
C) All males would have hemophilia.
D) All females would have hemophilia.
E) Half of the women would have hemophilia.

Question 71

Select the disorder that best matches each the following statements.
a.Tay-Sachs disease
b.Turner syndrome
c.Progeria
d.Hemophilia A
e.Down syndrome
This disorder is also known as trisomy 21.

Question 72

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD),a recessive condition,most commonly occurs in boys.This pattern of inheritance is ________________.

Question 73

Red-green color blindness is an X-linked recessive trait (dominant allele denoted as C).Two normal-vision parents have a color-blind son.The genotypes of the father,mother,and son are respectively _____,_____,_____.

Question 74

In humans,which genetic mechanism led to the formation of the X and Y chromosomes?  

A) Translocation
B) Nondisjunction
C) Inversion
D) Reduced crossing over
E) Insertion

Question 75

Select the disorder that best matches each the following statements.
a.Tay-Sachs disease
b.Turner syndrome
c.Progeria
d.Hemophilia A
e.Down syndrome
This disorder is an autosomal recessive disorder that results in the body's inability to break down lipids.

Question 76

Which nondisjunction disorder must be due to an event in sperm development?  

A) XO
B) XXX
C) XXY
D) XYY
E) Trisomy 21