Deck 13: Observing Patterns in Inherited Traits

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Question
For Mendel's law of segregation requires that  

A) the genes for the traits he studied must be located on the same chromosome.
B) two alleles at any locus are distributed into separate gametes during meiosis.
C) genes are not transmitted independently of each other.
D) chromosomes be duplicated by mitosis.
E) only triploid organisms demonstrate inheritance patterns.
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Question
Genes at one locus that affect the expression of genes at a different locus are said to be  

A) epistatic.
B) linked.
C) codominant.
D) continuous.
E) alleles.
Question
Mendel's dihybrid crosses,but not his monohybrid crosses,show that  

A) some genes are linked together.
B) the two alleles controlling a trait are divided equally among the gametes.
C) alleles for different traits are inherited independently.
D) one of the pair of alleles is dominant to the other.
E) the crossing of two different homozygous forms will not produce any offspring in the first generation that will look like either of the parents.
Question
A gene that produces multiple effects is called a(n)  

A) multiple allele.
B) autosome.
C) epistatic gene.
D) pleiotropic gene.
E) incompletely dominant gene.
Question
Which of the following states (in modern terms)that a diploid cell has two alleles of every gene-one on each homologous chromosome-that are distributed into separate gametes during meiosis?  

A) Law of segregation
B) Monohybrid cross
C) Law of independent assortment
D) Testcross
E) Allelic inheritance
Question
All of the following pea plant feature were favorable to the success of Mendel's experiments,except  

A) true-breeding varieties were available.
B) the plant can self-fertilize.
C) the plant can be cross-fertilized.
D) plant fertilization could be controlled artificially.
E) the short life cycle of the pea plant.
Question
The ABO blood types are an example of ____.  

A) pleiotropy and polygenic inheritance
B) multiple alleles and continuous variation
C) incomplete dominance
D) codominance and epistasis
E) multiple alleles and codominance
Question
What is a method of determining the genotype of an individual with a dominant phenotype?  

A) Monohybrid cross
B) Testcross
C) Law of segregation
D) Genetic analysis
E) Genetic fingerprinting
Question
An individual with a genetic makeup of aa BB is called  

A) true-breeding.
B) recessive.
C) hybrid.
D) dihybrid.
E) heterozygous.
Question
Figure 13.11
<strong>Figure 13.11   The F2 phenotypic ratio of 9:3:4,as shown above,is a result of a cross involving  </strong> A) two genes expressing complete dominance. B) a gene expressing dominance and another gene expressing codominance. C) two genes expressing codominance. D) epistasis, in which one gene modifies the expression of the other gene. E) multiple alleles. <div style=padding-top: 35px>
The F2 phenotypic ratio of 9:3:4,as shown above,is a result of a cross involving  

A) two genes expressing complete dominance.
B) a gene expressing dominance and another gene expressing codominance.
C) two genes expressing codominance.
D) epistasis, in which one gene modifies the expression of the other gene.
E) multiple alleles.
Question
Figure 13.7
<strong>Figure 13.7   Which offspring in the illustration above are homozygous recessive for both traits?  </strong> A) PPTT B) ppTT C) PpTt D) pptt E) PPtt <div style=padding-top: 35px>
Which offspring in the illustration above are homozygous recessive for both traits?  

A) PPTT
B) ppTT
C) PpTt
D) pptt
E) PPtt
Question
Which of the following diagrams is used to predict the genotypic and phenotypic outcome of a cross?  

A) Pedigree
B) Testcross
C) Punnett square
D) Phylogenetic tree
E) Venn diagram
Question
Figure 13.6
<strong>Figure 13.6   Using the accompanying illustration and the assumption that half of a plant's sperm and eggs are p and half are P,one can predict that the chance of sperm p meeting egg P at fertilization is ____.  </strong> A) 50% B) 75% C) 25% D) ½ X ¼ E) 100-% <div style=padding-top: 35px>
Using the accompanying illustration and the assumption that half of a plant's sperm and eggs are p and half are P,one can predict that the chance of sperm p meeting egg P at fertilization is ____.  

A) 50%
B) 75%
C) 25%
D) ½ X ¼
E) 100-%
Question
Figure 13.10
<strong>Figure 13.10    -The accompanying illustration shows the F<sub>2 </sub>phenotypes from a monohybrid cross in snapdragons.What type of inheritance produces such an outcome?  </strong> A) Complete dominance B) Incomplete dominance C) Multiple alleles D) Continuous variation E) Epistasis <div style=padding-top: 35px>

-The accompanying illustration shows the F2 phenotypes from a monohybrid cross in snapdragons.What type of inheritance produces such an outcome?  

A) Complete dominance
B) Incomplete dominance
C) Multiple alleles
D) Continuous variation
E) Epistasis
Question
Various forms that a single gene can take at a given locus are called  

A) kinetochores.
B) alleles.
C) autosomes.
D) loci.
E) chromatids.
Question
A gene locus is  

A) a recessive gene.
B) an unmatched allele.
C) a sex chromosome.
D) the location of a gene on a chromosome.
E) a dominant gene.
Question
A cross between two individuals identically heterozygous for one gene is called ______.  

A) dihybrid cross
B) monohybrid cross
C) testcross
D) Punnett square
E) hybridization
Question
According to Mendel,if a male that is homozygous for the dominant form (PP)of a trait is crossed with a female that is homozygous for the recessive (pp)form of a trait,all offspring will show the ____ form of the trait.  

A) sex-linked
B) dominant
C) recessive
D) codominant
E) lethal
Question
The most accurate description of an organism with genotype AaBb is  

A) homozygous dominant.
B) heterozygous.
C) heterozygous dominant.
D) homozygous recessive.
E) heterozygous recessive.
Question
In ____,a pair of nonidentical alleles affecting the phenotypes of a given trait are both expressed at the same time in heterozygotes.  

A) pleiotropy
B) polygenic inheritance
C) complete dominance
D) codominance
E) a multiple allele system
Question
Pleiotropic genes ____.  

A) act on secondary sexual characteristics
B) influence more than one aspect of phenotype
C) are additive
D) Always produce lethal effects when homozygous
E) can only affect one trait or characteristic at a time
Question
In which of the following does the environment play a causal role?  

A) Marfan syndrome
B) Cystic fibrosis
C) Dog coat color
D) Sickle-cell anemia
E) Depression and schizophrenia
Question
The role of environmental factors on gene expression is illustrated by ____.  

A) the varying plant height of genetically identical yarrow plants when grown at different elevations
B) the flower color of hydrangeas
C) the coloration in snapdragon plants
D) male-pattern baldness
E) genetic variety in eye color
Question
A pattern of inheritance in which the form of a single trait is collectively determined by alleles of several genes is called _______.  

A) polygenic inheritance
B) pleiotropic
C) multiple allele system
D) codominance
E) epigenetic
Question
The ability of rats to cope with stress as adults can be affected by ____.  

A) a nurturing mother
B) the number of siblings they have
C) the temperature they are raised in
D) the altitude they are born at
E) their sex
Question
Answer the following questions using the group of answers below.
a.4
b.6
c.8
d.12
e.24
In a dihybrid cross between a parent that is a double heterozygote (Aa Bb)and a parent that is homozygous recessive for one gene and heterozygous for the other (aa Bb),how many unique phenotypes potentially will be present in their offspring?
Question
Four of the following will stimulate the production of males in water fleas.Which one is the exception?

A) Spring
B) Warm water
C) Salty water
D) High competition for resources
E) Crowding
Question
Answer the following questions using the group of answers below.
a.4
b.6
c.8
d.12
e.24
In a dihybrid cross between a parent that is a double heterozygote (Aa Bb)and a parent that is homozygous dominant for one gene and heterozygous for the other (AA Bb),how many unique genotypes potentially will be present in their offspring?
Question
In the classic argument of 'nature vs.nurture,' nature would most correspond with  

A) genes.
B) environment.
C) divine intervention.
D) environment and genes.
E) genes, environment, and genes.
Question
A bell-shaped curve of phenotypic variation is indicative of  

A) incomplete dominance.
B) continuous variation.
C) multiple alleles.
D) epistasis.
E) environmental variables on phenotypes.
Question
Which of the following is true about Marfan syndrome?  

A) The cause is an autosomal recessive mutation.
B) The affected gene produces a defective form of the protein actin.
C) Connective tissues comprising the heart and blood vessels are weakened.
D) One in 5,000 men are affected.
E) Those affected are often very short and have mental impairments.
Question
What pattern of inheritance shows the full and separate phenotypic effects of two alleles that are present in heterozygous individuals?  

A) Codominance
B) Epistasis
C) Pleiotropic
D) Incomplete dominance
E) Continuous variation
Question
Height,weight,and eye color are examples of phenotypes that illustrate  

A) codominance.
B) continuous variation.
C) pleiotropy.
D) incomplete dominance.
E) multiple allele systems.
Question
Figure 13.15
<strong>Figure 13.15   A graph of phenotypic variation similar to the accompanying illustration strongly suggests  </strong> A) incomplete dominance. B) codominance. C) epistasis. D) polygenic inheritance. E) environmental effects on phenotype. <div style=padding-top: 35px>
A graph of phenotypic variation similar to the accompanying illustration strongly suggests  

A) incomplete dominance.
B) codominance.
C) epistasis.
D) polygenic inheritance.
E) environmental effects on phenotype.
Question
Which of the following is a form of polygenic inheritance in which the effect of an allele on a trait masks the effect of a different gene?  

A) Pleiotropic
B) Epistasis
C) Codominance
D) Incomplete dominance
E) Continuous variation
Question
In humans,environmental factors causing stress can impact  

A) the development of all autosomal disorders.
B) the development of autosomal recessive disorders.
C) the development of autosomal dominant disorders.
D) multiple allele systems.
E) epigenetic DNA modifications.
Question
Which eye color has dense melanin deposits in the iris?  

A) Blue
B) Gray
C) Brown
D) Green
E) Brown and blue
Question
The gene for human ABO blood type,for which three or more alleles persist in a population at a relatively high frequency,is an example of _______.  

A) multiple allele system
B) polygenic inheritance
C) incomplete dominance
D) epistasis
E) continuous variation
Question
Environmental effects can cause the following responses except  

A) altered metabolic pathways.
B) altered response to stress.
C) altered genotypes.
D) altered reproductive patterns.
E) altered phenotypes.
Question
Which most completely describes the circumstances under which yarrow will alter its phenotype?  

A) Temperature, soil conditions, and water conditions
B) Soil conditions only
C) Being produced by sexual versus asexual reproduction
D) Water conditions only
E) Asexual reproduction, soil conditions, and water conditions
Question
In garden peas,one pair of alleles controls the height of the plant,and a second pair of alleles controls flower color.The allele for tall (D)is dominant to the allele for dwarf (d),and the allele for purple (P)is dominant to the allele for white (p).A tall plant with white flowers crossed with a dwarf plant with purple flowers produces 1/4 tall purple,1/4 tall white,1/4 dwarf purple,and 1/4 dwarf white.What is the genotype of the parents?  

A) Dd Pp x Dd pp
B) Dd Pp x Dd Pp
C) DD Pp x dd Pp
D) Dd pp x dd Pp
E) DD Pp x dd pp
Question
In horses,black coat color is influenced by the dominant allele (B),and chestnut coat color is influenced by the recessive allele (b).Trotting gait is due to a dominant gene (T),pacing gait to the recessive allele (t).If a homozygous black trotter is crossed to a chestnut pacer,which phenotype will be the most common in the F2 generation?  

A) Black pacer
B) Black trotter
C) Chestnut trotter
D) Chestnut pacer
E) Both black and chestnut pacers
Question
In humans,normal skin pigmentation is influenced by a dominant gene (C),which allows pigmentation to develop.All individuals who are homozygous for the recessive allele (c)are unable to produce an enzyme needed for melanin formation and are therefore referred to as albino.Two normal parents produce an albino child.What are the chances that the next child will be an albino?  

A) 1/2 chance
B) 2/3 chance
C) 1/4 chance
D) 1/8 chance
E) no chance
Question
Answer the following questions using the group of answers below.

-In a dihybrid cross between a parent that is a double heterozygote (Aa Bb)and a parent that is a double homozygous recessive (aa bb),how many unique phenotypes potentially will be present in their offspring?

A)4
B)6
C)8
D)12
E)24
Question
Assume that plants with red flowers crossed with plants with white flowers give rise to plants with pink flowers.You can eliminate the plants with red flowers by crossing ________-flowered plants for the first generation,and _________-flowered plants for the second.
Question
Tall (D)is dominant to dwarf (d).If a true-breeding tall plant is crossed with a true-breeding dwarf plant,the F2 generation will have a tall:dwarf phenotypic ratio of __________.
Question
Answer the following questions using the group of answers below.
a.4
b.6
c.8
d.12
e.24
Plant species X is diploid (2n = 24)and has a quantitative trait,the expression of which is controlled by gene loci on each of its chromosomes.What is the maximum number of alleles for this trait that any one individual of species X could have?
Question
In garden peas,one pair of alleles controls the height of the plant,and a second pair of alleles controls flower color.The allele for tall (D)is dominant to the allele for dwarf (d),and the allele for purple (P)is dominant to the allele for white (p).A tall plant with purple flowers crossed with a tall plant with purple flowers produces 3/4 tall purple and 1/4 tall white.What is the genotype of the parents?  

A) Dd Pp x Dd pp
B) Dd Pp x DD Pp
C) DD Pp x dd Pp
D) Dd pp x dd Pp
E) DD Pp x dd pp
Question
In garden peas,one pair of alleles controls the height of the plant,and a second pair of alleles controls flower color.The allele for tall (D)is dominant to the allele for dwarf (d),and the allele for purple (P)is dominant to the allele for white (p).A tall plant with purple flowers crossed with a dwarf plant with white flowers produces 1/4 tall purple,1/4 tall white,1/4 dwarf purple,and 1/4 dwarf white.What is the genotype of the parents?  

A) Dd Pp x dd pp
B) Dd Pp x Dd Pp
C) DD Pp x dd Pp
D) Dd pp x dd Pp
E) DD Pp x dd pp
Question
In garden peas,one pair of alleles controls the height of the plant,and a second pair of alleles controls flower color.The allele for tall (D)is dominant to the allele for dwarf (d),and the allele for purple (P)is dominant to the allele for white (p).A tall plant with white flowers crossed with a dwarf plant with purple flowers produces all tall offspring with purple flowers.What is the genotype of the parents?  

A) Dd Pp x Dd pp
B) Dd Pp x Dd Pp
C) DD pp x dd PP
D) Dd pp x dd Pp
E) DD Pp x dd pp
Question
In radishes,long or round are homozygous forms of an incompletely dominant gene,and oval is the phenotype of the heterozygote.If a long radish is crossed with a round radish,which of the following phenotypic ratios of the F2 generation is correct?  

A) all round
B) all oval
C) 1/2 long, 1/2 oval
D) 1 long, 2 oval, 1 round
E) 1/2 oval, 1/2 round
Question
In horses,black coat color is influenced by the dominant allele (B),and chestnut coat color by the recessive allele (b).Trotting gait is due to a dominant gene (T),pacing gait to the recessive allele (t).Give the phenotype and genotype of the horse you would use in a testcross to determine the genotype of a black trotter.  

A) Black pacer, BB tt
B) Black trotter, BB TT
C) Chestnut trotter, Bb Tt
D) Chestnut pacer, bb tt
E) Chestnut pacer, Bb tt
Question
In garden peas,one pair of alleles controls the height of the plant,and a second pair of alleles controls flower color.The allele for tall (D)is dominant to the allele for dwarf (d),and the allele for purple (P)is dominant to the allele for white (p).A tall plant with purple flowers crossed with a tall plant with white flowers produces 3/8 tall purple,1/8 tall white,3/8 dwarf purple,and 1/8 dwarf white.What is the genotype of the parents?  

A) Dd Pp x Dd pp
B) Dd Pp x Dd Pp
C) DD Pp x dd Pp
D) Dd pp x dd Pp
E) DD Pp x dd pp
Question
Crosses between a yellow rat with a yellow rat always produce yellow offspring.Crosses between a white rat with a white rat always produce white offspring.The alleles affect the same aspect of coat color.The cross of a white rat with a yellow rat produces a cream rat.This type of inheritance pattern is called _______________?
Question
A pure-breeding population of a __________ trait is easier to establish from a mixed population.
Question
The allele for albinism (c)is recessive to the allele for normal pigmentation (C).A normally pigmented woman whose father is an albino marries an albino man whose parents are normal.They have three children,two normal and one albino.What would be the genotype for the two normal children?  

A) Cc
B) cc
C) CC
D) either CC or Cc
E) either Cc or cc
Question
A breeder of cattle has a herd of white cows and a roan bull.Hair color in this breed is controlled by an incompletely dominant gene.The two homozygous forms are either red or white,and the heterozygous is roan.What colors of calves are expected and in what proportions?  

A) All white
B) All red
C) 1/2 white, 1/2 roan
D) 1 white, 2 roan, 1 red
E) 1/2 white, 1/2 red
Question
Answer the following questions using the group of answers below.
a.4
b.6
c.8
d.12
e.24
Animal species X is tetraploid (4n = 12).Following gene duplication and translocation,a given gene is found on each chromosome.How many alleles for this gene can be present in an individual of this species?
Question
In garden peas,one pair of alleles controls the height of the plant,and a second pair of alleles controls flower color.The allele for tall (D)is dominant to the allele for dwarf (d),and the allele for purple (P)is dominant to the allele for white (p).A tall plant with purple flowers crossed with a dwarf plant with white flowers produces 1/2 tall with purple flowers and 1/2 tall with white flowers.What is the genotype of the parents?  

A) Dd Pp x Dd pp
B) Dd Pp x Dd Pp
C) DD Pp x dd Pp
D) Dd pp x dd Pp
E) DD Pp x dd pp
Question
In a certain plant,when individuals with blue flowers are crossed with individuals with blue flowers,only blue flowers are produced.Plants with red flowers crossed with plants with red flowers sometimes produce only red flowers,although other times they produce either red or blue flowers.When plants with red flowers are crossed with plants with blue flowers,sometimes only red flowers are produced; other times either red or blue flowers are produced.Which of the following is true?  

A) Red is dominant
B) Blue is dominant
C) Red is recessive
D) Red is codominant
E) Red is incompletely dominant
Question
A cross of two Kerry horses always produces Kerry offspring.A cross of a Kerry with a Dexter produces 1/2 Kerry and 1/2 Dexter offspring.Crosses of two Dexters produce two Dexters for every Kerry.This pattern of inheritance,in which the F2 generation deviates from the expected ratios,suggests a _______ homozygous recessive trait.
Question
In a certain breed of chicken,two genes control color.A dominant allele (I)inhibits the expression of any color gene (C).The recessive allele (c)results in albinism when homozygous (cc).The F2 phenotypic ratios of a cross between a colored chicken (ii CC)with a white chicken (II cc)would be ____white,_____ colored.
Question
In sweet peas,dominant alleles C and P are necessary for colored flowers.In the absence of either (__ pp or cc __)or both (cc pp),the flowers are white.A cross between a plant with colored flowers and a plant with white flowers that produced 38 plants with colored flowers and 42 plants with white flowers could be written as _______.
Question
There are three alleles controlling the ABO blood types.IA and IB are codominant genes so that the combination IAIB produces the AB blood type.The third allele,i,is recessive to the other two alleles.Which of the following combinations of parents (with blood types on the left)and child (with blood type listed on the right)is NOT possible?  

A) A ´ AB = B
B) A ´ O    = A
C) A ´ B    = O
D) A ´ AB = O
E) A ´ AB = B
Question
In tomatoes,red (R)is dominant to yellow (r),tall (D)is dominant to dwarf (d),and smooth (H)is dominant to hairy (h).How many possible different phenotypes are there in relationship to these three characteristics?  

A) 6
B) 8
C) 9
D) 16
E) 27
Question
In poultry,the genes for rose comb (R)and pea comb (P)produce walnut whenever they occur together (R__ P__); single-combed individuals have the homozygous condition for both genes (rr pp).Give the phenotypic results of a cross of Rr Pp x rr Pp  

A) 9/16 walnut, 3/16 rose, 3-16 pea, 1/16 single
B) 3/8 walnut, 3/8 pea, 1/8 rose, 1/8 single
C) 3/4 walnut, 1/4 rose
D) 1/4 walnut, 1/4 rose, 1/4 pea, 1/4 single
E) 1/4 walnut, 1/4 rose, 1/4 pea, 1/4 single
Question
In a certain breed of chicken,an incompletely dominant gene controls color.The homozygous black (BB),when crossed with the homozygous splashed-white (bb),produces an intermediate gray color pattern referred to as blue.A second gene controls the shape of the comb.The dominant allele (R)produces rose,whereas the recessive allele (r)produces single.A cross between a true-breeding black with a single comb and a true-breeding splashed-white with a rose comb will produce a total of _______ different phenotypes in the F2 generation.
Question
True-breeding yellow guinea pigs crossed with true-breeding white ones produce only cream-colored offspring.This pattern indicates incomplete dominance.Rough hair is found to be dominant to smooth hair.Select the F1 genotypic and phenotypic ratios of a cross between a smooth,white guinea pig with a homozygous,rough,yellow guinea pig from the following choices.  

A) rough cream Yy Rr
B) yellow rough YY R__
C) cream rough Yy R__
D) white rough yy R__
E) cream smooth Yy rr
Question
White fruit color in summer squash is influenced by a dominant allele W,whereas colored fruit must be ww.In the presence of ww,a dominant gene G results in yellow fruit,and homozygous gg results in green fruit.The F2 phenotypic ratios resulting from a cross of a true-breeding plant with white fruit (genotype WW GG)with a plant with green fruit will result in which phenotypic ratios?  

A) 8/16 white, 4/16 yellow, 4/16 green
B) 12/16 white, 3/16 yellow, 1/16 green
C) 4/16 white, 8/16 yellow, 4/16 green
D) 12/16 white, 2/16 yellow, 2/16 green
E) 8/16 white, 8/16 green
Question
In the late 1920s,a mutation occurred in many silver fox farms around the world.The fox farms that sold expensive furs were proud of the quality of their furs,and each advertised that it had the best,purest breed of all the fox farms.The new mutations produced a "platinum" coat pattern that was commercially desirable,so the farms crossed them to get more.The results of their breeding experiments were as follows: (1)silver ´ silver >>> all silver offspring; (2)silver ´ platinum >>> equal numbers of silver and platinum; (3)platinum ´ platinum >>> two platinum for each silver offspring.Which of the following inheritance patterns explain the breeding results?  

A) Incomplete dominance of the silver trait
B) Codominance of the silver and platinum alleles
C) Multiple alleles exist that cancel out some traits
D) Heterozygotes express the recessive platinum trait
E) Homozygous alleles cause lethal effects
Question
In the garden pea,Mendel found that tall (D)plants,green pods (G),and inflated pods (C)were dominant to dwarf (d)plants,yellow pods (g),and constricted pods (c).Determine the chances of producing the offspring D__ G__ cc from a cross of Dd Gg Cc x Dd Gg Cc.  

A) 1/16
B) 3/16
C) 3/8
D) 9/64
E) 3/8
Question
Congenital deafness in humans is due to the homozygous condition of either of the recessive alleles d or e,or both.Both dominant D and E are necessary for normal hearing.Gene D/d affects the middle ear,while gene E/e affects the inner ear.It does not matter how good the normal inner ear (as indicated by E__)is; if there is something wrong in the middle ear,the individual is unable to hear.The same applies for the other gene.What is the phenotypic result of the cross Dd EE x Dd EE?  

A) 3/4 normal, 1/4 deaf
B) 9/16 normal, 7/16 deaf
C) all normal
D) 3/4 normal, 1/4 deaf
E) all normal
Question
In radishes,two incompletely dominant genes control color and shape.Red (R)is dominant over white (r),and heterozygotes are purple.Long (L)is dominant over round (l),and heterozygotes are oval.If a true-breeding long,red radish is crossed with a purple oval radish,give the F1 phenotypes and their percentages.

A) All long red
B) 25% long red, 25% long purple, 25% oval red, 25% oval purple
C) 25% long red, 50% round purple, 25% round white
D) 25% long red, 50% long purple, 25% oval white
E) 25% oval red, 25% oval purple, 50% round purple
Question
Heritable units of information about traits are called __________.
Question
If you were following the inheritance patterns of two different sets of multiple alleles located on different chromosomes,with locus 1 having five possible alleles and locus 2 having six alleles,there would be a total of _____ different possible gametes produced.
Question
In sweet peas,dominant alleles C and P are necessary for colored flowers.In the absence of either (__ pp or cc __)or both (cc pp),the flowers are white.What the phenotypic ratios be for the cross of Cc pp x cc Pp?  

A) 1/4 color, 3/4 white
B) 9/16 color, 7/16 white
C) 3/4 color, 1/4 white
D) 1/4 color, 3/4 white
E) 1/2 color, 1/2 white
Question
Different molecular forms of the same gene are __________.
Question
In rabbits,there are four alleles at the c locus.Arranged in dominance sequence they are C (agouti),cch (chinchilla),ch (Himalayan),and c (albino) Which of the following crosses will NOT be possible?

A) Two agouti rabbits to produce both chinchilla and Himalayan offspring
B) Two chinchillas to produce 1/2 chinchilla and 1/2 Himalayan
C) Two albino rabbits to produce all albino rabbits
D) One Himalayan and one chinchilla to produce chinchilla rabbits
E) One agouti and one chinchilla to produce agouti rabbits
Question
In horses,there are four alleles at the A locus.Arranged in dominance sequence,they are A (wild),ab (bay),ac (brown),ad (black)
If you bred several bay mares whose sires were brown to a brown stallion whose sire was black,what are the genotypes of the parents; what type of offspring would be produced; and in what proportion?

A) aaad x acad; 1/2 brown, 1/2 black
B) abac x acad; 1/2 bay, 1/2 brown
C) Aab x acad; 1/2 bay, 1/2 wild
D) Aab x acad; all wild
E) adab x acad; all black
Question
In mice,the allele for colored fur (C)is dominant to the allele for albinism (c).The allele for normal behavior (W)is dominant to that for waltzing movement (w).Give the probable genotypes of the parents if a colored normal crossed with a white waltzer produced 10 colored normal,8 colored waltzers,2 white waltzers,and 11 white normal.  

A) Cc Ww x cc ww
B) CC Ww x cc Ww
C) Cc Ww x Cc Ww
D) CC ww x cc ww
E) Cc Ww x Cc ww
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Deck 13: Observing Patterns in Inherited Traits
1
For Mendel's law of segregation requires that  

A) the genes for the traits he studied must be located on the same chromosome.
B) two alleles at any locus are distributed into separate gametes during meiosis.
C) genes are not transmitted independently of each other.
D) chromosomes be duplicated by mitosis.
E) only triploid organisms demonstrate inheritance patterns.
B
2
Genes at one locus that affect the expression of genes at a different locus are said to be  

A) epistatic.
B) linked.
C) codominant.
D) continuous.
E) alleles.
A
3
Mendel's dihybrid crosses,but not his monohybrid crosses,show that  

A) some genes are linked together.
B) the two alleles controlling a trait are divided equally among the gametes.
C) alleles for different traits are inherited independently.
D) one of the pair of alleles is dominant to the other.
E) the crossing of two different homozygous forms will not produce any offspring in the first generation that will look like either of the parents.
C
4
A gene that produces multiple effects is called a(n)  

A) multiple allele.
B) autosome.
C) epistatic gene.
D) pleiotropic gene.
E) incompletely dominant gene.
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5
Which of the following states (in modern terms)that a diploid cell has two alleles of every gene-one on each homologous chromosome-that are distributed into separate gametes during meiosis?  

A) Law of segregation
B) Monohybrid cross
C) Law of independent assortment
D) Testcross
E) Allelic inheritance
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6
All of the following pea plant feature were favorable to the success of Mendel's experiments,except  

A) true-breeding varieties were available.
B) the plant can self-fertilize.
C) the plant can be cross-fertilized.
D) plant fertilization could be controlled artificially.
E) the short life cycle of the pea plant.
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7
The ABO blood types are an example of ____.  

A) pleiotropy and polygenic inheritance
B) multiple alleles and continuous variation
C) incomplete dominance
D) codominance and epistasis
E) multiple alleles and codominance
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8
What is a method of determining the genotype of an individual with a dominant phenotype?  

A) Monohybrid cross
B) Testcross
C) Law of segregation
D) Genetic analysis
E) Genetic fingerprinting
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9
An individual with a genetic makeup of aa BB is called  

A) true-breeding.
B) recessive.
C) hybrid.
D) dihybrid.
E) heterozygous.
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10
Figure 13.11
<strong>Figure 13.11   The F2 phenotypic ratio of 9:3:4,as shown above,is a result of a cross involving  </strong> A) two genes expressing complete dominance. B) a gene expressing dominance and another gene expressing codominance. C) two genes expressing codominance. D) epistasis, in which one gene modifies the expression of the other gene. E) multiple alleles.
The F2 phenotypic ratio of 9:3:4,as shown above,is a result of a cross involving  

A) two genes expressing complete dominance.
B) a gene expressing dominance and another gene expressing codominance.
C) two genes expressing codominance.
D) epistasis, in which one gene modifies the expression of the other gene.
E) multiple alleles.
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11
Figure 13.7
<strong>Figure 13.7   Which offspring in the illustration above are homozygous recessive for both traits?  </strong> A) PPTT B) ppTT C) PpTt D) pptt E) PPtt
Which offspring in the illustration above are homozygous recessive for both traits?  

A) PPTT
B) ppTT
C) PpTt
D) pptt
E) PPtt
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12
Which of the following diagrams is used to predict the genotypic and phenotypic outcome of a cross?  

A) Pedigree
B) Testcross
C) Punnett square
D) Phylogenetic tree
E) Venn diagram
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13
Figure 13.6
<strong>Figure 13.6   Using the accompanying illustration and the assumption that half of a plant's sperm and eggs are p and half are P,one can predict that the chance of sperm p meeting egg P at fertilization is ____.  </strong> A) 50% B) 75% C) 25% D) ½ X ¼ E) 100-%
Using the accompanying illustration and the assumption that half of a plant's sperm and eggs are p and half are P,one can predict that the chance of sperm p meeting egg P at fertilization is ____.  

A) 50%
B) 75%
C) 25%
D) ½ X ¼
E) 100-%
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14
Figure 13.10
<strong>Figure 13.10    -The accompanying illustration shows the F<sub>2 </sub>phenotypes from a monohybrid cross in snapdragons.What type of inheritance produces such an outcome?  </strong> A) Complete dominance B) Incomplete dominance C) Multiple alleles D) Continuous variation E) Epistasis

-The accompanying illustration shows the F2 phenotypes from a monohybrid cross in snapdragons.What type of inheritance produces such an outcome?  

A) Complete dominance
B) Incomplete dominance
C) Multiple alleles
D) Continuous variation
E) Epistasis
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15
Various forms that a single gene can take at a given locus are called  

A) kinetochores.
B) alleles.
C) autosomes.
D) loci.
E) chromatids.
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16
A gene locus is  

A) a recessive gene.
B) an unmatched allele.
C) a sex chromosome.
D) the location of a gene on a chromosome.
E) a dominant gene.
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17
A cross between two individuals identically heterozygous for one gene is called ______.  

A) dihybrid cross
B) monohybrid cross
C) testcross
D) Punnett square
E) hybridization
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18
According to Mendel,if a male that is homozygous for the dominant form (PP)of a trait is crossed with a female that is homozygous for the recessive (pp)form of a trait,all offspring will show the ____ form of the trait.  

A) sex-linked
B) dominant
C) recessive
D) codominant
E) lethal
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19
The most accurate description of an organism with genotype AaBb is  

A) homozygous dominant.
B) heterozygous.
C) heterozygous dominant.
D) homozygous recessive.
E) heterozygous recessive.
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20
In ____,a pair of nonidentical alleles affecting the phenotypes of a given trait are both expressed at the same time in heterozygotes.  

A) pleiotropy
B) polygenic inheritance
C) complete dominance
D) codominance
E) a multiple allele system
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21
Pleiotropic genes ____.  

A) act on secondary sexual characteristics
B) influence more than one aspect of phenotype
C) are additive
D) Always produce lethal effects when homozygous
E) can only affect one trait or characteristic at a time
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22
In which of the following does the environment play a causal role?  

A) Marfan syndrome
B) Cystic fibrosis
C) Dog coat color
D) Sickle-cell anemia
E) Depression and schizophrenia
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23
The role of environmental factors on gene expression is illustrated by ____.  

A) the varying plant height of genetically identical yarrow plants when grown at different elevations
B) the flower color of hydrangeas
C) the coloration in snapdragon plants
D) male-pattern baldness
E) genetic variety in eye color
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24
A pattern of inheritance in which the form of a single trait is collectively determined by alleles of several genes is called _______.  

A) polygenic inheritance
B) pleiotropic
C) multiple allele system
D) codominance
E) epigenetic
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25
The ability of rats to cope with stress as adults can be affected by ____.  

A) a nurturing mother
B) the number of siblings they have
C) the temperature they are raised in
D) the altitude they are born at
E) their sex
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26
Answer the following questions using the group of answers below.
a.4
b.6
c.8
d.12
e.24
In a dihybrid cross between a parent that is a double heterozygote (Aa Bb)and a parent that is homozygous recessive for one gene and heterozygous for the other (aa Bb),how many unique phenotypes potentially will be present in their offspring?
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27
Four of the following will stimulate the production of males in water fleas.Which one is the exception?

A) Spring
B) Warm water
C) Salty water
D) High competition for resources
E) Crowding
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28
Answer the following questions using the group of answers below.
a.4
b.6
c.8
d.12
e.24
In a dihybrid cross between a parent that is a double heterozygote (Aa Bb)and a parent that is homozygous dominant for one gene and heterozygous for the other (AA Bb),how many unique genotypes potentially will be present in their offspring?
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29
In the classic argument of 'nature vs.nurture,' nature would most correspond with  

A) genes.
B) environment.
C) divine intervention.
D) environment and genes.
E) genes, environment, and genes.
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30
A bell-shaped curve of phenotypic variation is indicative of  

A) incomplete dominance.
B) continuous variation.
C) multiple alleles.
D) epistasis.
E) environmental variables on phenotypes.
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31
Which of the following is true about Marfan syndrome?  

A) The cause is an autosomal recessive mutation.
B) The affected gene produces a defective form of the protein actin.
C) Connective tissues comprising the heart and blood vessels are weakened.
D) One in 5,000 men are affected.
E) Those affected are often very short and have mental impairments.
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32
What pattern of inheritance shows the full and separate phenotypic effects of two alleles that are present in heterozygous individuals?  

A) Codominance
B) Epistasis
C) Pleiotropic
D) Incomplete dominance
E) Continuous variation
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33
Height,weight,and eye color are examples of phenotypes that illustrate  

A) codominance.
B) continuous variation.
C) pleiotropy.
D) incomplete dominance.
E) multiple allele systems.
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34
Figure 13.15
<strong>Figure 13.15   A graph of phenotypic variation similar to the accompanying illustration strongly suggests  </strong> A) incomplete dominance. B) codominance. C) epistasis. D) polygenic inheritance. E) environmental effects on phenotype.
A graph of phenotypic variation similar to the accompanying illustration strongly suggests  

A) incomplete dominance.
B) codominance.
C) epistasis.
D) polygenic inheritance.
E) environmental effects on phenotype.
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35
Which of the following is a form of polygenic inheritance in which the effect of an allele on a trait masks the effect of a different gene?  

A) Pleiotropic
B) Epistasis
C) Codominance
D) Incomplete dominance
E) Continuous variation
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36
In humans,environmental factors causing stress can impact  

A) the development of all autosomal disorders.
B) the development of autosomal recessive disorders.
C) the development of autosomal dominant disorders.
D) multiple allele systems.
E) epigenetic DNA modifications.
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37
Which eye color has dense melanin deposits in the iris?  

A) Blue
B) Gray
C) Brown
D) Green
E) Brown and blue
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38
The gene for human ABO blood type,for which three or more alleles persist in a population at a relatively high frequency,is an example of _______.  

A) multiple allele system
B) polygenic inheritance
C) incomplete dominance
D) epistasis
E) continuous variation
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39
Environmental effects can cause the following responses except  

A) altered metabolic pathways.
B) altered response to stress.
C) altered genotypes.
D) altered reproductive patterns.
E) altered phenotypes.
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40
Which most completely describes the circumstances under which yarrow will alter its phenotype?  

A) Temperature, soil conditions, and water conditions
B) Soil conditions only
C) Being produced by sexual versus asexual reproduction
D) Water conditions only
E) Asexual reproduction, soil conditions, and water conditions
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41
In garden peas,one pair of alleles controls the height of the plant,and a second pair of alleles controls flower color.The allele for tall (D)is dominant to the allele for dwarf (d),and the allele for purple (P)is dominant to the allele for white (p).A tall plant with white flowers crossed with a dwarf plant with purple flowers produces 1/4 tall purple,1/4 tall white,1/4 dwarf purple,and 1/4 dwarf white.What is the genotype of the parents?  

A) Dd Pp x Dd pp
B) Dd Pp x Dd Pp
C) DD Pp x dd Pp
D) Dd pp x dd Pp
E) DD Pp x dd pp
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42
In horses,black coat color is influenced by the dominant allele (B),and chestnut coat color is influenced by the recessive allele (b).Trotting gait is due to a dominant gene (T),pacing gait to the recessive allele (t).If a homozygous black trotter is crossed to a chestnut pacer,which phenotype will be the most common in the F2 generation?  

A) Black pacer
B) Black trotter
C) Chestnut trotter
D) Chestnut pacer
E) Both black and chestnut pacers
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43
In humans,normal skin pigmentation is influenced by a dominant gene (C),which allows pigmentation to develop.All individuals who are homozygous for the recessive allele (c)are unable to produce an enzyme needed for melanin formation and are therefore referred to as albino.Two normal parents produce an albino child.What are the chances that the next child will be an albino?  

A) 1/2 chance
B) 2/3 chance
C) 1/4 chance
D) 1/8 chance
E) no chance
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44
Answer the following questions using the group of answers below.

-In a dihybrid cross between a parent that is a double heterozygote (Aa Bb)and a parent that is a double homozygous recessive (aa bb),how many unique phenotypes potentially will be present in their offspring?

A)4
B)6
C)8
D)12
E)24
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45
Assume that plants with red flowers crossed with plants with white flowers give rise to plants with pink flowers.You can eliminate the plants with red flowers by crossing ________-flowered plants for the first generation,and _________-flowered plants for the second.
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46
Tall (D)is dominant to dwarf (d).If a true-breeding tall plant is crossed with a true-breeding dwarf plant,the F2 generation will have a tall:dwarf phenotypic ratio of __________.
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47
Answer the following questions using the group of answers below.
a.4
b.6
c.8
d.12
e.24
Plant species X is diploid (2n = 24)and has a quantitative trait,the expression of which is controlled by gene loci on each of its chromosomes.What is the maximum number of alleles for this trait that any one individual of species X could have?
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48
In garden peas,one pair of alleles controls the height of the plant,and a second pair of alleles controls flower color.The allele for tall (D)is dominant to the allele for dwarf (d),and the allele for purple (P)is dominant to the allele for white (p).A tall plant with purple flowers crossed with a tall plant with purple flowers produces 3/4 tall purple and 1/4 tall white.What is the genotype of the parents?  

A) Dd Pp x Dd pp
B) Dd Pp x DD Pp
C) DD Pp x dd Pp
D) Dd pp x dd Pp
E) DD Pp x dd pp
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49
In garden peas,one pair of alleles controls the height of the plant,and a second pair of alleles controls flower color.The allele for tall (D)is dominant to the allele for dwarf (d),and the allele for purple (P)is dominant to the allele for white (p).A tall plant with purple flowers crossed with a dwarf plant with white flowers produces 1/4 tall purple,1/4 tall white,1/4 dwarf purple,and 1/4 dwarf white.What is the genotype of the parents?  

A) Dd Pp x dd pp
B) Dd Pp x Dd Pp
C) DD Pp x dd Pp
D) Dd pp x dd Pp
E) DD Pp x dd pp
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50
In garden peas,one pair of alleles controls the height of the plant,and a second pair of alleles controls flower color.The allele for tall (D)is dominant to the allele for dwarf (d),and the allele for purple (P)is dominant to the allele for white (p).A tall plant with white flowers crossed with a dwarf plant with purple flowers produces all tall offspring with purple flowers.What is the genotype of the parents?  

A) Dd Pp x Dd pp
B) Dd Pp x Dd Pp
C) DD pp x dd PP
D) Dd pp x dd Pp
E) DD Pp x dd pp
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51
In radishes,long or round are homozygous forms of an incompletely dominant gene,and oval is the phenotype of the heterozygote.If a long radish is crossed with a round radish,which of the following phenotypic ratios of the F2 generation is correct?  

A) all round
B) all oval
C) 1/2 long, 1/2 oval
D) 1 long, 2 oval, 1 round
E) 1/2 oval, 1/2 round
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52
In horses,black coat color is influenced by the dominant allele (B),and chestnut coat color by the recessive allele (b).Trotting gait is due to a dominant gene (T),pacing gait to the recessive allele (t).Give the phenotype and genotype of the horse you would use in a testcross to determine the genotype of a black trotter.  

A) Black pacer, BB tt
B) Black trotter, BB TT
C) Chestnut trotter, Bb Tt
D) Chestnut pacer, bb tt
E) Chestnut pacer, Bb tt
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53
In garden peas,one pair of alleles controls the height of the plant,and a second pair of alleles controls flower color.The allele for tall (D)is dominant to the allele for dwarf (d),and the allele for purple (P)is dominant to the allele for white (p).A tall plant with purple flowers crossed with a tall plant with white flowers produces 3/8 tall purple,1/8 tall white,3/8 dwarf purple,and 1/8 dwarf white.What is the genotype of the parents?  

A) Dd Pp x Dd pp
B) Dd Pp x Dd Pp
C) DD Pp x dd Pp
D) Dd pp x dd Pp
E) DD Pp x dd pp
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54
Crosses between a yellow rat with a yellow rat always produce yellow offspring.Crosses between a white rat with a white rat always produce white offspring.The alleles affect the same aspect of coat color.The cross of a white rat with a yellow rat produces a cream rat.This type of inheritance pattern is called _______________?
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55
A pure-breeding population of a __________ trait is easier to establish from a mixed population.
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56
The allele for albinism (c)is recessive to the allele for normal pigmentation (C).A normally pigmented woman whose father is an albino marries an albino man whose parents are normal.They have three children,two normal and one albino.What would be the genotype for the two normal children?  

A) Cc
B) cc
C) CC
D) either CC or Cc
E) either Cc or cc
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57
A breeder of cattle has a herd of white cows and a roan bull.Hair color in this breed is controlled by an incompletely dominant gene.The two homozygous forms are either red or white,and the heterozygous is roan.What colors of calves are expected and in what proportions?  

A) All white
B) All red
C) 1/2 white, 1/2 roan
D) 1 white, 2 roan, 1 red
E) 1/2 white, 1/2 red
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58
Answer the following questions using the group of answers below.
a.4
b.6
c.8
d.12
e.24
Animal species X is tetraploid (4n = 12).Following gene duplication and translocation,a given gene is found on each chromosome.How many alleles for this gene can be present in an individual of this species?
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59
In garden peas,one pair of alleles controls the height of the plant,and a second pair of alleles controls flower color.The allele for tall (D)is dominant to the allele for dwarf (d),and the allele for purple (P)is dominant to the allele for white (p).A tall plant with purple flowers crossed with a dwarf plant with white flowers produces 1/2 tall with purple flowers and 1/2 tall with white flowers.What is the genotype of the parents?  

A) Dd Pp x Dd pp
B) Dd Pp x Dd Pp
C) DD Pp x dd Pp
D) Dd pp x dd Pp
E) DD Pp x dd pp
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60
In a certain plant,when individuals with blue flowers are crossed with individuals with blue flowers,only blue flowers are produced.Plants with red flowers crossed with plants with red flowers sometimes produce only red flowers,although other times they produce either red or blue flowers.When plants with red flowers are crossed with plants with blue flowers,sometimes only red flowers are produced; other times either red or blue flowers are produced.Which of the following is true?  

A) Red is dominant
B) Blue is dominant
C) Red is recessive
D) Red is codominant
E) Red is incompletely dominant
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61
A cross of two Kerry horses always produces Kerry offspring.A cross of a Kerry with a Dexter produces 1/2 Kerry and 1/2 Dexter offspring.Crosses of two Dexters produce two Dexters for every Kerry.This pattern of inheritance,in which the F2 generation deviates from the expected ratios,suggests a _______ homozygous recessive trait.
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62
In a certain breed of chicken,two genes control color.A dominant allele (I)inhibits the expression of any color gene (C).The recessive allele (c)results in albinism when homozygous (cc).The F2 phenotypic ratios of a cross between a colored chicken (ii CC)with a white chicken (II cc)would be ____white,_____ colored.
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63
In sweet peas,dominant alleles C and P are necessary for colored flowers.In the absence of either (__ pp or cc __)or both (cc pp),the flowers are white.A cross between a plant with colored flowers and a plant with white flowers that produced 38 plants with colored flowers and 42 plants with white flowers could be written as _______.
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64
There are three alleles controlling the ABO blood types.IA and IB are codominant genes so that the combination IAIB produces the AB blood type.The third allele,i,is recessive to the other two alleles.Which of the following combinations of parents (with blood types on the left)and child (with blood type listed on the right)is NOT possible?  

A) A ´ AB = B
B) A ´ O    = A
C) A ´ B    = O
D) A ´ AB = O
E) A ´ AB = B
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65
In tomatoes,red (R)is dominant to yellow (r),tall (D)is dominant to dwarf (d),and smooth (H)is dominant to hairy (h).How many possible different phenotypes are there in relationship to these three characteristics?  

A) 6
B) 8
C) 9
D) 16
E) 27
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66
In poultry,the genes for rose comb (R)and pea comb (P)produce walnut whenever they occur together (R__ P__); single-combed individuals have the homozygous condition for both genes (rr pp).Give the phenotypic results of a cross of Rr Pp x rr Pp  

A) 9/16 walnut, 3/16 rose, 3-16 pea, 1/16 single
B) 3/8 walnut, 3/8 pea, 1/8 rose, 1/8 single
C) 3/4 walnut, 1/4 rose
D) 1/4 walnut, 1/4 rose, 1/4 pea, 1/4 single
E) 1/4 walnut, 1/4 rose, 1/4 pea, 1/4 single
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67
In a certain breed of chicken,an incompletely dominant gene controls color.The homozygous black (BB),when crossed with the homozygous splashed-white (bb),produces an intermediate gray color pattern referred to as blue.A second gene controls the shape of the comb.The dominant allele (R)produces rose,whereas the recessive allele (r)produces single.A cross between a true-breeding black with a single comb and a true-breeding splashed-white with a rose comb will produce a total of _______ different phenotypes in the F2 generation.
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68
True-breeding yellow guinea pigs crossed with true-breeding white ones produce only cream-colored offspring.This pattern indicates incomplete dominance.Rough hair is found to be dominant to smooth hair.Select the F1 genotypic and phenotypic ratios of a cross between a smooth,white guinea pig with a homozygous,rough,yellow guinea pig from the following choices.  

A) rough cream Yy Rr
B) yellow rough YY R__
C) cream rough Yy R__
D) white rough yy R__
E) cream smooth Yy rr
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69
White fruit color in summer squash is influenced by a dominant allele W,whereas colored fruit must be ww.In the presence of ww,a dominant gene G results in yellow fruit,and homozygous gg results in green fruit.The F2 phenotypic ratios resulting from a cross of a true-breeding plant with white fruit (genotype WW GG)with a plant with green fruit will result in which phenotypic ratios?  

A) 8/16 white, 4/16 yellow, 4/16 green
B) 12/16 white, 3/16 yellow, 1/16 green
C) 4/16 white, 8/16 yellow, 4/16 green
D) 12/16 white, 2/16 yellow, 2/16 green
E) 8/16 white, 8/16 green
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70
In the late 1920s,a mutation occurred in many silver fox farms around the world.The fox farms that sold expensive furs were proud of the quality of their furs,and each advertised that it had the best,purest breed of all the fox farms.The new mutations produced a "platinum" coat pattern that was commercially desirable,so the farms crossed them to get more.The results of their breeding experiments were as follows: (1)silver ´ silver >>> all silver offspring; (2)silver ´ platinum >>> equal numbers of silver and platinum; (3)platinum ´ platinum >>> two platinum for each silver offspring.Which of the following inheritance patterns explain the breeding results?  

A) Incomplete dominance of the silver trait
B) Codominance of the silver and platinum alleles
C) Multiple alleles exist that cancel out some traits
D) Heterozygotes express the recessive platinum trait
E) Homozygous alleles cause lethal effects
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71
In the garden pea,Mendel found that tall (D)plants,green pods (G),and inflated pods (C)were dominant to dwarf (d)plants,yellow pods (g),and constricted pods (c).Determine the chances of producing the offspring D__ G__ cc from a cross of Dd Gg Cc x Dd Gg Cc.  

A) 1/16
B) 3/16
C) 3/8
D) 9/64
E) 3/8
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72
Congenital deafness in humans is due to the homozygous condition of either of the recessive alleles d or e,or both.Both dominant D and E are necessary for normal hearing.Gene D/d affects the middle ear,while gene E/e affects the inner ear.It does not matter how good the normal inner ear (as indicated by E__)is; if there is something wrong in the middle ear,the individual is unable to hear.The same applies for the other gene.What is the phenotypic result of the cross Dd EE x Dd EE?  

A) 3/4 normal, 1/4 deaf
B) 9/16 normal, 7/16 deaf
C) all normal
D) 3/4 normal, 1/4 deaf
E) all normal
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73
In radishes,two incompletely dominant genes control color and shape.Red (R)is dominant over white (r),and heterozygotes are purple.Long (L)is dominant over round (l),and heterozygotes are oval.If a true-breeding long,red radish is crossed with a purple oval radish,give the F1 phenotypes and their percentages.

A) All long red
B) 25% long red, 25% long purple, 25% oval red, 25% oval purple
C) 25% long red, 50% round purple, 25% round white
D) 25% long red, 50% long purple, 25% oval white
E) 25% oval red, 25% oval purple, 50% round purple
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74
Heritable units of information about traits are called __________.
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75
If you were following the inheritance patterns of two different sets of multiple alleles located on different chromosomes,with locus 1 having five possible alleles and locus 2 having six alleles,there would be a total of _____ different possible gametes produced.
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76
In sweet peas,dominant alleles C and P are necessary for colored flowers.In the absence of either (__ pp or cc __)or both (cc pp),the flowers are white.What the phenotypic ratios be for the cross of Cc pp x cc Pp?  

A) 1/4 color, 3/4 white
B) 9/16 color, 7/16 white
C) 3/4 color, 1/4 white
D) 1/4 color, 3/4 white
E) 1/2 color, 1/2 white
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77
Different molecular forms of the same gene are __________.
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78
In rabbits,there are four alleles at the c locus.Arranged in dominance sequence they are C (agouti),cch (chinchilla),ch (Himalayan),and c (albino) Which of the following crosses will NOT be possible?

A) Two agouti rabbits to produce both chinchilla and Himalayan offspring
B) Two chinchillas to produce 1/2 chinchilla and 1/2 Himalayan
C) Two albino rabbits to produce all albino rabbits
D) One Himalayan and one chinchilla to produce chinchilla rabbits
E) One agouti and one chinchilla to produce agouti rabbits
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79
In horses,there are four alleles at the A locus.Arranged in dominance sequence,they are A (wild),ab (bay),ac (brown),ad (black)
If you bred several bay mares whose sires were brown to a brown stallion whose sire was black,what are the genotypes of the parents; what type of offspring would be produced; and in what proportion?

A) aaad x acad; 1/2 brown, 1/2 black
B) abac x acad; 1/2 bay, 1/2 brown
C) Aab x acad; 1/2 bay, 1/2 wild
D) Aab x acad; all wild
E) adab x acad; all black
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80
In mice,the allele for colored fur (C)is dominant to the allele for albinism (c).The allele for normal behavior (W)is dominant to that for waltzing movement (w).Give the probable genotypes of the parents if a colored normal crossed with a white waltzer produced 10 colored normal,8 colored waltzers,2 white waltzers,and 11 white normal.  

A) Cc Ww x cc ww
B) CC Ww x cc Ww
C) Cc Ww x Cc Ww
D) CC ww x cc ww
E) Cc Ww x Cc ww
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