Deck 16: Ethical Decision Making

Question 1

The behavioral ideals and moral principles that constitute ethics are ________.
(a) the beliefs of an organized religion
(b) a set of core values and beliefs
(c) the platform of a political party
(d) a book of employee regulations

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following is not generally regarded as an ethical duty?
(a) Fulfill agreements.
(b) Treat others with respect.
(c) Protect children from harm.
(d) Organize your belongings.
(e) Punish in proportion to the offense.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

In a free society founded on the separation of Church and State, there ought to be no punishment for so-called "false" beliefs. Behavior is another thing, however. If religious differences lead us to cause harm to others, then that behavior needs to be ________.
(a) exempted from governmental review because of freedom of religion
(b) praised because it manifests religious beliefs and values
(c) suppressed because it is fundamentally hateful act of terrorism
(d) examined to determine if any laws have been broken

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following is an ethical question?
(a) Does the company provide health care benefits to its employees?
(b) Does the law require the company to provide health care benefits to its employees?
(c) Ought the company to provide health care benefits to its employees?
(d) Does the company's senior leadership want to provide health care benefits to the employees?

Question 5

The ideals and principles which guide human behavior by expressing core values and beliefs about what is morally right or morally wrong are ________.
(a) laws and ordinances
(b) community standards
(c) ethical imperatives
(d) military regulations
(e) wishful thinking

Question 6

What three strategies are available for making ethical decisions when the relevant ethical imperatives diverge?
(a) prewrite, write, and rewrite
(b) seek advice, receive advice, and follow the advice
(c) comparative reasoning, ideological reasoning, and empirical reasoning
(d) prioritize, create, and negotiate

Question 7

Ethical imperatives express behavioral ideals and moral principles by pointing out ________.
(a) what we ought to do or ought to refrain from doing
(b) what we actually do and do not do
(c) what other people are expected to do or not to do
(d) what is practical and what is impractical
(e) rights and obligations under the law

Question 8

What are ethical virtues?
(a) laws by which one must abide at all times
(b) character traits that impel us toward action
(c) culturally modified practical imperatives
(d) reliable indicators of what to do in any given situation

Question 9

When considering duties, without regard for consequences, which one of these is a relevant factor?
(a) the motives or intentions of the decision maker
(b) the short term and long term costs of various options
(c) the benefits that can reasonably be predicted
(d) the extent to which various groups will be impacted
(e) one's spontaneous System-1 human response to the situation

Question 10

What do we call the set of behavioral ideals or moral principles that guide us in determining right and wrong?
(a) political opinions
(b) religious teachings
(c) corporate regulations
(d) ethics

Question 11

In practice a person with well-developed ethical virtues would typically respond to a given situation by ________.
(a) reflecting on his or her motives before deciding whether to act
(b) considering the short-term and long-term costs of various options
(c) tracing out the predicted benefits of the choices available
(d) prioritizing the applicable duties and obligations
(e) acting spontaneously in response to the situation

Question 12

Instead of tabulating consequences or pondering precisely what one's duties are in a given situation, a virtuous person generally makes ethical decisions. How?
(a) as spontaneous System-1 reactions to a given situation
(b) as reflective System-2 deliberations about a given situation
(c) by consideration of relevant prior precedents
(d) by asking a wiser person what ought to be done

Question 13

Which of the following questions is not directly related to the process of giving due consideration to the consequences of various options?
(a) Who/how many people will be affected?
(b) How will different individuals be affected positively or negatively?
(c) What future opportunities will be opened or closed?
(d) How long will the effects last?
(e) What do we customarily do in this situation?

Question 14

The legislature is considering a bill that would increase the minimum wage. Which of the following is an ethical consideration relative to the decision to support or not to support the bill?
(a) How will the change impact workers and business owners?
(b) Will I ever be in a position where I make minimum wage again in my life?
(c) What is my political party's official position on this bill?
(d) How will my vote on this bill impact my chances for being re-elected?

Question 15

When considering consequences, rather than duties, which of these is not a relevant factor?
(a) the immediate and long term cost of various options
(b) the motives or intentions of the decision maker
(c) the benefits that can reasonably be predicted
(d) the extent to which various groups will be impacted

Question 16

If the boundaries between ethics, religion, custom, tradition, and law are blurry in your community, which type of community do you probably live in?
(a) pluralistic
(b) heterogeneous
(c) diversified
(d) homogenous
(e) metropolitan

Question 17

Personal, social, professional, and political problems involving diverging ethical imperatives can be emotionally and intellectually difficult to resolve. Strong critical thinkers approach those challenges mindful that reasonable people ________.
(a) will never come to agreement
(b) can disagree
(c) almost always agree
(d) agree unless they are being unreasonable

Question 18

Suppose a person saw the opportunity to swindle his or her employer out of substantial amounts of money. Which of following questions represents the ethical dimension of the decision?
(a) Can I get away with taking the money?
(b) Would other people take the money if they had the chance?
(c) Do I have an urgent need or motivation for taking the money?
(d) Is taking the money the right thing to do?

Question 19

Strong critical thinkers with a well-developed moral compass ought to treat those with whom they disagree ________.
(a) with respect
(b) as ignorant fools
(c) as evil human beings
(d) as unworthy of respect

Question 20

The ethical question, "If someone else were in my situation and I was going to be affected by that person's decision, how would I want that person to behave?" invites consideration of what?
(a) What would happen if we had unlimited resources?
(b) What would happen if there were different people affected by the decision?
(c) What would happen if the situation were reversed?
(d) What would happen if different ethical imperatives applied?

Question 21

Although at first it seems like a simple idea, what makes the consideration of consequences so difficult in real world ethical situations?

Question 22

How can the Illusion of Control heuristic result in a decision that may not be ethical?

Question 23

How can the Us vs. Them heuristic result in a decision that may not be ethical?

Question 24

How broadly ought we to extend our circle of ethical concern?

Question 25

Ethics refers to a set of behavioral ideals or moral principles that guide us in determining ____________________.

Question 26

Nate's girlfriend is sick and needs to be taken to the doctor. Nate would do it, but he has an important test at school that day. What strategy could Nate use to resolve this ethical problem?

Question 27

Although at first it seems like a simple idea, what makes the consideration of duties so difficult in real world ethical situations?

Question 28

Personal, social, professional, and political problems involving ___________ ethical imperatives can be emotionally and intellectually difficult to resolve.

Question 29

Strong critical thinking about complex and difficult social policies demands that we respect those with whom we disagree.

Question 30

Although at first it seems like an easy thing to do, what makes the simply living an ethically virtuous life so difficult in real world ethical situations?

Question 31

It would be inconsistent of us to ardently advocate for free speech but resent it when people march against causes we favor.

Question 32

One way of resolving ethical problems is to apply the "Golden Rule," which is to "Do unto others as you would have others do ______________.

Question 33

Pointing to the impact of unethical business practices on innocent people is one way of illustrating what?

Question 34

Why would a strong critical thinker not be satisfied if a person deflected questions about their ethical decision making by saying "This is how I was raised," or "This is what we've always believed"?

Question 35

How can the Affect heuristic result in a decision that may not be ethical?

Question 36

How can the Power Differential heuristic result in a decision that may not be ethical?

Question 37

Ethical imperatives are expression of ideals and principles intended to shape or guide ____________.

Question 38

Explain why blurring the boundaries between ethics, tradition, religion, and law is a problem.

Question 39

Prioritizing and creating additional options enable reasonable people to resolve whatever practical problems may come about because of diverging ethical imperatives.