Deck 4: Sex, Gender, and Sexuality

Question 1

Compared with the difference in self-esteem between the average female and the average male,the variations in self-esteem among individual males is ________ and the variations in self-esteem among individual females is ________.

A)larger;smaller
B)smaller;larger
C)larger;larger
D)smaller;smaller

Answer 1

larger;larger

Question 2

In considering gender differences,you should remember that

A)no gender difference is common to all human cultures.
B)gender similarities are much greater than gender differences.
C)genetic differences between the genders do not contribute to gender differences in behavior.
D)all of these answers are true.

Answer 2

gender similarities are much greater than gender differences.

Question 3

In contrast to sex,which is solely defined by ________ characteristics,the definition of gender involves ________ characteristics.

A)genital;chromosomal
B)primary sex;secondary sex
C)biologically influenced;socially influenced
D)hormonal;genital

Answer 3

biologically influenced;socially influenced

Question 4

Which of the following terms refers to the biologically influenced characteristics by which people define male and female?

A)gender
B)transgender
C)sex
D)androgyny

Question 5

In the past,mothers typically engaged in _______.Today's mothers typically engage in _______.

A)a greater amount of child care than fathers;a lesser amount of child care than fathers
B)a greater amount of child care than fathers;nearly twice as much child care as fathers
C)nearly twice as much child care as fathers;the same amount of child care as fathers
D)the same amount of child care as fathers;the same amount of child care as fathers

Question 6

Compared with the average woman,the average man is ______ likely to suffer depression and is ______ likely to die by suicide.

A)more;more
B)less;less
C)more;less
D)less;more

Question 7

Aggression is defined in psychology as

A)physical behavior intended to hurt someone.
B)any behavior that harms someone,whether it is intentional or unintentional.
C)physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone.
D)verbally insulting someone,whether intentional or unintentional.

Question 8

A power-hungry female politician is ______ likely to be perceived as aggressive than a power-hungry male politician.Among male and female politicians who seem power-hungry,women are ______ successful than men.

A)less;less
B)more;more
C)less;more
D)more;less

Question 9

Which of the following terms refers to the socially influenced characteristics by which people define men and women?

A)schema
B)gender
C)sexual orientation
D)Y chromosome

Question 10

In laboratory experiments,men have been found to be ________ willing than women to blast people with what they believed was intense and prolonged noise.Outside the laboratory,they have been found to be ________ willing than women to support war.

A)more;less
B)less;more
C)more;more
D)less;less

Question 11

Maria works in construction,a traditionally male occupation.Like most women in such industries,her salary is ________ than that of her male colleagues.Felicia is a professor at Podunk U,who submitted an application to fund her research.Like most female research grant applicants,she received ________ "quality of researcher" ratings from those who reviewed her application than did the average male applicant.

A)higher;higher
B)lower;lower
C)higher;lower
D)lower;higher

Question 12

Alex and Shayna are brother and sister and are both college students.Research on gender differences would lead one to anticipate that Alex is ________ likely to detect faint odors and ________ likely to smile frequently than his sister Shayna.

A)more;less
B)less;more
C)more;more
D)less;less

Question 13

Which of the following would you most likely observe on extended visits to foreign countries?

A)men and women earning approximately the same salaries
B)more women than men holding elected offices
C)more men than women involved in fistfights
D)men and women taking equal responsibility for child care

Question 14

Physical or verbal behavior intended to harm a person's social standing or relationship constitutes

A)solitary confinement.
B)bullying.
C)social segregation.
D)relational aggression.

Question 15

Isa has spread false rumors about a classmate in order to ruin his reputation.Her behavior best illustrates

A)gender typing.
B)relational aggression.
C)relational violence.
D)prejudice.

Question 16

Men and women are most likely to differ in their levels of

A)happiness.
B)intelligence.
C)creativity.
D)violent crime.

Question 17

Compared with the average man,the average woman experiences a greater risk of

A)autism spectrum disorder.
B)color-deficient vision.
C)eating disorders.
D)antisocial personality disorder.

Question 18

On extended visits to foreign countries,you would be most likely to observe

A)more men than women in political leadership positions.
B)women earning the same amount of money as men.
C)men and women equally involved in child care.
D)men and women equally involved in violent crime.

Question 19

Unlike the concept of gender,the definition of people's sex is based only on

A)cultural expectations.
B)biological traits.
C)behavioral preferences.
D)social relationships.

Question 20

When she was conceived,both of Libby's parents contributed an X chromosome,which defined her ________.As she grew up,she experienced herself as being a typical young woman,which defined her ________.

A)primary sex characteristics: secondary sex characteristics
B)gender schema;sexual orientation
C)intersex condition;secondary sex characteristics
D)sex;gender

Question 21

Although Max is genetically male,his penis was unusually small at birth.This condition most likely resulted from his body's insufficient production of ________ during his prenatal development.

A)Y chromosomes
B)gender schemas
C)testosterone
D)spermarche

Question 22

In everyday behavior,men are LESS likely than women to

A)smile at others.
B)stare at others.
C)interrupt others.
D)initiate touching others.

Question 23

The period of sexual maturation during which a person becomes capable of reproducing is called

A)androgyny.
B)puberty.
C)gender typing.
D)sexual orientation.

Question 24

Girls typically play in ________ groups than do boys and,during their teens,girls spend ________ time with friends than do boys.

A)larger;more
B)smaller;less
C)larger;less
D)smaller;more

Question 25

Males have ________ and females have ________.

A)one X chromosome;one Y chromosome
B)one Y chromosome;one X chromosome
C)one X chromosome;two X chromosomes
D)one Y chromosome;two Y chromosomes

Question 26

Compared with boys,girls are more likely to play in ________ groups.

A)small
B)competitive
C)mixed-age
D)unsupervised

Question 27

During middle and late adulthood,women become progressively ________ assertive and men become progressively ________ domineering.

A)more;more
B)less;less
C)more;less
D)less;more

Question 28

The body structures that enable reproduction are the

A)primary sex characteristics.
B)secondary sex characteristics.
C)gender schemas.
D)adrenal glands.

Question 29

Compared with women,men tend to use conversation to focus on

A)exploring relationships.
B)solving problems.
C)obtaining feedback on their views.
D)demonstrating empathy.

Question 30

For 11-year-old Elaina,puberty means that she will experience several physical changes,such as enlargement of her uterus and her first menstrual period.This best illustrates adolescent development of

A)gender typing.
B)primary sex characteristics.
C)sexual orientation.
D)secondary sex characteristics.

Question 31

Marita and Deon work in occupations that are highly stressful.Research on gender similarities and differences suggests that when they are looking for someone to whom they can confide their personal worries,Marita is likely to turn to ________ and Deon is likely to turn to ________.

A)men;men
B)women;men
C)women;women
D)men;women

Question 32

Women are more likely than men to

A)stare at people who make them angry.
B)interrupt others while they are talking.
C)refuse to apologize when angry.
D)tend and befriend as a way to cope with stress.

Question 33

With respect to their leadership style,men tend to be ________ directive and ________ democratic than women.

A)more;more
B)less;less
C)more;less
D)less;more

Question 34

During the course of a conversation between Sunita,Nancy,and Del,which of the following events is most likely to occur?

A)Del interrupts Sunita.
B)Sunita interrupts Nancy.
C)Nancy interrupts Del.
D)All of these events are equally likely to occur.

Question 35

In late adolescence,teen girls tend to spend ______ time than their male counterparts on social networking sites.As adults,women tend to take_______ pleasure than men in talking face to face.

A)less;less
B)more;more
C)less;more
D)more;less

Question 36

The social norm that has most clearly contributed to gender bias in the workplace is the belief that

A)men should exercise a more democratic leadership style than women.
B)men should more readily apologize for being impolite than women.
C)men should place more emphasis on achievement and power than women.
D)men should more readily express support for others' opinions than women.

Question 37

A mother's contribution to an offspring's two sex chromosomes is ________ chromosome and a father's contribution to an offspring's two sex chromosomes is ________ chromosome.

A)a Y;either an X or a Y
B)either an X or a Y;an X
C)an X;either an X or a Y
D)either an X or a Y;a Y

Question 38

Secretions of sex hormones during the fourth and fifth months of prenatal development tilt the fetal brain toward

A)gender typing.
B)secondary sex characteristics.
C)gender schemas.
D)male or female patterns.

Question 39

The sex chromosome found in both males and females is called the ________ chromosome.

A)X
B)Y
C)bisexual
D)asexual

Question 40

In their marital relationship,Simonne most enjoys extended face-to-face conversations,whereas her husband most enjoys working side-by-side on extended projects.Their unique activity preferences best illustrate a difference in

A)gender schemas.
B)primary sex characteristics.
C)social connectedness.
D)secondary sex characteristics.

Question 41

While he was asleep last night,Michail experienced his first ejaculation.This most clearly represents a major landmark of

A)menarche.
B)androgyny.
C)puberty.
D)gender typing.

Question 42

An intersex condition most clearly involves the unusual development of one's

A)sexual orientation.
B)gender identity.
C)sexual anatomy.
D)gender schemas.

Question 43

Which of the following is an example of a secondary sex characteristic?

A)female ovaries
B)male facial hair
C)gender typing
D)spermarche

Question 44

Primary sex characteristics are to ________ as secondary sex characteristics are to ________.

A)male testes;adrenal glands
B)female ovaries;deepened male voice
C)male testes;female ovaries
D)adrenal glands;underarm hair

Question 45

A gender role refers to

A)a person's biological sex.
B)a sense of being male or female.
C)a set of expected behaviors and traits for males or for females.
D)the development of secondary sex characteristics.

Question 46

Today's experts typically recommend that surgery for ________ newborns be postponed until their naturally developing physical appearance and gender identity become clear.

A)transsexual
B)intersex
C)gender-typed
D)asexual

Question 47

The first ejaculation is to an adolescent boy as ________ is to an adolescent girl.

A)secondary sex characteristics
B)gender typing
C)menarche
D)gender identity

Question 48

The term spermarche refers to the

A)development of secondary sex characteristics.
B)acquisition of gender identity.
C)display of both masculine and feminine traits.
D)first ejaculation.

Question 49

Behaviors,attitudes,and traits expected of those who occupy a particular social position define a

A)class.
B)role.
C)schema.
D)syndrome.

Question 50

The social roles assigned to women and men

A)are virtually the same in all cultures.
B)have been virtually the same in all historical periods.
C)shift over time and differ from one culture to another.
D)shift over time but differ little from one culture to another.

Question 51

A girl's first menstrual period is called

A)a secondary sex characteristic.
B)a refractory period.
C)gender development.
D)menarche.

Question 52

The first appearance of secondary sex characteristics is most likely to be associated with the onset of

A)androgyny.
B)gender identity.
C)the X chromosome.
D)puberty.

Question 53

During prenatal development,a genetically female newborn was exposed to unusually high levels of testosterone.As a result,she developed male-appearing genitals.The newborn most clearly showed signs of

A)spermarche.
B)a bisexual orientation.
C)secondary sex characteristics.
D)an intersex condition.

Question 54

Girls who have experienced stress related to father absence,sexual abuse,or insecure feelings of attachment to their parents or caregivers tend to experience ________ a few months earlier than average.

A)gender identity
B)androgyny
C)gender typing
D)menarche

Question 55

Puberty is most closely related to the onset of

A)androgyny.
B)menarche.
C)gender identity.
D)gender typing.

Question 56

At the beginning of the twentieth century,only one country in the world granted women the right to vote.Effective 2015,all countries granted that right.This best illustrates a dramatic shift in

A)gender roles.
B)sexual orientation.
C)gender identity.
D)secondary sex characteristics.

Question 57

Gender identity refers to

A)a person's biological sex.
B)the sense of being male,female,or some combination of the two.
C)the set of expected behaviors for males or for females.
D)how masculine a boy is or how feminine a girl is.

Question 58

Diets laden with hormone-mimicking chemicals are suspected of contributing to girls' earlier experience of

A)gender roles.
B)gender identity.
C)menarche.
D)gender schemas.

Question 59

A decisive enlargement of his larynx caused Dominic's voice to deepen when he was 13 years old.The larynx enlargement best illustrates

A)spermarche.
B)a primary sex characteristic.
C)androgyny.
D)a secondary sex characteristic.

Question 60

When teased by his older sister,9-year-old Waldo does not cry because he has learned that boys should never cry.Waldo's behavior best illustrates the importance of

A)secondary sex characteristics.
B)gender roles.
C)testosterone.
D)menarche.

Question 61

When his mother offered to play leapfrog with him,Jave protested,"I'm not going to play a girl's game!" Jave's reaction best illustrates the impact of

A)gender typing.
B)gender schemas.
C)sexual orientation.
D)secondary sex characteristics.

Question 62

People whose gender identity feels mismatched with their biological sex are

A)transgender.
B)bisexual.
C)heterosexual.
D)homosexual.

Question 63

Categorizing baby clothing as either masculine-looking or feminine-looking best illustrates the functioning of

A)androgyny.
B)an intersex condition.
C)secondary sex characteristics.
D)a gender schema.

Question 64

The belief that boys are more independent than girls is a

A)gender role.
B)gender identity.
C)gender schema.
D)gender type.

Question 65

The sex hormone secreted in greater amounts by females than by males is

A)estradiol.
B)epinephrine.
C)HPV.
D)serotonin.

Question 66

A boy who consistently exhibits traditionally masculine interests and behavior patterns demonstrates

A)androgyny.
B)spermarche.
C)secondary sex characteristics.
D)gender typing.

Question 67

One's sexual orientation refers to

A)one's sense of being male or female.
B)a set of expected behaviors for males or for females.
C)the direction of one's sexual attraction.
D)all of these.

Question 68

Those who prefer to live as members of the sex other than their biological sex are described as

A)asexual.
B)androgynous.
C)transsexual.
D)bisexual.

Question 69

Social learning theory emphasizes that

A)observation and imitation play a crucial role in the development of gender identity.
B)children will exhibit only those gender-linked behaviors for which they themselves have been directly rewarded.
C)children will not develop a clear gender identity if the same-sex parent is absent from the home.
D)all of these statements are true.

Question 70

Mr.Eskenazi frowns when his son cries but hugs his daughter when she cries.Mr.Eskenazi's contribution to the gender typing of his children would most likely be highlighted by

A)Freudian psychology.
B)social learning theory.
C)the fertile females theory.
D)evolutionary psychology.

Question 71

Migdalia insists on wearing very feminine-looking outfits because she wants to be treated like a woman.This best illustrates the impact of

A)the Y chromosome.
B)androgyny.
C)secondary sex characteristics.
D)gender typing.

Question 72

Gay,lesbian,bisexual,and transgender Americans who responded to a national survey indicated that they thought that transgender people receive ______ social acceptance than gay men and ______ social acceptance than lesbians.

A)more;more
B)less;less
C)more;less
D)less;more

Question 73

Children tend to organize their worlds into male and female categories.This best illustrates their use of

A)secondary sex characteristics.
B)sexual orientation.
C)gender schemas.
D)relational aggression.

Question 74

The belief that boys have shorter hair than girls is a

A)gender role.
B)gender schema.
C)sexual orientation.
D)secondary sex characteristic.

Question 75

Those who are NOT sexually attracted to either sex are described as

A)asexual.
B)androgynous.
C)transgender.
D)intersex.

Question 76

Gender typing refers to acquiring

A)an enduring sexual attraction toward members of the opposite sex.
B)a sense of being either male or female.
C)a traditional masculine or feminine role.
D)secondary sex characteristics.

Question 77

Those who prefer to express a blend of traditionally masculine and traditionally feminine psychological characteristics demonstrate

A)a bisexual orientation.
B)an intersex condition.
C)heterosexuality.
D)androgyny.

Question 78

Sex-reassignment surgery today would most likely be sought by individuals who are

A)homosexual.
B)asexual.
C)bisexual.
D)transsexual.

Question 79

Erin has made a social transition from living as a male to living as a female,and she is currently receiving cross-sex hormone treatments from her physician.Erin could be best described as

A)bisexual.
B)heterosexual.
C)transsexual.
D)asexual.

Question 80

Although Travis is genetically male,she sometimes dresses in women's clothes to express her strong sense of identity as a female.Travis could best be described as

A)asexual.
B)bisexual.
C)transgender.
D)homosexual.