Deck 14: Nutrients for Blood Health

Question 1

What is the ionic state of ferric iron?

A) -3
B) -2
C) +2
D) +3

Answer 1

A

Question 2

What is the adult male AI for vitamin K?

A) 60 µg
B) 120 µg
C) 150 µg
D) 180 µg

Answer 2

B

Question 3

In what chief capacity does vitamin K function?

A) blood clotting
B) energy metabolism
C) calcium utilization
D) epithelial tissue renewal

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following percentages makes up leukocytes in the blood?

A) 1 percent
B) 2 percent
C) 3 percent
D) 4 percent

Question 5

Approximately what percentage of the body's store of vitamin K is derived from GI tract bacterial synthesis?

A) Less than 5 percent
B) 25 percent
C) 50 percent
D) 85 percent

Question 6

What iron-containing compound carries oxygen in the bloodstream?

A) ferritin
B) myoglobin
C) transferrin
D) hemoglobin

Question 7

Which of the following is known to require vitamin K for its synthesis?

A) albumin
B) GI mucosa
C) prothrombin
D) mucopolysaccharides

Question 8

About how much iron is absorbed from a vegetarian diet compared with an omnivorous diet?

A) the same
B) one-half as much
C) twice as much
D) three times as much

Question 9

What is the oxygen-carrying protein of muscle cells?

A) transferrin
B) myoglobin
C) hemoglobin
D) cytochrome

Question 10

Which of the following is a key nutrient in blood?

A) water
B) sugar
C) fibre
D) protein

Question 11

Other than blood clotting, which of the following is a major function of vitamin K?

A) It participates in synthesis of bone proteins.
B) It participates in blood circulation.
C) It participates in oxygen transportation.
D) It participates in thyroid regulation.

Question 12

Jennifer does not like leafy greens, which are a rich source of vitamin K. What other food provides an excellent source of vitamin K?

A) fish
B) vegetable oil
C) potatoes
D) bananas

Question 13

Which of the following conditions occurs with a deficiency of vitamin K?

A) GI distress
B) Fatigue
C) Hemorrhaging
D) Liver damage

Question 14

Which of the following is another name for vitamin K?

A) ergocalciferol
B) hydroxyvitamin K
C) menaquinone
D) precursor K

Question 15

What is prothrombin?

A) a storage protein for vitamin K
B) a transport protein for vitamin E
C) a protein needed for bone formation
D) a protein needed for blood clot formation

Question 16

What is the approximate range for the absorption of vitamin K from foods?

A) 10 - 40 percent
B) 20 - 50 percent
C) 30 - 60 percent
D) 40 - 70 percent

Question 17

What is the ionic state of ferrous iron?

A) -2
B) -1
C) +1
D) +2

Question 18

Which of the following vitamins is synthesized by intestinal bacteria?

A) vitamin A
B) vitamin E
C) vitamin K
D) vitamin D

Question 19

Approximately how long does it take to circulate blood from the heart through the body and back to the heart?

A) 1/2 a minute
B) 1 minute
C) 1 1/2 minutes
D) 2 minutes

Question 20

Which of the following percentages makes up plasma in the blood?

A) 40
B) 45
C) 50
D) 55

Question 21

What percentage of the iron in a hamburger is non-heme iron?

A) 0 percent
B) 20 percent
C) 40 percent
D) 60 percent

Question 22

Your cousin Emily is a vegetarian. Since you have just learned in your nutrition class that non-heme iron is absorbed less efficiently than heme iron, you want to make sure Emily is getting enough iron. What should you recommend Emily do to maximize her iron absorption?

A) Choose spinach as her main source of iron
B) Eat her non-heme iron sources with a glass of milk
C) Eat her non-heme iron sources with a glass of orange juice
D) Refrain from any major activity after eating to aid digestion/absorption of iron

Question 23

Which of the following nutrients enhances iron absorption from the intestinal tract?

A) biotin
B) calcium
C) vitamin D
D) vitamin C

Question 24

Which of the following foods contains the MFP factor?

A) cheese
B) spinach
C) soybeans
D) chicken leg

Question 25

What is the function of MFP factor?

A) It enhances iron absorption.
B) It acts as an iron enrichment nutrient.
C) It simulates metallothionein synthesis.
D) It acts as chelating agent for iron toxicity treatment.

Question 26

Which of the following foods provides iron in the most absorbable form?

A) rice
B) spinach
C) chicken
D) orange juice

Question 27

Which of the following is a protein that carries iron through the circulation to the tissues?

A) albumin
B) transferrin
C) hemosiderin
D) metallothionein

Question 28

Which of the following statements illustrates the relationship between zinc and iron?

A) Good food sources include dairy products.
B) Proteins in the blood are needed for their transport.
C) Severe deficiencies lead to delay in the onset of puberty.
D) Doses of 10 times the RDA may cause death in children.

Question 29

Where is myoglobin found in the body?

A) brain cells
B) stomach cells
C) muscle cells
D) liver cells

Question 30

Which of the following is known to enhance iron absorption?

A) tea
B) coffee
C) foods containing vitamin C
D) foods containing vitamin E

Question 31

Which of the following is known to reduce the absorption of iron?

A) shrimp
B) coffee
C) sugars
D) cheese

Question 32

How does vitamin C enhance iron absorption when consumed in the same meal?

A) It activates transferrin.
B) It keeps iron in the reduced ferrous form.
C) It releases iron from the proteins in the stomach.
D) It complexes with iron and promotes mucosal transport.

Question 33

Which one of the following percentages represents how well heme iron is absorbed?

A) 7 percent
B) 10 percent
C) 15 percent
D) 25 percent

Question 34

Which of the following types of cells control iron absorption?

A) pancreatic cells
B) intestinal cells
C) liver cells
D) lymph cells

Question 35

Which of the following compounds provides a major storage reservoir for iron?

A) ferritin
B) myoglobin
C) transferrin
D) hemoglobin

Question 36

What fraction of the total iron content of a normal diet is heme iron?

A) 1/100
B) 1/10
C) 1/3
D) 1/2

Question 37

When calculating the amount of iron that can be absorbed from a meal, which of the following factors are of major importance?

A) protein content
B) oxalate content
C) vitamin A content
D) MFP factor content

Question 38

How many grams of iron would be found in the hemoglobin if a person's body has a total of 5 g of iron?

A) 1 g
B) 2 g
C) 3 g
D) 4 g

Question 39

Which of the following foods is likely to result in iron deficiency in children if overemphasized in the diet?

A) milk
B) cereals
C) vegetables
D) dried beans

Question 40

Which of the following improves absorption of iron from supplements when taken with them?

A) tea
B) meat
C) milk
D) whole-grain bread

Question 41

What is the name of the hormone produced by the liver that regulates iron balance?

A) hepatic hormone
B) homosiderin
C) heparin
D) hepcidin

Question 42

What is the average lifespan of red blood cells?

A) .2 weeks
B) 1 month
C) 4 months
D) 6 months

Question 43

Which of the following describes hepcidin?

A) a factor in meats that enhances iron absorption
B) an intestinal mucosa protein that assists in iron turnover
C) a substance in legumes that interferes with iron absorption
D) a liver-derived hormone that helps regulate iron absorption and transport

Question 44

Approximately how much iron is lost daily by adults from urine, sweat, and shed skin?

A) 1 mg
B) 5 mg
C) 12 mg
D) 18 mg

Question 45

Which of the following numbers indicates the number of stages to iron deficiency?

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5

Question 46

Which of the following is known as an iron-overload protein?

A) transferrin
B) hemosiderin
C) marrow ferritin
D) metallothionein

Question 47

Approximately how many people worldwide are thought to be affected by iron-deficiency anemia?

A) 1 million
B) 100 million
C) 1.6 billion
D) 3.5 billion

Question 48

Which of the following is found in the first stage of iron deficiency?

A) Iron stores decline, as assessed by serum ferritin.
B) Hemoglobin levels fall, as assessed by complete blood count.
C) Red blood cell count falls, as assessed by hematocrit count.
D) Hemoglobin synthesis declines, as assessed by erythrocyte protoporphyrin.

Question 49

Free iron can cause damage to which one of the following types of cells?

A) white blood cells
B) lipid cells
C) brain cells
D) nerve cells

Question 50

During the iron recycling process, which of the following introduces iron into the hemoglobin of red blood cells?

A) glucose
B) insulin
C) bone marrow
D) gastric juices

Question 51

Which of the following processes occur when iron is transported in the body?

A) Albumin is the major iron transport protein in the blood.
B) Transferrin in the blood carries iron to the bone marrow.
C) Hemochromatosis results from inability to absorb and transport iron.
D) Ferritin functions by transporting iron from the spleen to the bone marrow.

Question 52

Which one of the following are chief storage sites for surplus iron?

A) pancreas
B) spleen
C) muscle
D) appendix

Question 53

Which of the following would be an iron-rich meal?

A) beef and tomato chili
B) grilled cheese sandwich
C) red beans and rice
D) peanut butter sandwich

Question 54

Which of the following population groups is least susceptible to iron-deficiency anemia?

A) older infants
B) children 2-10 years of age
C) women of childbearing age
D) men 20-45 years of age

Question 55

How does a person respond to high blood levels of hepcidin??

A) by decreasing iron absorption
B) by increasing iron absorption
C) by decreasing zinc absorption
D) by increasing zinc absorption

Question 56

Which of the following percentages of North American toddlers, adolescent girls, and women of childbearing age suffer from iron-deficiency anemia?

A) 10 percent
B) 12 percent
C) 14 percent
D) 16 percent

Question 57

Which one of the following numbers indicates a typical woman's total monthly blood loss?

A) 0.5 mg
B) 1.0 mg
C) 1.5 mg
D) 2 mg

Question 58

What is the major cause of iron deficiency?

A) blood loss
B) poor nutrition
C) hereditary defect
D) parasitic infections of the GI tract

Question 59

Which one of the following is a method by which small amounts of iron are lost from the body?

A) digestion
B) bleeding
C) feces
D) urine

Question 60

What is the chief function of hemosiderin?

A) storage of excess body iron
B) inhibition of hemoglobin synthesis
C) enhancement of heme iron absorption
D) enhancement of non-heme iron absorption

Question 61

Which of the following abnormalities can be indicated by the erythrocyte protoporphyrin level?

A) late iron toxicity
B) early iron toxicity
C) late iron deficiency
D) early iron deficiency

Question 62

Which of the following is descriptive of iron deficiency and behaviour?

A) The practice of pica may enhance iron absorption.
B) Changes in behaviour precede the appearance of anemia.
C) The practice of pica may delay the onset of iron-induced behavioural changes.
D) Adults are more resistant to iron-induced behavioural changes than children.

Question 63

Which of the following is a characteristic of blood cells in someone who has iron-deficiency anemia?

A) blood cells are large
B) blood cells are a triangular shape
C) blood cells are small
D) blood cells are a moon shape

Question 64

What is the name given to the ingestion of non-food substances?

A) pica
B) goiter
C) tetany
D) hemosiderosis

Question 65

The most common test to diagnose iron deficiency is called which of the following measures?

A) size of red blood cells
B) number of red blood cells
C) DNA content of red blood cells
D) hemoglobin content of red blood cells

Question 66

What is the most common cause of iron overload?

A) an injury to the GI tract
B) a genetic predisposition
C) excessive use of iron cookware
D) excessive use of iron supplements

Question 67

Which of the following foods should be especially limited in the diet of individuals with hemochromatosis?

A) dairy products
B) fluoridated water
C) iron-fortified cereals
D) carbonated beverages

Question 68

Joe has decided to donate blood. How much iron will he lose if he donates 2 pints (1000 mL) of blood in a year?

A) 1 mg
B) 2.5 mg
C) 5 mg
D) 10 mg

Question 69

What type of anemia results from iron deficiency?

A) hemolytic
B) megaloblastic
C) microcytic hypochromic
D) macrocytic hyperchromic

Question 70

Which of the following represents the order of the stages of iron deficiency?

A) Iron stores decline, iron transport diminishes, hemoglobin synthesis falls.
B) Hemoglobin synthesis falls, iron transport diminishes, iron stores decline.
C) Iron transport diminishes, hemoglobin synthesis falls, iron stores decline.
D) Iron transport diminishes, iron stores decline, and hemoglobin synthesis falls.

Question 71

Taking into account the efficiency of intestinal absorption of iron, approximately how much dietary iron must be consumed to account for the iron lost by donating a pint of blood?

A) 5 mg
B) 15 mg
C) 50 mg
D) 100 mg

Question 72

Which of the following individuals would most likely NOT need an iron supplement?

A) 2-year-old
B) elderly female
C) elderly male
D) middle-aged male

Question 73

Which of the following symptoms would be found in individuals with iron-deficiency anemia?

A) increased sweating
B) headaches
C) skin rashes
D) irritability

Question 74

Why are people with iron overload at increased risk for infections?

A) Excess tissue iron destroys vitamin C.
B) Iron-rich blood favours growth of bacteria.
C) Iron-rich blood impairs the immune system.
D) Excess tissue iron interferes with antibiotic function.

Question 75

Which of the following conditions is also known as iron overload?

A) ferro cyanosis
B) hemoglobinemia
C) hemochromatosis
D) hyperhemoglobin status

Question 76

Which one of the following metals is most likely deficient when blood hemoglobin level is low?

A) zinc
B) iron
C) copper
D) manganese

Question 77

Which of the following is a sign of iron toxicity?

A) apathy
B) stomach ulcer
C) hypochromic anemia
D) pallor

Question 78

Why are hemoglobin and hematocrit tests of limited usefulness in the assessment of iron status?

A) They are expensive to perform.
B) They can be inaccurate.
C) They are late indicators of iron deficiency.
D) The range of normal value is usually wide.

Question 79

Which of the following best describes erythrocyte protoporphyrin?

A) iron chelating drug
B) hemoglobin precursor
C) indicator of iron toxicity
D) inherited iron-deficiency supplement

Question 80

Which of the following is a cause of hemochromatosis?

A) herbal supplements
B) excess blood loss
C) repeated blood transfusions
D) chronic liver disease