How does the rotation of the c ring lead to ATP synthesis? A) The c ring is linked tightly to the gamma and epsilon subunits in the stalk of F₁. B) The c ring interacts with the beta subunit. C) The gamma subunit rotates with proton gradient formation, inducing the binding-change mechanism. D) All of the above. E) None of the above.

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Quizplus · Accepted Answer

The rotation of the c ring is integral to ATP synthesis in ATP synthase (often referred to with the F₁ typo, which seems to be an attempt to denote F1F0-ATP synthase). This rotation is linked to the gamma and epsilon subunits in the stalk of the enzyme, interacts with the beta subunit, and the gamma subunit's rotation, driven by proton gradient formation, induces the binding-change mechanism essential for ATP synthesis.

How Does the Rotation of the C Ring Lead to ATP