Which of the following statements can explain why an association between Event A and Event B may not imply causality from A to B?
A)The observed association may be coincidental.
B)There may be a third variable that is responsible for causing both events.
C)Causality may run from Event B to Event A instead of in the opposite direction.
D)All of the above can explain why an association between Event A and Event B may not imply causality from A to B.

Question

Which of the following statements can explain why an association between Event A and Event B may not imply causality from A to B?
A)​The observed association may be coincidental.
B)​There may be a third variable that is responsible for causing both events.
C)​Causality may run from Event B to Event A instead of in the opposite direction.
D)​All of the above can explain why an association between Event A and Event B may not imply causality from A to B.

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

All of the options listed can explain why an association between Event A and Event B may not imply causality from A to B, including coincidence, a third variable causing both events, and causality running from B to A instead. Therefore, the best answer is D.

Which of the Following Statements Can Explain Why an Association