In reasoning from causes and effects, you have two choices: you may reason from cause to effect (from observed cause to unobserved effect) or from effect to cause (from observed effect to unobserved cause).

Question

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Reasoning from causes to effects involves starting with a known cause and drawing conclusions about its probable effects, while reasoning from effects to causes involves starting with an observed effect and working backwards to determine its likely cause.

In Reasoning from Causes and Effects, You Have Two Choices