Jake has always driven a car with a standard transmission. His new car has an automatic transmission but Jake still pushes his left foot down in search of a clutch. In this example, previously learned behavior is interfering with learning a new behavior, a process called proactive interference.

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Proactive interference occurs when previously learned information interferes with the learning or recall of new information. In this example, Jake's previously learned behavior of using a standard transmission is interfering with his ability to learn how to operate a car with an automatic transmission.

Jake Has Always Driven a Car with a Standard Transmission