In the context of one-group pretest-posttest design, testing effects occur when:
A)taking a pretest changes the participant's behavior.
B)participants become bored or fatigued.
C)a confounding event occurs at the same time as the experimental manipulation.
D)the basic characteristics of the measuring instrument change over time.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Testing effects refer to the changes in participant behavior due to the pretest itself. Simply taking a pretest can influence how participants respond on the posttest, which can affect the accuracy of the results. This is why it's important to minimize the effects of testing by using alternate forms of the test for the pretest and posttest, or by using a control group that does not take the pretest. Boredom or fatigue (B) may influence participant behavior, but this is not specific to the pretest and can occur during any phase of the study. Confounding events (C) can introduce extraneous variables that affect the results, but this is not related to testing effects. Finally, changes in the measuring instrument (D) are a form of instrumentation effects, which again are different from testing effects.

In the Context of One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design, Testing Effects Occur